3.10 Facultad de Física

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Self-assembly of submonolayer-coverage organic films
(2009) Corrales Iturriaga, Tomás Patricio; Volkmann, Ulrich; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Física
In this work we present a study of self assembled submonolayer coverage organic films. The types of molecules studied here are n-alkane chains, mainly n-dotriacontane (n-C32H66), that are deposited on silicon substrates with a thin native silicon oxide layer (∼15Å). In this research we have developed a velocity controlled dip-coating device to prepare submonolayer films. We have identified the parameters that affect the coverage, morphology and structures that arise in the preparation of the film. The techniques used to characterize these films are Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Fur- thermore, this is the first work that demonstrates that SEM is a plausible technique to study thin films of n-alkanes. The future importance of this research is related to the possibility of micro-structuring energetically homogenous surfaces with nanometer thick films using relatively simple techniques, such as velocity controlled dip-coating. Micro-structured patterns, such as the stripes reported here, could be applied as optical diffraction grids or as templates for other materials.In this work we present a study of self assembled submonolayer coverage organic films. The types of molecules studied here are n-alkane chains, mainly n-dotriacontane (n-C32H66), that are deposited on silicon substrates with a thin native silicon oxide layer (∼15Å). In this research we have developed a velocity controlled dip-coating device to prepare submonolayer films. We have identified the parameters that affect the coverage, morphology and structures that arise in the preparation of the film. The techniques used to characterize these films are Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Fur- thermore, this is the first work that demonstrates that SEM is a plausible technique to study thin films of n-alkanes. The future importance of this research is related to the possibility of micro-structuring energetically homogenous surfaces with nanometer thick films using relatively simple techniques, such as velocity controlled dip-coating. Micro-structured patterns, such as the stripes reported here, could be applied as optical diffraction grids or as templates for other materials.
Numerical simulations of wire array Z-pinches under variations of global magnetic fields
(2017) Donoso Tapia, Luis Alberto; Veloso Espinosa, Felipe Eduardo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
During the last five years a lot of work has been done with the computational code GORGON [1,2] to simulate the dynamics of transient plasmas. The main work has been focused on studying plasmas in different configurations of wire arrays.These configurations include conical arrays [3,4,5], asymmetrical cylindrical arrays [6].This thesis focuses on two primary areas. First, how does spatial resolution affect the reliability of observed simulation results? This was studied by simulating conical wire array Z-pinches with varying resolutions. Second, the dynamics of Z pinch plasmas generated by asymmetrical wire arrays are examined. This causes the magnetic field topology to become asymmetrical, this causing the plasma to move away from the geometrical center [6]. Regarding the conical arrays studied in this work, a low electronic density region was initially observed, which was located between two high density regions, similar to what has been observed in stellar phenomena like the Herbig-Haro objects [7]. However, subsequent simulations, with resolution increased by a factor of 2,5,have disproved this supposition.The second main aspect of this work shows how undermassed aluminium wire configurations can be used for accurate control of plasma dynamics, by modifying the governing magnetic field topology of the system. This leads to an acceptable method for controlling the direction and velocity of the plasma precursor within a time period similar to the associated pulsed power generator rise time [6,8,9].
