Artículos de revistas

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https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/1156
Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Browsing Artículos de revistas by browse.metadata.categoriaods "08 Trabajo decente y crecimiento económico"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Aging in Different Welfare Contexts: A Comparative Perspective on Later-Life Employment and Health
    (2020) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Corna, Laurie; Baumann, Isabel
    Objective: We adopt a cross-national comparative perspective to assess the labor market experiences of older adults in the years leading up to and beyond the full pension age (FPA) and their association with health in diverse welfare state contexts.", "Method: We work with a harmonized pooled-country data set of 12 nations to model individuals' employment trajectories during the 10 years surrounding gender- and country-specific FPAs over the same chronological period (2004 to 2014/2015) using sequence analysis. We then analyze these trajectories' relationships with self-rated health and chronic conditions across different welfare state contexts.", "Results: We find five types of later-life employment trajectories: early retirement, conventional retirement, predominantly part-time, not in the labor market, and partial retirement. Among other findings, our analyses indicate that early retirement is associated with positive health outcomes in social-democratic and corporatist countries but not in liberal and liberalcorporatist countries. For people in the not in the labor market trajectory, poor self-rated health is more frequent in liberal and southern, and less frequent in corporatist countries.", "Discussion: The research findings illustrate the importance of both generous public benefits in old age and later-life employment trajectories for older individuals' health."]
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    How have women's employment patterns during young adulthood changed in Chile? A cohort study
    (2019) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Undurraga Riesco, María del Rosario; Valenzuela, Cristian
    The period of young adulthood is a decisive stage for women's employment pathways. Individual characteristics (such as marriage, parenting and education) and contextual factors (decommodification, defamilialisation and labour-market flexibility, for example) play a significant role in shaping work trajectories during these years. However, due to cultural, social and economic change, employment histories during young adulthood may vary significantly among women of different generations. This study analyses and compares long-term employment patterns during young adulthood (defined as ages 25 to 39) among two cohorts of women born around 1958 (N = 2,244) and 1969 (N = 2,231) in Chile, an under-studied country in life-course research. We analyse four major dimensions of female employment patterns across cohorts - (1) diversity, (2) prevalence, (3) dynamism and (4) socio-demographic characteristics - and propose four corresponding hypotheses. To test these hypotheses, we used data from Chile's Social Protection Survey - an exceptionally rich longitudinal survey and employed sequence analysis to construct a typology of labour-force trajectories for each cohort. The results show some elements of continuity between cohorts' employment patterns, such as their diversity and socio-demographics, as well as important changes in their prevalence and dynamism. In the concluding section, we discuss the contributions of this in-depth single-country study for the field of life-course research, particularly to the cultural and policy implications of the current configuration of women's working lives.
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    LeverAge: A European network to leverage the multi-age workforce
    (2024) Marcus, Justin; Scheibe, Susanne; Kooij, Dorien; Truxillo, Donald M.; Zaniboni, Sara; Abuladze, Liili; Al Mursi, Noura; Bamberger, Peter A.; Balytska, Mariia; Betanzos, Norma D.; Perek-Bialas, Jolanta; Boehm, Stephan Alexander; Burmeister, Anne; Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Caon, Maurizio; Deller, Juergen; Derous, Eva; Drury, Lisbeth; Eppler-Hattab, Raphael; Fasbender, Ulrike; Fueloep, Marta; Furunes, Trude; Gerpott, Fabiola H.; Gostautaite, Bernadeta; Halvorsen, Cal J.; Hernaus, Tomislav; Inceoglu, Ilke; Iskifoglu, Mustafa; Ivanoska, Kalina Sotiroska; Kanfer, Ruth; Kenig, Nikolina; Kiran, Sibel; Klimek, Sabina; Kunze, Florian; Mertan, Emete Biran; Varianou-Mikellidou, Cleo; Moasa, Horia; Ng, Yin Lu; Parker, Sharon K.; Reh, Susan; Resuli, Vebina; Schmeink, Martina; Silberg, Slavka; Sousa, Ines C.; Steiner, Dirk D.; Stukalina, Yulia; Tomas, Jasmina; Topa, Gabriela; Turek, Konrad; Vignoli, Michela; von Bonsdorff, Monika; Wang, Dahua; Wang, Mo; Yeung, Dannii Yuen-lan; Yildirim, Kemal; Zhang, Xin; Znidarsic, Jana
    Bringing together 150+ scholars and practitioners from 50+ countries, and funded by the European Commission, COST Action LeverAge (https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA22120/) is the first network-building project of its kind in the work and organizational psychology and human resource management (WOP/HRM) aspects of work and aging. Focused on the aging workforce, the Action aims to foster interdisciplinary and multinational scientific excellence and the translation of science to practical and societal impact across 4 years. Based on a research synthesis, we identify five broad research directions for work and aging science including work and organizational practices for a multi-age workforce, successful aging at work, the integration of age-diverse workers and knowledge transfer, aging and technology at work, and career development in later life and retirement. We provide key research questions to guide scientific inquiry along these five research directions alongside best practice recommendations to expand scholarly impact in WOP/HRM.
