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Friedlӓnder's synthesis of quinolines as a pivotal step in the development of bioactive heterocyclic derivatives in the current era of medicinal chemistry
(WILEY, 2022) Rajendran, Satheeshkumar; Sivalingam, Kalaiselvi; Karnam Jayarampillai, Rajendra Prasad; Wang, Wen-Long; Salas Sánchez, Cristián Osvaldo
In the current scenario of medicinal chemistry, quinoline plays a pivotal role in the design of new heterocyclic compounds with several pharmacological properties, so the search for new synthetic methodologies and their application in drug discovery has been widely studied. So far, many procedures have been performed for the preparation of quinoline scaffolds, among which Friedlander quinoline synthesis plays an important role in obtaining these heterocycles. The Friedlander reaction involves condensation between 2-aminobenzaldehydes and keto-compounds. The quinoline nucleus, once obtained through the Friedlander synthesis, has been extensively modified so that these derivatives can exhibit a large number of biological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antituberculosis, and antileishmanial properties. In this work, the focus is on the applicability of the Friedlander reaction in the synthesis of various types of bioactive heterocyclic quinoline compounds, which to date has not been reported in the context of medicinal chemistry. The main part of this review selectively focuses on research from 2010 to date and will present highlights of the Friedlander quinoline synthesis procedures and findings to address biological and pharmacological activities.
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Assessing the impact of Digital Elevation Model resolution on Elevation Gain Estimations in Trail Running
(IEEE, 2024) Sánchez, Raimundo; Egli, Pascal; Besomi, Manuela; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo
This study addresses the challenge of accurately estimating Elevation Gain (EG) in trail running using GPS devices, where resolution of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) plays a critical role. We propose an algorithmic enhancement to increase the resolution of a 4m DEM to 20cm, aligning it closely with high-resolution LiDAR models. Quantitative analyses reveal that this method significantly improves EG estimations, demonstrating a considerable reduction in error margins compared to conventional EG estimation using raw GPS. Specifically, our findings indicate that the bilinearly interpolated DEM achieves near-LiDAR accuracy at 20cm resolution, with error rates markedly decreasing at this scale. This study underscores the potential of using enhanced-resolution DEMs as a cost-effective alternative to LiDAR, particularly in applications like trail running where precise elevation data is crucial. Our approach not only offers a substantial improvement in the accuracy of physical workload assessments but also enhances the accessibility of high-quality elevation data for broader geographical and environmental applications.
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Metabolomic Profiling and Antioxidant Properties of Chilean Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.: Insights from Leaves, Flowers, and Monofloral Honey
(2025) Viteri Espinoza, Rafael Antonio; Giordano Villatoro, Ady; Montenegro Rizzardini, Gloria; Simirgiotis, Mario J.; Zacconi, Flavia C. M.
This study aimed to characterize the metabolomic profile of monofloral honey from Eucryphia cordifolia (ulmo) and evaluate the potential transfer of bioactive compounds from the plant parts, including the leaves and flowers, to the honey. Using UHPLC/ Q-TOF-MS analysis, various flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified and quantified in extracts from the leaves, flowers, and honey from E. cordifolia. Given their rich polypheAcademicEditor: Elisabeta Irina Geana Received: 11January2025 Revised: 24February2025 Accepted: 26February2025 Published: 28 February2025 Citation: Viteri, R.; Giordano, A.; Montenegro,G.;Simirgiotis, M.J.; Zacconi, F.C. MetabolomicProfiling andAntioxidantProperties ofChilean Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.: Insights from Leaves, Flowers, andMonofloral Honey. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antiox14030292 Copyright: ©2025bytheauthors. Licensee MDPI,Basel,Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the termsand conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/). nolic composition, E. cordifolia leaves were included in this study to assess their potential contribution to the antioxidant properties and chemical markers of ulmo honey. Additionally, the polyphenolic compounds in honey samples were quantified. Chromatographic analysis via UHPLC-MS/MS revealed that ulmo honey contains phenolic acids such as gallic, syringic, ferulic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and coumaric acid, as well as flavonoids including pinocembrin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, epicatechin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin. The results indicate that pinocembrin and gallic acid are the main chemical markers of ulmo honey, while isorhamnetin could complement its characterization as a complementary marker. UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis was also utilized to compare the compounds present in the honey with those found in the plant parts (leaves and flowers), respectively. A total of 10 shared compounds were identified, 9 of which were preliminarily identified, while 1remainsunknown. Notably,dihydroquercetin3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin3-O-rhamnoside, cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, and eupatorin were detected in ulmo honey for the f irst time. Along with gallic acid, pinocembrin, and isorhamnetin, these compounds could contribute to a characteristic fingerprint for identifying the botanical origin of the honey. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the chemical composition of ulmo honey and its potential application as a functional product with antioxidant properties.
