Artículos de revistas
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Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.
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Browsing Artículos de revistas by browse.metadata.fuente "Historial Académico"
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- ItemA Comprehensive Review of the Natural History of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Children(2000) Harris Diez, Paul Richard; Atherton, J; Gold, B; Goodman, K; Guarner, J; Madrazo de la Garza, A; Muñoz, O; Pérez-Pérez, G; Torres, J
- ItemAccesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos según movilidad y modos de transporte en una ciudad media, Los Ángeles, Chile(2019) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Martínez Bascuñán, Marcela; De la Fuente Contreras, Helen; Schäfer Faulbaum, Andrés; Aguilera Saéz, Felipe; Fuentes Mella, Gloria; Peyrín Fuentes, Consuelo; Carrasco Montagna Cruz, JuanLa relación entre distribución de equipamientos y servicios en sus diferentes ni-veles de accesibilidad según modos de transporte, muestra una serie de patrones espaciales de movilidad en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile). El estudio analiza la accesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos en modos de transporte, mediante una serie indicadores cuantitativos, utilizando análisis de redes. Se emplean datos de viajes en modos de transporte privado, público y caminata, de la encuesta Origen-Destino (2004). Los resultados evidencian diferencias en la accesibilidad entre el centro y periferia de Los Ángeles. De hecho, la población del centro tiene alta acce-sibilidad, concentrando las mayores y mejores oportunidades. En contraste, la po-blación periférica en crecimiento que, en su mayoría, viaja largas distancias para acceder, especialmente en caminata. Este análisis contribuye a discutir sobre las implicancias de las oportunidades y el papel del transporte en la movilidad de ciu-dades medias de Latinoamérica con un centro preponderante.
- ItemAdaptación de la Escala Atribucional de Motivación de Logro de Manassero y Vázquez(2009) Morales Bueno, Emma Patricia; Gómez Nocetti, VivianaEn el presente artículo se reportan los resultados del estudio de validez de constructo y fiabilidad de una Escala Atribucional de Motivación de Logro (EAML), adaptada para su aplicación en contextos educativos universitarios, en los cuales se implementan estrategias de aprendizaje colaborativo. En la nueva escala (EAML-M) se reemplazó la dimensión original de Motivación de Competencia del Profesor por la dimensión Motivación de Interacción, en la cual se incorporaron aspectos relacionados con la percepción del estudiante acerca de la influencia de la interacción con sus pares y el profesor, en un contexto de aprendizaje colaborativo. La escala fue aplicada con estudiantes peruanos de primer año de ingeniería, pertenecientes a un curso que implementa la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP). Los resultados del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio permiten identificar seis dimensiones en la nueva escala. La confiabilidad estimada es buena (α: 0,9026). Adicionalmente, el perfil dimensional obtenido muestra características que pueden orientar futuras investigaciones en esta línea.
- ItemAdvances in understanding respiratory syncytial virus infection in airway epithelial cells and consequential effects on the immune response(2013) Bueno Ramírez, Susan Marcela; Cespedes Donoso, Pablo Francisco; González, Pablo A.; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Lay Remolcoi, Margarita Kam-len; León, Miguel A.; Riedel Soria, ClaudiaThis article reviews aspects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in airway epithelial cells (AECs), including cytopathogenesis, entry, replication and the induction of immune response to the virus, including a new role for thymic stromal lymphopoietin in RSV immunopathology. (C) 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
- ItemAFM Study of Elastic Module of Physical-Vapor-Deposited Phospholipid Membranes(2018) Volkmann, Ulrich Georg; Catalán López, Rodrigo Esteban; Retamal Ponce, María José; Cisternas Fruns, Marcelo Andrés; Moraga Vent, Nicolás Andrés; Díaz Díaz, Diego Ignacio; Corrales, Tomás P.; Pérez-Acle, Tomás; Soto Arriaza, Marco Antonio; Huber, PatrickThe physical study of artificial phospholipid membranes on solid substrates has become a relevant way to gain insights into the physical behavior of cell membranes. The study of mechanical properties of artificial membranes (lab-made) has become possible with the use of atomic force microscopy. Here, we analyze the Young's modulus and adhesion force of several phospholipidic membranes as a