Browsing by Author "Jara, Alejandro"
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- ItemA Bayesian semiparametric partially PH model for clustered time-to-event data(2018) Nipoti, Bernardo; Jara, Alejandro; Guindani, Michele
- ItemA Bayesian Semiparametric Temporally-Stratified Proportional Hazards Model with Spatial Frailties(INT SOC BAYESIAN ANALYSIS, 2012) Hanson, Timothy E.; Jara, Alejandro; Zhao, LupingIncorporating temporal and spatial variation could potentially enhance information gathered from survival data. This paper proposes a Bayesian semiparametric model for capturing spatio-temporal heterogeneity within the proportional hazards framework. The spatial correlation is introduced in the form of county level frailties. The temporal effect is introduced by considering the stratification of the proportional hazards model, where the time dependent hazards are indirectly modeled using a probability model for related probability distributions. With this aim, an autoregressive dependent tailfree process is introduced. The full Kullback-Leibler support of the proposed process is provided. The approach is illustrated using simulated data and data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute on patients in Iowa diagnosed with breast cancer.
- ItemA time series model for responses on the unit interval(2013) Jara, Alejandro; Nieto Barajas, L.; Quintana Quintana, Fernando
- ItemBayesian density estimation for compositional data using random Bernstein polynomials(2015) Barrientos, Andrés F.; Jara, Alejandro; Quintana Quintana, Fernando
- ItemBayesian nonparametric ROC regression modeling(2013) Calhau Fernandes Inacio de Carvalho, Vanda; Jara, Alejandro; Hanson, Timothy E.; Bras De Carvalho, Miguel
- ItemBAYESIAN SEMIPARAMETRIC INFERENCE FOR MULTIVARIATE DOUBLY-INTERVAL-CENSORED DATA(INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS, 2010) Jara, Alejandro; Lesaffre, Emmanuel; De Iorio, Maria; Quintana, FernandoBased on a data set obtained in a dental longitudinal study, conducted in Flanders (Belgium), the joint time to caries distribution of permanent first molars was modeled as a function of covariates. This involves an analysis of multivariate continuous doubly-interval-censored data since: (i) the emergence time of a tooth and the time it experiences caries were recorded yearly, and (ii) events on teeth of the same child are dependent. To model the joint distribution of the emergence times and the times to caries, we propose a dependent Bayesian semiparametric model. A major feature of the proposed approach is that survival curves can be estimated without imposing assumptions such as proportional hazards, additive hazards, proportional odds or accelerated failure time.
- ItemClustering and feature allocation(2015) Müller, Peter; Quintana Quintana, Fernando; Jara, Alejandro; Hanson, Tim
- ItemCorrecting for misclassification for a monotone disease process with an application in dental research(2010) García Zattera, María José; Mutsvari, T.; Jara, Alejandro; Declerck, D.; Lesaffre, E.
- ItemDPpackage: Bayesian Semi- and Nonparametric Modeling in R(JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE, 2011) Jara, Alejandro; Hanson, Timothy E.; Quintana, Fernando A.; Mueller, Peter; Rosner, Gary L.Data analysis sometimes requires the relaxation of parametric assumptions in order to gain modeling flexibility and robustness against mis-specification of the probability model. In the Bayesian context, this is accomplished by placing a prior distribution on a function space, such as the space of all probability distributions or the space of all regression functions. Unfortunately, posterior distributions ranging over function spaces are highly complex and hence sampling methods play a key role. This paper provides an introduction to a simple, yet comprehensive, set of programs for the implementation of some Bayesian nonparametric and semiparametric models in R, DPpackage. Currently, DPpackage includes models for marginal and conditional density estimation, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, interval-censored data, binary regression data, item response data, longitudinal and clustered data using generalized linear mixed models, and regression data using generalized additive models. The package also contains functions to compute pseudo-Bayes factors for model comparison and for eliciting the precision parameter of the Dirichlet process prior, and a general purpose Metropolis sampling algorithm. To maximize computational efficiency, the actual sampling for each model is carried out using compiled C, C++ or Fortran code.