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Respuesta inmune humoral inducida por la vacuna influenza en niños con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda
(Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2020) Cerda Valenzuela, Carolina Angélica; Martínez Valdebenito, Constanza Pamela; Barriga Cifuentes, Francisco José; Contreras, Marcela; Vidal, Marcela; Moreno, Rosa; Claverie, Ximena; Contreras, Paola; Huenuman, Lesly; García Salum, Tamara Cristal; Rathnasighe, Raveen; Medina Silva, Rafael Andrés; Ferrés Garrido, Marcela Viviana; Le Corre Pérez, Monique Nicole
Background: Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have high risk of severe influenza infection and vaccination is highly recommended. The immunogenicity and effectiveness of vaccination are lower than in healthy people. Aim: To evaluate the immune response induced by influenza vaccine in children with ALL and observe effectiveness. Method: Children with ALL in maintenance phase and healthy children were recruited. Blood samples were taken at vaccination day (D0) and at day 28 (D28). Humeral response was evaluated by hemaglutination inhibition test (HAI) against H1N1. Patients were followed up for one year, clinical data and influenza episodes were recorded. Results: 34 children with ALL and 9 healthy children were included. Concerning HAI on D28, 12/34 patients and 5/8 healthy children had titers >= 1/40, with seroprotection rates of 35 and 63% respectively. Seroprotected children were older than non-seroprotected ones. During follow-up, only 3 patients non seroprotected, presented influenza infection, without oxygen supplementation or critical care support. Discussion: Children with ALL had a lower seroprotection rate than healthy children. Nevertheless, none of the seroprotected children presented influenza infection, reinforcing the annual vaccination recommendation.
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Wherefore art thou competitors? How situational affordances help differentiate among prosociality, individualism, and competition
(2024) Liu, Yi; Stivers, Adam W.; Murphy, Ryan O.; Van Doesum, Niels J.; Joireman, Jeff; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov-Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Bai, Liying; Bohm, Robert; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao-Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gachter, Simon; Garcia, Camilo; Gonzalez, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Hrebickova, Martina; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kuhlman, D. Michael; Lay Martínez, Siugmin Paz; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Netedu, Adrian; Pammi, Chandrasekhar; Platow, Michael J.; Reinders Folmer, Christopher P.; Reyna, Cecilia; Simao, Claudia; Utz, Sonja; van der Meij, Leander; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; Van Lange, Paul A. M.
The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure ("sliding" between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others' outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple Dominance Measure, accounting for approximately one-third of the non-correspondence between the two measures. This is (partially) because many of the Slider items do not afford a competitive option. In items where competition is combined with individualism, competitors tended to make the same choices as individualists. Futhermore, we demonstrated the uniqueness of competitors. Compared to prosocials and individualists, competitors exhibited lower levels of both social mindfulness and trust. Overall, the present work highlights the importance of situational affordances in measuring personality, the benefits of distinguishing between individualists and competitors, and the importance of utilizing a measure that distinguishes between these two proself orientations.