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- ItemPsychosocial stress affects attentional control and neural oscillatory activity(2015) Palacios García, Ismael; Villena González, Mario; Campos Arteaga, German; Artigas Vergara, Claudio; Jaramillo, Karina; Silva, Jaime; Rodríguez, EugenioEvery day we have to divide our limited attentional resources into different external and internal demands. Considering that psychosocial stress promotes the allocation of attentional resources to threat-related stimuli such as the social evaluation, the aim of the study is (1) to investigate if psychosocial stress affects the behavioral performance in an attentional shifting task and (2) to search, under an exploratory approach, some of its neural correlates. 40 healthy participants were exposed to either an electroencephalogram-compatible version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or a control protocol. Additionally, immediately before and after these protocols, subject participated in the attentional shifting task. Manipulation checks were verified through the changes of the heart rate, salivary concentration of cortisol and the score in the anxiety scale in the “stress” condition respect the control. When we compared the behavioral performance in the attentional task prior and after both conditions, we found that the control group showed a clear improvement in performance, characterized by a relative increase of correct trials and a decrease of omissions. Analogously, after the TSST, participants showed a decreases of the correct trials and an increase of omissions. In addition to behavioral results, we found that the oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and gamma bands (30–70 Hz) were different in both conditions. Behavioral and electrophysiological results, suggest that psychosocial stress directs the attention internally, limiting the attentional resources for attending the external demands and inducing cognitive failures.
- Item805 Complications of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in 85,391 Procedures(Mosby-Elsevier, 2012) Espino Espino, Alberto Antonio; García Astorquiza, Ximena Andrea; Mac Namara, Macarena; Richter Roca, Hugo Michael; Pimentel Muller, Fernando; Biel Morales, Francisco Javier; Robles García, Camila Fernanda; Callejas, Matías F.; Sharp Pittet, Allan Carlos; Donoso, Andrés; Candia Balboa, Roberto Andrés; González Donoso, Robinson; Jarufe Cassis, Nicolás; Arrese, Marco; Álvarez Lobos, Manuel; Padilla Pérez, OslandoBackground: Complications are inherent to GI endoscopy (GIE) and do not necessarily imply endoscopist's negligence. They may occur even using highest standards of practice. Objectives: To analyze the frequency and severity of complications occurring within 30 days after of the GIE at a single university hospital in Chile. Methods: We reviewed the records about patients who underwent GIE from January 2001 through May 2011. Results: A total of 85,391 GIE were evaluated. Procedures: 46,928 (55%) esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD); 27,993 (32.8%) diagnostic colonoscopies; 1427 (1.7%) polypectomies; and other procedures (hemostasis, variceal band ligation (VBL), foreign-body removal, dilation, stents, PEG, ERCP, EUS and double balloon endoscopy) 9043 (10.5%). A total of 299 complications were associated with GIE (59 % female, mean age 63 years, range 5 - 99). The overall complications rate was 0.35% (cardiopulmonary (CP) 0.1%, bleeding 0.07%, perforation 0.06%, infection 0.04%, pancreatitis 0.03% and other). The overall complication rate was higher in therapeutic procedures (TP) vs diagnostic procedures (DP) (2.7% v/s 0.16%, p<0.0001). The percentage of severe complications was higher in TP vs DP (52.3% vs 28.4%, p<0.0001). The overall complication rate for EGD was 0.14% (CP 0.07%, perforation 0.017%, bleeding 0.019%); diagnostic colonoscopy, 0.27% (CP 0.1%, perforation 0.06%, bleeding 0.02%); and polypectomy, 1.8% (CP 0.14%, perforation 0.28%, bleeding 0.98%). A total of 15 deaths occurred (overall rate 0.018%, 83% in TP). The overall mortality rate was higher in TP vs DP (0.2% v/s 0.003%, p<0.0001). The mortality rate for PEG was 0.7%; VBL 0.4%; ERCP 0.2%; diagnostic colonoscopy 0.004%; EGD 0.004%; and polypectomy 0%. Conclusions: GIE is associated with complications and mortality. The severity and risk of complications are higher in therapeutic procedures. These risks should be clearly explained to patients and their family before the procedure.
- ItemExploring the Effects of Applying Learning Analytics for Teaching Procedural Skills in Health Sciences Education(2021) Villagrán I.© 2021 ACM.In Health Science Education (HSE), students must demonstrate technical skills in many procedures. However, traditional teaching methodologies limit the possibilities for personalized feedback from an instructor and generally do not allow students to achieve the required proficiency levels. Concerning this, technology has been installed as a learning resource with numerous benefits that allow new multidisciplinary lines of research, such as learning analytics (LA) and educational data mining (EDM). Both LA and EDM seek to improve educational practice based on the intensive use of educational data, such as analyzing online learning patterns, creating performance predictions, and incorporating artificial intelligence techniques. There is a range of possibilities in applying LA and EDM in teaching procedural skills that have not yet been explored. For this reason, this study aims to answer (1) How the educational data explain the development of procedural skills in virtual environments to support the teaching-learning process in Health Science Education?; and (2) How automatic feedback and adaptive personalization affect the performance and instructional design of the procedural skills learning process of health science students? We expect that this study contributes to the field of technical skills learning mediated by technology in higher education by using the data provided by the interaction of students with virtual resources to support educational decision-making and optimize the teaching and learning processes in HSE.
- ItemAdaptation process of multimodal books for deaf people(2017) Veliz, Soledad; Espinoza, Victoria; Sauvalle, Ignacia; Arroyo, Rodrigo; Garolera, Marion; Aviles, FP; Sanchez, R; Bykbaev, VR; Guerra, PIIn this study, we present the systematized results of the experience of adapting three multimodal digital books for deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) children and young people. A five-phase methodology is proposed and challenges, problems and possible solutions are put forward. It is expected that the systematization results useful for other educative resources teams developing fot D/HH children and young people.
- ItemImpact of Awake Prone Positioning on Inspiratory Effort and Work of Breathing. A Physiological Study in Healthy Subjects(American Thoracic Society, 2022) Damiani Rebolledo, L. Felipe; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Bachmann Barrón, María Consuelo; Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Acuña, V.; Díaz, G.; Mella, J.; García Valdés, Patricio Hernán; Moya Gallardo, Eduardo Sebastián; Villarroel, G.; Retamal Montes, Jaime; Bugedo Tarraza, Guillermo; Bruhn, Alejandro