Parametrización y aplicación de un potencial de muchos cuerpos y transferencia de carga para Fe y FeF2
(2017) Tangarife Franco, Edwin; Mejía López, José Félix; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Las simulaciones computacionales a nivel atómico juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo, diseño y optimización de materiales, así como en la comprensión de sus propiedades estructurales, físicas y químicas. Los mejores enfoques que actualmente existen para describir las interacciones atómicas se basan en las descripciones mecánico-cuánticas, pero son computacionalmente muy costosas y su aplicación generalmente se limita a situaciones en las que el número de átomos es pequeño. Para estudiar sistemas de mayor tamaño se utilizan descripciones empíricas como el potencial COMB (carga optimizada de muchos cuerpos) que describe la interacción de átomos cargados, tomando en cuenta la posible transferencia de carga. Esto es importante principalmente en el estudio de sistemas iónicos, como los óxidos y los halogenuros, cuando se quiere investigar sus notables propiedades como catalizadores, disolventes, refrigerantes, etc. En el caso particular del Fluoruro de Hierro (FeF2), un sistema iónico antiferromagnético, ha sido usado también para la investigación básica del fenómeno de exchange bias en acoplamiento con un ferromagneto como el hierro (Fe). Este fenómeno depende fuertemente de la estructura geométrica y magnética de la interfaz generada en el acoplamiento del FeF2 y el Fe, cuya información no es fácil de obtener desde medidas experimentales. A nivel atómico este acoplamiento puede modificar la distribución de carga de las superficies de cada uno de los materiales en contacto, así como también podría tener migración de átomos de la superficie Fe a la superficie de FeF2, generando una magnetización no compensada que es necesaria para obtener el efecto de anisotropía unidireccional responsable del fenómeno de exchange bias. Por lo tanto, para simular estos sistemas a través de Monte Carlo o simulaciones de dinámica molecular, es importante considerar la transferencia de carga en el potencial de interacción utilizado para describir el sistema. En este trabajo se propone una parametrización para el potencial COMB, aplicados a sistemas compuestos por Fluoruro de Hierro y Hierro metálico (FeF2/Fe). El potencial empírico toma en cuenta los efectos de la transferencia de carga y las interacciones de muchos cuerpos dependientes del ambiente químico local que experimentan los átomos. El potencial es parametrizado pormedio de propiedades experimentales reportadas y/o calculadas desde primeros principios de las fases estables para Fe y FeF2 como: energía de disociación para moléculas de Fluor neutra F2 e ionizada F2−1, parámetros de red para el estado fundamental Fe y FeF2 y constantes elásticas. Esta parametrización es probada con simulaciones de dinámica molecular sobre estructuras macroscópicas cristalinas, superficies, nanopartículas y agregados atómicos. Principalmente se realiza un detallado estudio de la interfaz de FeF2/Fe, mostrando que existe difusión atómica desde el material antiferromagnético (FeF2) hacia el material ferromagnético (Fe). El tamaño de la interfaz obtenida es de 1.4 nm y se observa una fase amorfa que es activada por el proceso de disminución de la temperatura desde 1500K hasta 10K.
Wetting properties of n-alkane thin films to understand the adherence mechanism of artificial membranes on silicon substrates
(2017) Díaz Díaz, Diego Ignacio; Volkmann, Ulrich; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
In this work we present a study of the wetting properties of silicon samples coated with a single layer of n-alkane molecules that self-assemble perpendicular to the surface.The types of molecules studied here are n-alkane chains, mainly n-dotriacontane (n-C32 H66), that were deposited on silicon substrates with a thin native silicon oxidelayer (15˚A). The thin films were prepared by Dip-Coating technique in a C32 H66/n-heptane solution. The techniques used to characterize these films are Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In this research a contact angle setup was developed to measure wettability of submonolayer films. An influence of morphology and coverage on the contact angle was found. Moreover, alkane molecules migrate much like a reverse coffee-ring effect after drop evaporation, forming complex tail-like morphologies.This research is relevant to understand alkane adhesion on silicon substrates, which is related with artificial membrane fabrication, which are used for biosensors applications. Micro-structured pattern like stripes could be applied as templates for other materials, especially considering the possibility of creating homogeneous surfaces with nanometer thick films.
Individual breast dosimetry for mammographic exams : a back-projection approach
(2017) Rioseco Mora, Camila Belén; Sánchez Nieto, Beatriz; Dörner Yaksic, Edgardo Andrés; Häring, Peter; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
The aim of this project is to propose and validate a procedure for estimating a dose at the axial plane of the breast in patients under mammographic exposure by means of electronic portal imaging device (EPID) dosimetry. In vivo transit dosimetry consists of measuring the transmitted radiation through the breast with an EPID, and then back-projecting the fluence through the same volume in order to reconstruct the dose at a certain plane. The methodology relies on the fact that from individual beam attenuation information, is possible to estimate dose deposition in the mammary gland. Beam attenuation was calculated from the exit and entrance fluence. Monte Carlo simulation of the entrance fluence was computed for three beam qualities. Exit fluence is calculated for each case, by deconvolution of the EPID image with previously determined composite kernel. A complete model (i.e., X-ray tube, breast compression paddle, different breast thickness and detector) of the GE Senograph Essential with Tomosynthesis device, was simulated with EGSnrc. Specific codes as BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc were used for beam and detector simulations, respectively. Three different beam qualities were simulated (only for 2D conventional mammography image acquisition) and additionally, and in-house graphical user interphase MATLAB1 program “BreDose” was designed to estimate doses at an axial mid-plane of the breast from the EPID images.