function of temperature using Scanning Force Spectroscopy (SFS). Phospholipids were deposited onto double-polished silicon substrates by physical vapor deposition (PVD), as we have recently reported [1, 2]. We have used Raman spectroscopy to show that the chemical structure of our deposited phospholipid remains unaltered after PVD. After PVD we performed AFM and SFS measurements on the following phospholipids: DPPC, DMPC and DSPC. Measurements using AFM in liquid confirm the self-assembly of the phospholipid bilayer. By using SFS of the deposited membrane in liquid, we observe 2 phase transitions, both in Younǵs Modulus, as well as adhesion channels. The measured phase transitions are consistent with the ripple-gel transition and the gel-liquid crystalline phases. Furthermore, we have studied the frequency dependence of these phase transitions by changing the tip velocity in SFS experiments. Supported by FONDECYT grant # 1141105 (UGV), FONDECYT INICIACION grant # 11160664 (TPC), CONICYT Fellowships (RC and MC), Postdoctoral Fellowship FONDECYT 3160803 (MJR) and CONICYT-PIA ACT 1409. [1] María J. Retamal, Marcelo A. Cisternas, Sebastian E. Gutierrez-Maldonado, Tomas Perez-Acle, Birger Seifert, Mark Busch, Patrick Huber and Ulrich G. Volkmann, J. Chem. Phys. 141, 104201 (2014). [2] María Jose Retamal, Tomas P. Corrales, Marcelo A. Cisternas, Nicolas H. Moraga, Diego I. Diaz, Rodrigo E. Catalan, Birger Seifert, Patrick Huber, and Ulrich G. Volkmann. Biomacromolecules 17 (3), 1142 (2016).
- ItemAnálisis de la enunciación: distinciones operativas para un análisis dialógico del discurso(2007) Larraín, Antonia; Medina Morales, LorenaEl análisis de la enunciación, entendido como un tipo de análisis del discurso que concibe el discurso como siempre marcado subjetivamente, representa para las humanidades, y específicamente par la psicología, una herramienta de gran valor. No obstante lo anterior, este tipo de análisis carece de cohesión y consenso, permaneciendo como un conjunto de planteamientos aislados. Por otro lado, es un tipo de análisis escasamente difundido y poco conocido en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. Con el fin de difundir este tipo de herramienta, el presente artículo propone un modelo de análisis (categorías y procedimientos), frutos de la discusión e integración del trabajo de sus principales exponentes: Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1993) y Ducrot (1986).
- ItemAntithrombotic treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors in acute childhood-onset arterial ischemic stroke: a multicentre, observational, cohort study(2009) Hernández Chávez, Marta Isabel; Goldenberg, Neil A.; Bernard, Timothy J.; Fullerton, Heather; Gordon, Anne; Veber, Gabrielle de; International Pediatric Stroke Study Group
- ItemÁrboles viejos y muertos en pie: un recurso vital para la fauna del bosque templado de Chile(2012) Altamirano Oyarzún, Tomás Alberto; Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Martin, Kathy; Bonacic Salas, Cristián
- ItemBCG-induced cross-protection and development of trained immunity: implication for vaccine design(2019) Covián, Camila; Fernández Fierro, Ayleen Lorena; Retamal Díaz, Angello Ricardo; Díaz Acevedo, Fabián Esteban; Vásquez Veloso, Abel; Lay Remolcoi, Margarita Kam-len; Riedel Soria, Claudia; González Muñoz, Pablo Alberto; Bueno Ramírez, Susan; Kalergis Parra, Alexis MikesThe Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to the target disease. Vaccination with BCG reduces mortality in newborns and induces an improved innate immune response against microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Innate immune cells, including monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, contribute to this non-specific immune protection in a way that is independent of memory T or B cells. This phenomenon associated with a memory-like response in innate immune cells is known as "trained immunity." Epigenetic reprogramming through histone modification in the regulatory elements of particular genes has been reported as one of the mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity in both, humans and mice. Indeed, it has been shown that BCG vaccination induces changes in the methylation pattern of histones associated with specific genes in circulating monocytes leading to a "trained" state. Importantly, these modifications can lead to the expression and/or repression of genes that are related to increased protection against secondary infections after vaccination, with improved pathogen recognition and faster inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss BCG-induced cross-protection and acquisition of trained immunity and potential heterologous effects of recombinant BCG vaccines.
