Communities in DSpace

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1

Recent Submissions

No Thumbnail Available
Item
El profesor talentoso y su caracterización: una revisión de la literatura
(2024) Catalan Urbina, Marco Antonio; Jurado de los Santos, Pedro
La formación del profesorado y la inclusión han formado parte de la agenda política en distintos niveles. Desde ambas perspectivas, este trabajo ofrece la exploración de un incipiente y poco tratado concepto que pretende combinarlas, en pos de promover la calidad educativa: el profesor talentoso. La búsqueda de fuentes que den cuenta de la presencia y conceptualización de tal noción, tanto en el ámbito de la educación en Chile como a nivel internacional, han motivado una revisión de la literatura especializada, a fin de determinar elementos comunes, experiencias exitosas, y espacios de desarrollo y mejora. De este modo, se llevó a cabo una selección específica de trabajos de acuerdo a conceptos clave y criterios de exclusión, siguiendo los lineamientos de ladeclaración PRISMA y utilizando bases de datos ampliamente validadas. Los resultados muestran que un grupo reducido de documentos se aproximaban al concepto a estudiar, confirmando la ausencia de iniciativas en que la formación del profesorado y la inclusión educativa se combinen, así como también la prevalencia de elementos centrales a considerar (evaluaciones docentes estandarizadas, vocación, inteligencia, competencias docentes, entre otros). Se espera que la revisión permita avanzar en la caracterización del profesor talentoso, a la luz de nociones como el talento pedagógico y en función de las particularidades contextuales
No Thumbnail Available
Item
Immediate effects of psychosocial stress on attention depend on subjective experience and not directly on stress-related physiological changes
(2017) Palacios García, I.; Villena González, Mario; Campos Arteaga, G.; Artigas Vergara, C.; Jaramillo, K.; López, V.; Rodríguez, E.; Silva, J. R.
Acute psychosocial stress is associated with physiological, subjective and cognitive changes. In particular, attention, which is considered one of the main processes driving cognition, has beenrelated to different stress outcomes, such as anxiety, cortisol levels and autonomic responses,individually. Nonetheless, their specific contributions to and association with attention is still notfully understood. To study this association, 42 male participants were asked to perform an attentional task just before and immediately after being exposed to either an experimental treatment designed to induce psychosocial stress using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a matching stress-free control condition. The salivary cortisol concentration, heart rate, and selfreported anxiety were measured to assess the physiological response to stress and the subjective experience during the protocol. As expected, psychosocial stress induced increases in heart rate, salivary cortisol levels and anxiety. The behavioral analysis revealed that members of the control group performed better on the attentional task after the protocol, while members of the TSST group showed no changes. Moreover, after dividing the stress group into sub-groups of participants with high and low anxiety, we observed that participants in the high-anxiety group not only failed to perform better but also performed worse. Finally, after testing several single-level mediation models, we found that anxiety is sufficient to explain the changes in attention and that it mediates the effects between heart rate and cortisol levels on attention. Our results suggest that the immediate effects of acute psychosocial stress on attention are highly dependent on the participant’s subjective experience, which, in turn, is affected and can mediate stress-related physiological changes.
No Thumbnail Available
Item
Editorial: Sounding the alarm—The rising global burden of adolescent and young adult alcohol-related liver disease. Author's reply
(2024) Danpanichkul, Pojsakorn; Duangsonk, Kwanjit; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Liangpunsakul, Suthat; Wijarnpreecha, Karn
No Thumbnail Available
Item
A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD
(2024) Thakral, Nimish; Desalegn, Hailemichael; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Cabrera, Daniel; Loomba, Rohit; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo
The new nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes a positive diagnosis based on cardiometabolic risk factors. This definition is not only less stigmatizing but also allows for subclassification and stratification, thereby addressing the heterogeneity of what was historically referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The heterogeneity within this spectrum is influenced by several factors which include but are not limited to demographic/dietary factors, the amount of alcohol use and drinking patterns, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The net effect of this dynamic and intricate system-level interaction is reflected in the phenotypic presentation of MASLD. Therefore, the application of precision medicine in this scenario aims at complex phenotyping with consequent individual risk prediction, development of individualized preventive strategies, and improvements in the clinical trial designs. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches in MASLD, including the use of novel biomarkers of disease, and its subsequent utilization in future study designs.
No Thumbnail Available
Item