Optical surface monitoring and pillow positioning configuration for complex system's set-up
(2017) Loreto Javiera Godoy Solís; Häring, Peter, 1965-; Sánchez Nieto, Beatriz; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Optical Surface Monitoring and Pillow Positioning Configuration for Complex System’s Set-Up: Aligning the patient’s target volume, isocenter and OARs with the linac’s isocenter can be done using certain immobilization device and imaging to adapt therapy if any variation of the tumor or patient’s body has occurred. In this investigation, a configuration of 10 pillows and Vision RT were employed to positioning the patient while it was checked by CBCT. The results show that for non-coplanar fields, Vision RT is accurate enough, with shifts less than 1º and 1mm. 4 pillows in a wedge under the head show an accurate position in the rotational axis (lessthan 1º) comparing with Vision RT and the off-set values given by the CBCT, although more pillows should be necessary for thorax and pelvis plans, since the differences between both methods are in average of 5 mm and 10º. Since the image registration was made manually, there are difference between 2 CBCTs of 6 mm and 5º in average in each plan, around the same magnitude than the difference between the two methods, so the differences might be due to the fact that Vision RT matches surfaces and CBCT matches the target volume, and because the manual image registration is involved with a human error
Fotodetección mediante interferometría y sintonización termomecánica de láseres.
(2017) Godoy Montecinos, Sergio Juan Pablo; Wallentowitz, Sascha; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Esta tesis esta constituida por trabajos que se pueden agrupar en dos partes. La primera es sobre usos de un montaje homodino para hacer interferometría óptica, donde se presenta una medición de anticorrelaciones entre las fotodetecciones de las salidas de un separador de haces con reflexiones internas, utilizando una fuente de luz de estado coherente, y trabajos sobre como obtener la fotoestadística de una señal óptica utilizando un sistema homodino de interferometría. En la segunda parte se presenta la construcción de un láser de cavidad externa cuya frecuencia es sintonizable por medio de un control de temperatura.
Caracterización de propiedades clásicas y cuánticas de pulsos de femtosegundos
(2017) Rojas Aedo, Ricardo; Seifert, Birger; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Este informe de tesis versa sobre propuestas hacia la caracterización de las propiedades clásicas y cuánticas de pulsos de femtosegundos, que en principio pueden ser expandidas a pocos pico segundosy a atto segundos, al menos en su sentido conceptual. El texto principalmente analizará en detalle el método de caracterización de propiedades clásicas de pulsos, basado en la mezcla no lineal de diferentes trenes pulsados, llamado FROG, reinterpretando el campo mezcla, desde una perspectiva clásica, donde se desarrolla una nueva técnica de caracterización analítica y no interferométrica llamada “VAMPIRE analítico” , y otra perspectiva cuántica, donde surge una propuesta para el análisis de las propiedades cuánticas internas de pulsos haciendo uso de esquemas tipo FROG . Por completitud en la última línea, además se comentará como generar estados cuánticos interesantes (no-coherentes), y los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente en el laboratorio, con pulsos de femtosegundos utilizando fibras ópticas.