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    Riots and subways, a relationship moderated by the neighborhood's income level
    (2022) Cartes, Carlos; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Fernández, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Social disturbances due to socioeconomic and political factors received media attention during 2019 in places like France, Hong Kong, Chile, Nigeria, Sudan, Haiti, and Lebanon. In October 2019, Chile saw massive demonstrations in the capital city of Santiago. The cost of damage to infrastructure during the first month of unrest was estimated at US$ 4.6 billion, and the cost to the Chilean economy was about US$ 3 billion, 1.1% of its Gross Domestic Product. This study analyzes how the topology of the public transport network affected the locations of the 2019 riots in Santiago. On average, we find a clear association between proximity to the subway network and riot density. This association is significant only in neighborhoods with residents in the highest and lowest income quartiles. As a result, when analyzing social unrest and the critical role of public transport, policymakers should also consider the crucial role of income.
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    Socially stratified associations between self-employment and health among Chilean older people
    (2023) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Biehl Lundberg, Andres; Budnevich Portales, Carlos
    Non-standard forms of employment, such as self-employment, are among the most prevalent routes for older people to access the workforce. While the financial benefits of any form of self-employment in later life have been widely acknowledged, less is known about their impact on health. This study explores the association between self-employment and 16 health outcomes among older people with different social stratification characteristics in Chile, a developing country experiencing rapid population ageing. We rely on a rich representative life history survey of Chilean men and women between the ages 65 and 75 years (N = 802) living in the capital Santiago, weighted sequence analysis to reconstruct employment histories and weighted regression analysis to measure the association between self-employment and health in later life. All our analyses are adjusted by both individual lifetime health indicators and employment trajectories. Our results show that being self-employed relative to not working is positively associated with health in seven out of 16 outcomes. More surprisingly, those in a self-employment position seem to enjoy better health outcomes, particularly among the less educated and lower-income levels. These stratified associations raise questions about how these individuals enjoy better health despite facing adverse social conditions.
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    The effect of COVID-19 on the economy: Evidence from an early adopter of localized lockdowns
    (2021) Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; Valdés, Rodrigo O.; Wagner, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Background: Governments worldwide have implemented large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing or school closures, to prevent and control the growth of the COVID-19 pandemic. These strategies, implemented with varying stringency, have imposed substantial social and economic costs to society. As some countries begin to reopen and ease mobility restrictions, lockdowns in smaller geographic areas are increasingly considered an attractive policy intervention to mitigate societal costs while controlling epidemic growth. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support these decisions. Methods: Drawing from a rich data set of localized lockdowns in Chile, we used econometric methods to measure the reduction in local economic activity from lockdowns when applied to smaller or larger geographical areas. We measured economic activity by tax collection at the municipality-level. Results: Our results show that lockdowns were associated with a 10%-15% drop in local economic activity, which is twice the reduction in local economic activity suffered by municipalities that were not under lockdown. A three-to-four-month lockdown had a similar effect on economic activity than a year of the 2009 great recession. We found costs are proportional to the population under lockdown, without differences when lockdowns were measured at the municipality or citywide levels. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that localized lockdowns have a large effect on local economic activity, but these effects are proportional to the population under lockdown. Our results suggest that epidemiological criteria should guide decisions about the optimal size of lockdown areas since the proportional impact of lockdowns on the economy seems to be unchanged by scale.