- ItemBio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review(2019) Charbe, N.; Zacconi, Flavia C. M.; Amnerkar, N.; Murtaza, R.; Tambuwala, M.; Clementi, E.Background: Several clinical trials, as well as observational statistics, have exhibited that the advantages of antiretroviral [ARV] treatment for humans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS exceed their risks. Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] plays a key role in optimization of ARV therapy. Determination of ARV's in plasma, blood cells, and other biological matrices frequently requires separation techniques capable of high effectiveness, specific selectivity and high sensitivity. High-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] coupled with ultraviolet [UV], Photodiode array detectors [PDA], Mass spectrophotometer [MS] detectors etc. are the important quantitative techniques used for the estimation of pharmaceuticals in biological samples. Objective: This review article is aimed to give an extensive outline of different bio-analytical techniques which have been reported for direct quantitation of ARV's. This article aimed to establish an efficient role played by the TDM in the optimum therapeutic outcome of the ARV treatment. It also focused on establishing the prominent role played by the separation techniques like HPLC and UPLC along with the detectors like UV and Mass in TDM. Methods: TDM is based on the principle that for certain drugs, a close relationship exists between the plasma level of the drug and its clinical effect. TDM is of no value if the relationship does not exist. The analytical methodology employed in TDM should: 1) distinguish similar compounds; 2) be sensitive and precise and 3) is easy to use Results: This review highlights the advancement of the chromatographic techniques beginning from the HPLC-UV to the more advanced technique like UPLC-MS/MS. TDM is essential to ensure adherence, observe viral resistance and to personalize ARV dose regimens. It is observed that the analytical methods like immunoassays and liquid chromatography with detectors like UV, PDA, Florescent, MS, MS/MS and Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS have immensely contributed to the clinical outcome of the ARV therapy. Assay methods are not only helping physicians in limiting the side effects and drug interactions but also assisting in monitoring patient's compliance. Conclusion: The present review revealed that HPLC has been the most widely used system irrespective of the availability of more sensitive chromatographic technique like UPLC.
- ItemBioactive compounds in Apis mellifera monofloral honeys(2021) Viteri Espinoza, Rafael Antonio; Zacconi, Flavia C. M.; Montenegro Rizzardini, Gloria; Giordano Villatoro, Ady IvethHoney is a natural product with a sweet flavor. Honey is made by the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) from the nectar of flowers or other plant secretions that are collected near the hive. These products are mixed with bee saliva and stored. Several studies have demonstrated that honey exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, nematicidal, antifungal, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. These properties are influenced by the plants from which the secretions are harvested, from the naturally occurring compounds present in the nectar. Studies of the properties and applications of honey have distinguished honey from other natural products due to the presence of certain compounds and due its bioactive properties. The focus of this review is to discuss the identified and isolated compounds from monofloral honey produced by A. mellifera, with specific emphasis on antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of honey and its therapeutic health benefits.
- ItemBiocatalysts(2013) Zacconi, Flavia C. M.; Arias, Hugo R.
- ItemBy all necessary means? Emerging powers and the use of force in peacekeeping(2020) Duarte Villa, Rafael; Jenne, NicoleEmerging powers from the global south have generally opposed the use of force in international politics. However, taking a closer look at the area of peacekeeping, the international community’s most institutionalized response to international insecurity, it is clear that the global south has been actively engaged in what has been described as peacekeeping’s coercive turn: the increasingly greater use of force. Building on the cases of Brazil and Indonesia, we argue that the peacekeeping policies of these emerging powers have been inconsistent with their declared reticence to use force. We explain the inconsistency by reference to knowledge imbalances between civilian and military actors, a gap in peacekeeping expertise and involvement in policy-making that allowed the armed forces to push the two countries into increasingly coercive peacekeeping. Moreover, civil–military knowledge imbalances prevented the emergence of alternative ideas more in line with Brazil’s and Indonesia’s traditional stance on the use of force.