Asirunaka: Generador de Potencia Pulsada de Doble Pulso Dedicado a Plasmas de Explosión de Alambres y Formación de Nanopartículas
(2017) Masoliver Aguirre, Pavel; Bhuyan, Heman; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Gas adsorption properties of complex copper oxides
(2017) Rojas de la Fuente, Susana Dennis; Cabrera, Alejandro Leopoldo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Highly epitaxial films of CuFeO2 and CuFe0.75Ga0.25O2 were grown by pulsed laserdeposition (PLD) from stoichiometric targets over Al2O3 (001) substrate undercontrolled partial pressure of oxygen as carrier gas. Resulting films were highly orientedin c-axis direction.Structural properties of samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), optical transmittance and diffuse reflectance. This characterization techniques confirmed the rhombohedral Delafossite crystal structure for both kind of samples and CuFe0.75Ga0.25O2 samples were formed by an alloy between CuFeO2 and CuGaO2 Delafossite materials. Using optical transmittance and diffuse reflectance, the optical transitions were estimated by using theTauc method. Direct optical transitions were measured at 1.28±0.02 eV and 2.20±0.05eV for pure CuFeO2 samples and for CuFe0.75Ga0.25O2 were measured at 1.50±0.04 eVand 2.30±0.09 eV, plots showed another higher transition near 3 eV but due to technical limitations this gap cannot be clearly determined. Adsorption of CO2 and H2O was studied via thermal programmed desorption technique. In both films Copper and Iron were present at the surface, and consequently formed part of the surface-gas interface. X-ray photoelectron data indicated that CO2 is adsorbed preferentially at copper sites forming a similar coordination to CuCO3. The energy for desorption of CO2 and H2O was estimated to be 1.0±0.8 eV/molecule for CuFeO2 and0.7±0.4 eV/molecule for CuFe0.75Ga0.25O2. Also, it was possible to correlate second order desorption with a CO2 reduction reaction. Copper Delafossite materials studied in this work showed some catalytic activity in good agreement with the literature. Future work in this field would involve synthesis of a wider variety of CuFe1-xGaxO2 samples in order to get a better idea of the influence ofiron substitution for gallium in the Delafossite structure. Also, for a better understanding of the relationship between adsorption properties and catalytic behavior some futurework regarding electrical and electrochemical properties is proposed
Force spectroscopy of a saxitoxin bindingaptamer
(2017) Figueroa Leigh, Nataniel; Maze Ríos, Jerónimo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Over the last decades optical tweezers have enabled the exploration of pico-Newton forces involved in several single-molecule mechanisms relevant in important biological systems (ie. DNA-folding and molecular motors). This has lead to a new understanding of the mechanical nature of the interactions occuring between biologicaly-relevant molecules. Here, in this thesis we used optical tweezers to study the folding/unfolding dynamics of the Handy-aptamer, a single-stranded-DNA molecule with high affinity for saxitoxin, a potent neurotoxin that is present in red tide algal blooms. This is the cause of substantial economic damage to the shellfish industry. To perform the pulling experiments, we developed a method to chemically attach the Handy-aptamerin between two double-stranded-DNA handles, which themselves were attached tomicron-sized polystyrene beads that were manipulated using the optical tweezers and a micropipette. From the pulling experiments we observed sharp folding/unfolding transitions. None the less, the transition between these states was observed to be erraticand time-dependent, exhibiting changes in sharpness and rate of occurence. Weattempted to stabilize the structure of the aptamer by adding Mg+2 and saxitoxin, both giving similar results; making the rip (sudden transition in extension) force histograms narrower and less abudant at higher forces; implying structure stabilization.These results have been the first steps towards characterizing the folding properties of the Handy-aptamer and identifying the properties that make it bind to saxitoxin.This would prove useful to develop better saxitoxin identifiers and sensors that would have lower toxin surveying costs and prevent deaths.
Deviations of the leptonic branching ratios of the heavy Higgs in the MSSM with broken R-parity
(2018) Méndez Leiva, Andrés; Díaz, Marco A.; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
We performed a phenomenological study of the leptonic decay modes of a heavy Higgs in a supersymmetric scenario which we called the ϵλ-MSSM, in which we added ϵ-bilinear and λ-trilinear terms to break R-parity explicitly, constrained by the most recent neutrino experimental data. In particular, we explored the possibilityof decreasing the coupling associated to the τ τ mode, in order to reduce the large number of events predicted by other typical R-parity conserving (RpC) models to justify the non-observation of any heavy scalar resonance, while opening regions of the parameter space which were previously excluded. We also study the possibility of enhancing the µµ mode due to its importance in future experimental searches. We found that even with a loose cosmological bound given by the sum of the neutrino masses, the deviations for the τ τ mode are smaller than a 1%, while for the µµ mode it can be up to 50%. However, once we constrained our parameters to reproduce the most recent neutrino observables associated with neutrino oscillation, we found that the deviations attained in each mode are extremely small, leading to deviations of ∼ 0.0001% for the µµ mode and ∼ 0.0000000001% for the τ τ model, making the ϵλ-MSSM indistinguishable from the RpC-MSSM case in the leptonic channels.