- ItemEffectiveness and duration of a second COVID-19 vaccine booster(2022) Jara, Alejandro; Cuadrado, Cristobal; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; García, Christian; Najera, Manuel; Bertoglia, María Paz; Vergara, Verónica; Fernández, Jorge; García, Heriberto; Araos, RafaelUsing a prospective national cohort of 3.75 million individuals aged 20 or older, we evaluated the effectiveness against COVID-19 related ICU admissions and death of mRNA-based second vaccine boosters for four different three-dose background regimes: BNT162b2 primary series plus a homologous booster, and CoronaVac primary series plus an mRNA booster, a homologous booster, and a ChAdOx-1 booster. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness weekly from February 14 to August 15, 2022, by estimating hazard ratios of immunization over non-vaccination, accounting for relevant confounders. The overall adjusted effectiveness of a second mRNA booster shot was 88.2% (95%CI, 86.2-89.9) and 90.5% (95%CI 89.4-91.4) against ICU admissions and death, respectively. Vaccine effectiveness showed a mild decrease for all regimens and outcomes, probably associated with the introduction of BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages and immunity waning. The duration of effectiveness suggests that no additional boosters are needed six months following a second booster shot.
- ItemEffectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children and adolescents: a large-scale observational study(ELSEVIER, 2023) Jara, Alejandro; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Flores, Juan Carlos; Zubizarreta, Jose R.; Gonzalez, Cecilia; Pizarro, Alejandra; Ortuno-Borroto, Duniel; Acevedo, Johanna; Leo, Katherinne; Paredes, Fabio; Bralic, Tomas; Vergara, Veronica; Leon, Francisco; Parot, Ignacio; Leighton, Paulina; Suarez, Pamela; Rios, Juan Carlos; Garcia-Escorza, Heriberto; Araos, RafaelBackground Policymakers urgently need evidence to adequately balance the costs and benefits of mass vaccination against COVID-19 across all age groups, including children and adolescents. In this study, we aim to assess the effectiveness of CoronaVac's primary series among children and adolescents in Chile. Methods We used a large prospective national cohort of about two million children and adolescents 6-16 years to estimate the effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in preventing laboratory-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), hospitalisation, and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) associated with COVID-19. We compared the risk of individuals treated with a complete primary immunization schedule (two doses, 28 days apart) with the risk of unvaccinated individuals during the follow-up period. The study was conducted in Chile from June 27, 2021, to January 12, 2022, when the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was predominant but other variants of concern were co-circulating, including Omicron. We used inverse probability-weighted survival regression models to estimate hazard ratios of complete immunization over the unvaccinated status, accounting for time-varying vaccination exposure and adjusting for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical confounders.Findings The estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness for the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children aged 6-16 years was 74.5% (95% CI, 73.8-75.2), 91.0% (95% CI, 87.8-93.4), 93.8% (95% CI, 87.8-93.4) for the prevention of COVID-19, hospitalisation, and ICU admission, respectively. For the subgroup of children 6-11 years, the vaccine effectiveness was 75.8% (95% CI, 74.7-76.8) for the prevention of COVID-19 and 77.9% (95% CI, 61.5-87.3) for the prevention of hospitalisation.Interpretation Our results suggest that a complete primary immunization schedule with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provides effective protection against severe COVID-19 disease for children 6-16 years.Copyright & COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- ItemEffectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile(MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC, 2021) Jara, Alejandro; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Gonzalez, Cecilia; Paredes, Fabio; Fontecilla, Tomas; Jara, Gonzalo; Pizarro, Alejandra; Acevedo, Johanna; Leo, Katherine; Leon, Francisco; Sans, Carlos; Leighton, Paulina; Suarez, Pamela; Garcia Escorza, Heriberto; Araos, RafaelInactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile In a national prospective cohort study involving 10.2 million participants in Chile, the effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, which had been developed in China and administered in two doses 28 days apart, was estimated. Effectiveness among fully immunized persons was estimated at 65.9% for Covid-19 and at 87.5% for hospitalization, 90.3% for ICU admission, and 86.3% for death.
- ItemEffectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine REPLY(MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC, 2021) Jara, Alejandro; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Araos, Rafael
- ItemEffectiveness of CoronaVac in children 3-5 years of age during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak in Chile(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2022) Jara, Alejandro; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Zubizarreta, Jose R.; Gonzalez, Cecilia; Acevedo, Johanna; Pizarro, Alejandra; Vergara, Veronica; Soto-Marchant, Mario; Gilabert, Rosario; Flores, Juan Carlos; Suarez, Pamela; Leighton, Paulina; Eguiguren, Pablo; Carlos Rios, Juan; Fernandez, Jorge; Garcia-Escorza, Heriberto; Araos, RafaelThe outbreak of the B.1.1.529 lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Omicron) has caused an unprecedented number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, including pediatric hospital admissions. Policymakers urgently need evidence of vaccine effectiveness in children to balance the costs and benefits of vaccination campaigns, but, to date, the evidence is sparse. Leveraging a population-based cohort in Chile of 490,694 children aged 3-5 years, we estimated the effectiveness of administering a two-dose schedule, 28 days apart, of Sinovac's inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac). We used inverse probability-weighted survival regression models to estimate hazard ratios of symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalization and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for children with complete immunization over non-vaccination, accounting for time-varying vaccination exposure and relevant confounders. The study was conducted between 6 December 2021 and 26 February 2022, during the Omicron outbreak in Chile. The estimated vaccine effectiveness was 38.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.5-39.9) against symptomatic COVID-19, 64.6% (95% CI, 49.6-75.2) against hospitalization and 69.0% (95% CI, 18.6-88.2) against ICU admission. The effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was modest; however, protection against severe disease was high. These results support vaccination of children aged 3-5 years to prevent severe illness and associated complications and highlight the importance of maintaining layered protections against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- ItemFully Nonparametric Regression for Bounded Data Using Dependent Bernstein Polynomials(2017) Barrientos, Andrés F.; Jara, Alejandro; Quintana Quintana, Fernando
- ItemGastric cancer is related to early Helicobacter pylori infection in a high-prevalence country(AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2007) Ferreccio, Catterina; Rollan, Antonio; Harris, Paul R.; Serrano, Carolina; Gederlini, Alessandra; Margozzini, Paula; Gonzalez, Claudia; Aguilera, Ximena; Venegas, Alejandro; Jara, AlejandroBackground and Aims: Chile ranks fifth in the world among countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. The aim was to quantify the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer mortality at the county of residence.
- ItemLinear mixed models with skew-elliptical distributions: A Bayesian approach(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2008) Jara, Alejandro; Quintana, Fernando; Martin, Ernesto SanNormality of random effects and error terms is a routine assumption for linear mixed models. However, such an assumption may be unrealistic, obscuring important features of within- and among-unit variation. A simple and robust Bayesian parametric approach that relaxes this assumption by using a multivariate skew-elliptical distribution, which includes the Skew-t, Skew-normal, t-Student, and Normal distributions as special cases and provides flexibility in capturing a broad range of non-normal and asymmetric behavior is presented. An appropriate posterior simulation scheme is developed and the methods are illustrated with an application to a longitudinal data example. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemMarginal Bayesian Semiparametric Modeling of Mismeasured Multivariate Interval-Censored Data(2019) Li, L.; Jara, Alejandro; García Zattera, María José; Hanson, T.E.
- ItemModeling county level breast cancer survival data using a covariate-adjusted frailty proportional hazards model(2015) Zhou, Haiming; Hanson, Timothy; Jara, Alejandro; Zhang, Jiajia
- ItemModeling of Multivariate Monotone Disease Processes in the Presence of Misclassification(AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC, 2012) García Zattera, María José; Jara, Alejandro; Lesaffre, Emmanuel; Marshall Rivera, Guillermo