- Itemc-Abl tyrosine kinase modulates tau pathology and Cdk5 phosphorylation in AD transgenic mice(2011) Cancino Lobos, Gonzalo; Pérez De Arce Guzmán, Karen Andrea; Castro Uribe, Paula Andrea; Toledo Maldonado, Enrique Daniel; Von Bernhardi Montgomery, Rommy Edth B.; Álvarez Rojas, Alejandra BeatrizThe c-Abl tyrosine kinase is an important link in signal transduction pathways that promote cytoskeletal rearrangement and apoptotic signalling. We have previously shown that amyloid-beta-peptide (A beta) activates c-Abl. Herein we show that c-Abl participates in A beta-induced tau phosphorylation through Cdk5 activation. We found that intraperitoneal administration of STI571, a specific inhibitor for c-Abl kinase, decreased tau phosphorylation in the APPswe/PSEN1 Delta E9 transgenic mouse brain. In addition, when neurons were treated with A beta we observed: (i) an increase in active c-Abl and tau phosphorylation, (ii) the prevention of tau phosphorylation by STI571 and (iii) the inhibition of c-Abl expression by shRNA, as well as the expression of a c-Abl kinase death mutant, decreased AT8 and PHF1 signals. Furthermore, the increase of c-Abl was associated with Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdk5 and its association with c-Abl. Brains from APPswe/PSEN1 Delta E9 mice showed higher levels of c-Abl and phospho-Cdk5 than wild-type mice. Moreover, STI571 treatment decreased the phospho-Cdk5 levels. Together, the evidence suggests that activation of c-Abl by A beta promotes tau phosphorylation through Tyr15 phosphorylation-mediated Cdk5 activation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemCambio de teorías subjetivas docentes ante sus primeras experiencias con estudiantes con Síndrome de Down(2020) Bonilla, María de los Ángeles; Castro Carrasco, Pablo Javier; Gómez Nocetti, VivianaEsta investigación, de carácter cualitativo, tuvo como objetivo describir, interpretar y contrastar las teorías subjetivas que sustentan dos profesoras que enseñan por primera vez a estudiantes con síndrome de Down, relevando los cambios que experimentan tales creencias. El estudio del cambio de las teorías subjetivas docentes resulta relevante si se considera que diversas investigaciones abordan las creencias del profesorado desde un análisis descriptivo, sin profundizar en el dinamismo de estas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e interpretativo utilizando el programa Atlas-ti 7.0. Los resultados indicaron que ambas docentes concuerdan en los cambios de teorías subjetivas sobre: percepción del síndrome de Down, apoyo laboral, estrategias pedagógicas y dificultades percibidas; mientras que hubo diferencias en las teorías subjetivas sobre la inclusión escolar y la visión del estudiante. Las conclusiones destacan los cambios en sus teorías subjetivas, por ejemplo, en su interpretación de las dificultades atribuidas a los alumnos con síndrome de Down.
- ItemClimate change impacts on invasive potential of pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in Chile(2013) Jara Contreras, Valentina Isabel; Meza, Francisco Javier; Zaviezo Palacios, Tania; Chorbadjian Alonso, Rodrigo ArmenMaconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudoccidae) is an important pest in many countries being responsible for considerable economic loses. Although it is not currently present in Chile, the chance that it could be accidentally introduced rises with the list of infested countries increasing over the last years. In addition, climate change projections indicate that a larger region would fit as potential habitat for this pest, allowing it to persist over time and colonize a larger proportion of the Chilean territory. In this study the geographic distribution and the number of generations this mealybug would develop in Chile were determined, under current temperatures and under two projected climatic scenarios. Cumulative degree days were calculated for current and future scenarios using a lower temperature threshold of 14.5 degrees C, with 624.5 degree-days as the thermal requirement for the species to complete one generation. The results show that under current climate conditions M. hirsutus could develop up to three generations in the north of the country (i.e. 18 degrees South) and one generation in the region near 37 degrees South. Under future scenarios' conditions the pest could develop up to five generations in the north, and one generation around the 42 degrees South. Present climate conditions in Chile would allow the establishment of the pink hibiscus mealybug, if the pest enters the country. Climate change conditions would allow the potentially invaded area to expand south, and would promote the development of more generations per year of the mealybug in the studied territory.