Feasibility study : use of cine-MRI in MR-guided particle therapy
(2018) Sepúlveda Muñoz, César; Pfaffenberger, Asja; Sánchez Nieto, Beatriz; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Cinematic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cine-MRI) are fast time-resolved 2D MRI sequences that allow online visualization of organ motion without exposing patients to ionizing radiation. In this study, the potential of cine-MRI for the definition of animage-based gating criterion in particle therapy of pancreatic cancer is investigated. Transversal cine-MRI are employed to segment the pancreas, since they can provide information on tissue changes in the beam-path during delivery. Volunteer data were acquired on 10 different acquisition days. An image-based gating window was defined based on the breathing-curve (BC) of the first day (end-exhale breathing phase ±30%). The superposition of the pancreas segmentations in this window was calculated. For other days of data acquisition, the agreement with this initial superposition contour was evaluated by using different segmentation image similarity metrics. Additionally, a motion analysis of the pancreas was performed. From the metrics comparisons, a gating criterion was defined to establish when irradiation can be allowed. An evaluation of the dosimetric differences due to differences in the segmentations achieving the criterion and the spatial location of the organs was carried out for a proton treatment. Although the method applied was subjected to several limitations, it was proved to be feasible.
Atomic force microscopy study of elastic properties of vapor-phase-deposited lipid membranes
(2018) Catalán López, Rodrigo Esteban; Volkmann, Ulrich; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
In this work we present a study of phase transitions and their relation with the elastic properties of three phospholipid membranes, namely 1,2-dimyristoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). Samples were generated individually by physical-vapor-deposition of the lipid molecules mentioned over acid-cleaned polished silicon chips. The thickness of the samples were measured with Very High Resolution Ellipsometry. Average thickness are 60˚Athickness on average. The molecular consistency of the lipids were characterized using Raman spectroscopy. The Young’s modulus of the lipid membranes was obtained applying the Hertz model to data acquired with Atomic Force Microscopy in Quantitative Imaging feedback mode. Finally, the individual dependence of these lipids respect to temperature changes was used to detect the main gel-to fluid phase transition.The results in the present work show an expected softening of the lipid membranes just after the main phase transition, although the values of the elastic modulus found do not match the ones reported in the literature. However, the general trends correlate well with the ones found in other works. Nevertheless,systematic investigations using similar conditions as ours are still scarce.The acquisition of information related to the elastic properties and stability of the membranes is relevant for future works on protein insertion, and to understand the lipid membranes dependance on several other environmental conditions like changes in temperature, pH-dependence or ionic strength concentration.
Quantum sensing using NV centers in diamond
(2018) González Brouwer, Raúl, Manuel; Maze Ríos, Jerónimo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
This thesis is focused on understanding the interaction of nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect in diamond with its environment as well as its applications in nanotechnology and biophysics. First, we study the hyperfine interaction due to nearby 13C carbon and 15N nitrogen isotopes in the vicinity of the Level Anti-Crossing (LAC), we propose an experimental method at room temperature free of microwave, in which it is possible to find the sign of the Fermi contact term, using the coupling between nuclear spins 1/2 and electronic spin 1. For this, a three-dimensional coil system was constructed to study the fluorescence close to the LAC. Second we describe an experiment in order to use the NV center as a sensor for chemical reactions, in specific to measure the pH and relate it’s macroscopic measurement with experiments like Ramsey interferometry and change in the spectrum, in order to observe changes on the charge state and T∗2 . Finally, we show a way to functionalize a nanodiamond hosting a NV defect, and use it as a biomarker for amyloid β, an Alzheimer desease related compound. We show that using this functionalized nanodiamonds might enable the development of longer experiments in biophysics due to the photostability of the NV defect compared to regular biomarkers that are widely used in biology. This works paves the way for performing unltrasensitive and reliable detection of cells involved in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer desease.This thesis is focused on understanding the interaction of nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect in diamond with its environment as well as its applications in nanotechnology and biophysics. First, we study the hyperfine interaction due to nearby 13C carbon and 15N nitrogen isotopes in the vicinity of the Level Anti-Crossing (LAC), we propose an experimental method at room temperature free of microwave, in which it is possible to find the sign of the Fermi contact term, using the coupling between nuclear spins 1/2 and electronic spin 1. For this, a three-dimensional coil system was constructed to study the fluorescence close to the LAC. Second we describe an experiment in order to use the NV center as a sensor for chemical reactions, in specific to measure the pH and relate it’s macroscopic measurement with experiments like Ramsey interferometry and change in the spectrum, in order to observe changes on the charge state and T∗2 . Finally, we show a way to functionalize a nanodiamond hosting a NV defect, and use it as a biomarker for amyloid β, an Alzheimer desease related compound. We show that using this functionalized nanodiamonds might enable the development of longer experiments in biophysics due to the photostability of the NV defect compared to regular biomarkers that are widely used in biology. This works paves the way for performing unltrasensitive and reliable detection of cells involved in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer desease.
Evaluación de algoritmos comerciales de cálculo de dosis absorbida de fotones en regiones fuera del campo de tratamiento
(2018) Medina Ascanio, Karem Nathalie; Sánchez Nieto, Beatriz; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Los algoritmos presentes en los Sistemas de Planificación están optimizados para entregar una dosis veraz y precisa dentro de los límites del campo de tratamiento. Fuera de este, se ha demostrado una inexactitud que depende del algoritmo particular. Este estudio analiza, por medio de medidas experimentales, la exactitud de la dosis fuera del campo de dos algoritmos semianalíticos, Pencil Beam Convolution y Collapsed Cone Convolution, implementados en dos Sistemas de Planificación comerciales EclipseTM (Varian Medical System) y Monaco® (Elekta) respectivamente, así como también, el algoritmo de cálculo de dosis basado en métodos de Monte Carlo implementado en Monaco®. Tanto los cálculos con los Sistemas de Planificación, como las determinaciones experimentales de las dosis se realizaron en medios homogéneos (agua) para diferentes configuraciones de campos convencionales y para una distribución de dosis de un plan real de IMRT de próstata. Las determinaciones experimentales se llevaron a cabo con TLDs-100, películas radiocrómicas EBT3 ycámara de ionización Semiflex. Los resultados obtenidos al comparar perfiles dedosis laterales de campos abiertos calculados por los algoritmos respecto a los medidos experimentalmente muestran que, a partir del 9% de la dosis los cálculos realizados por el algoritmo Pencil Beam subestiman la dosis real en un promedio de 53%. Mientras que, se obtuvo un buen acuerdo con los cálculos realizados por el algoritmo Collapsed Cone, con una desviación local promedio de aproximadamente 2,5%. En el caso del algoritmo Monte Carlo, de los resultados obtenidos no se puede inferir ninguna conclusión ya que cálculos de este tipo (conformados) donde se logra la dosis deseada con una incertidumbre de 1% en un punto (generalmente el isocentro), emplean pocas partículas para lograr dicha incertidumbre y, por lo tanto, el ruido estadístico se hace significativo. Con respecto al desempeño de los algoritmos Pencil Beam y Monte Carlo en el caso de un plan clínico de irradiación de próstata en relación a la medida experimental con EBT3, al hacer un análisis gamma local (3% - 3 mm) ambos algoritmos fallaron en regiones de dosis bajas (> 5%), siendo el algoritmo MC el que obtuvo la mayor cantidad de puntos que no pasaron el criterio gamma, mientras que, Pencil Beam fue el que arrojo mayor imprecisión en regiones de dosis altas (para lo cual es análisis gamma fue global, respecto al máximo).
Predictors for radiation-induced xerostomia and their reliability considering random setup errors and parotid gland migration
(2018) Astaburuaga García, Rosario; Bangert, Mark; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
A dynamic nonlinear coupled differential equations model of tumor growth and response to radiotherapy
(2018) Ortiz Guzmán, Valentina; Gago Arias, Araceli; Espinoza Bornscheuer, Ignacio Guillermo; Karger, Christian; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Evaluación dosimétrica de tratamientos con Leksell gamma knife en presencia de inhomogeneidades
(2018) Elgueda Farías, Susan Pamela; Caprile Etchart, Paola F.; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física
Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de auditoría para dosimetría absoluta con alanina y TLD en centros de radioterapia chilenos
(2018) Faúndez Cifuentes, Daniel; Gago Arias, Araceli; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física

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