- ItemConceptual change among teachers involved in educational reform(2009) Arredondo Rucinski, Daysi; Beas Franco, Josefina; Gómez Nocetti, Viviana; Thomsen Queirolo, María Paulina; Carranza D., GloriaThis article reports findings from a multi-year study of teachers’ conceptual change coinci-dent with the development of instructional expertise among teachers involved in educational reform efforts in schools in Santiago, Chile. Conceptual change in teachers is important because recent research indicates that students of teachers who function at more complex conceptual levels tend to achieve significantly higher achievement test scores, and cognitively complex teachers and teacher leaders tend to implement more educational reforms and to more effectively mentor other teachers. Given the current emphasis on teacher leadership in developing schools as learning communities, research identifying and describing mechanisms to develop and mentor teachers is important. The findings show that while no changes in levels of reflection were found, small changes were evident in reflective dialogue comments by the four teachers studied. In addition, the researchers identified implications for educa-tional leaders interested in mentoring teachers engaged in reflective dialogue about their prac-tices and concluded that the assessment standards appear to be both useable and to have construct validity in assessing reflection.
- ItemContarte: una sistematización de la práctica reflexiva entre docente y amiga crítica(2021) Marqués Rosa, María de la Luz; Molina Hernández, Fabiola Georgina; Gómez Nocetti, Viviana; Angulo Carmona, Macarena BelénSuperar los obstáculos que pueden presentarse en el aprendizaje de la lengua, especialmente en niños que viven en contextos de pobreza, demanda intervenciones a temprana edad y docentes con una alta capacidad reflexiva. Se presenta la Sistematización de una Experiencia denominada Contarte con el objeto de documentar la práctica educativa en el nivel inicial y dar valor agregado a la reflexión colaborativa entre docente y amiga crítica durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los hallazgos muestran que los niveles de complejidad en el desempeño de los niños son crecientes en tanto que docente y amiga crítica se retroalimentan de manera permanente en pos del mejoramiento de esta experiencia educativa. Se releva el esfuerzo reflexivo por parte del docente como herramienta transformadora de la realidad injusta que no ofrece a todos los niños las mismas oportunidades para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas.
- ItemContinuous Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block: Optimizing the Analgesia Technique(2018) Altermatt Couratier, Fernando; Cuadra Fontaine, Juan Carlos de la
- ItemContribution of resident memory CD8+ T cells to protective immunity against respiratory syncytial virus and their impact on vaccine design(2019) Retamal Díaz, Angello; Covián, Camila; Pacheco, Gaspar A.; Castiglione Matamala, Angelo T.; Bueno Ramírez, Susan; González, Pablo A.; Kalergis, Alexis M.Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). RSV-ALRI is the major cause of hospital admissions in young children, and it can cause in-hospital deaths in children younger than six months old. Therefore, RSV remains one of the pathogens deemed most important for the generation of a vaccine. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the development of immunological memory against the pathogenic agent of interest. This memory is achieved by long-lived memory T cells, based on the establishment of an effective immune response to viral infections when subsequent exposures to the pathogen take place. Memory T cells can be classified into three subsets according to their expression of lymphoid homing receptors: central memory cells (T-CM), effector memory cells (T-EM) and resident memory T cells (T-RM). The latter subset consists of cells that are permanently found in non-lymphoid tissues and are capable of recognizing antigens and mounting an effective immune response at those sites. T-RM cells activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thus establishing a robust and rapid response characterized by the production of large amounts of effector molecules. T-RM cells can also recognize antigenically unrelated pathogens and trigger an innate-like alarm with the recruitment of other immune cells. It is noteworthy that this rapid and effective immune response induced by T-RM cells make these cells an interesting aim in the design of vaccination strategies in order to establish T-RM cell populations to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of T-RM cells, their contribution to the resolution of respiratory viral infections and the induction of T-RM cells, which should be considered for the rational design of new vaccines against RSV.