Artículos de revistas

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Esta colección incluye artículos de revistas de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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About the attribution of the "auto sacramental" La Araucana: Andres de Claramonte versus Lope de Vega
(SERVICIO PUBL UNIV NAVARRA, 2017) Faundez Carreno, Rodrigo
The present article examines the authorship of the "auto sacramental" La Araucana, attributed to Lope de Vega in 1893 by Marcelino Menendez Pelayo. A study of the auto compared with Andres de Claramonte's plays regarding meter characteristics, parallel passages and noun series, suggests that this last poet of the Spanish Golden Age would be the closest playwright as to the literary style of La Araucana.
Assessing participation of women in a cervical cancer screening program in Peru
(PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION, 2009) Robles, Sylvia C.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Tsu, Vivien; Winkler, Jenny; Almonte, Maribel; Bingham, Allison; Lewis, Merle; Sasieni, Peter
Objective. To assess systemic and individual factors influencing participation of women in a screening program for cervical cancer.
Cervical screening by visual inspection, HPV testing, liquid-based and conventional cytology in Amazonian Peru
(WILEY, 2007) Almonte, Maribel; Ferreccio, Catterina; Winkler, Jennifer L.; Cuzick, Jack; Tsu, Vivien; Robles, Sylvia; Takahashi, Rina; Sasieni, Peter
Cervical cancer is an important public health problem in many developing countries, where cytology screening has been ineffective. We compared four tests to identify the most appropriate for screening in countries with limited resources. Nineteen midwives screened 5,435 women with visual inspection (VIA) and collected cervical samples for HPV testing, liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional cytology (CC). If VIA was positive, a doctor performed magnified VIA. CC was read locally, LBC was read in Lima and HPV testing was done in London. Women with a positive screening test were offered colposcopy or cryotherapy (with biopsy). Inadequacy rates were 5% and 11% for LBC and CC respectively, and less than 0.1% for VIA and HPV. One thousand eight hundred eightyone women (84% of 2,236) accepted colposcopy/cryotherapy: 79 had carcinoma in situ or cancer (CIS+), 27 had severe- and 42 moderate-dysplasia on histology. We estimated a further 6.5 cases of CIS+ in women without a biopsy. Sensitivity for CIS+ (specificity for less than moderate dysplasia) was 41.2% (76.7%) for VIA,95.8% (89.3%) for HPV, 80.3% (83.7%) for LBC, and 42.5% (98.7%) for CC. Sensitivities for moderate dysplasia or worse were better for VIA (54.9%) and less favourable for HPV and cytology. In this setting, VIA and CC missed the majority of high-grade disease. Overall, HPV testing performed best. VIA gives immediate results, but will require investment in regular training and supervision. Further work is needed to determine whether screened-posilive women should all be treated or triaged with a more specific test. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Childbirth in Santiago de Chile: Stratification, Intervention, and Child Centeredness
(WILEY, 2012) Murray, Marjorie
On the basis of ethnographic work with women from different economic and educational backgrounds in Santiago, I describe the experiences of labor and birth from the point of view of women's priorities, socioeconomic constraints, and relationships with the medical system. I specifically focus on their desires expressed during the late prenatal period and their narratives of the actual birth. Class and the differences in opportunities resulting from educational and class inequalities melt down into near invisibility as vulnerability rises and women become increasingly subjected to medical decision making. The long-standing Chilean focus on child centeredness, while shown to benefit bonding, can work to obliterate women's own desires and choices by encouraging them to "sacrifice their all" for the sake of the baby. This kind of sacrifice defines the meaning of the maternal body in Chile. I suggest further analysis of these factors is essential for an understanding of the hypermedicalized Chilean context.
Conscientious objection and the values of medical profession
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2016) Besio, Mauricio
It is usual to understand conscientious objection as a doctor's refusal to perform a legitimate intervention, for subjective personal reasons unrelated to medicine. It is then accepted only by respect to professional autonomy and freedom of beliefs. Understood in that way it would be thus reasonable to limit it, curtail it or delete it, since the objector would not be willing to grant benefits that correspond to his medical profession. This work aims to show exactly the opposite, taking as an example the project of law that pretends to decriminalize abortion in some situations in Chile. Is the objector who defends medical activity relying on ethic codes that seek to preserve the values and principles of our profession.
Endothelial dysfunction - A link among preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and future cardiovascular events?
(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2007) Germain, Alfredo M.; Romanik, Mary Carmen; Guerra, Irene; Solari, Sandra; Soledad Reyes, Maria; Johnson, Richard J.; Price, Karen; Karumanchi, S. Ananth; Valdes, Gloria
We tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction could cause placentation-related defects, persist after the complicated pregnancy, and probably cause cardiovascular disease later in life. Brachial arterial reactivity and factors related to endothelial dysfunction, such as circulating cholesterol, uric acid, nitrites, L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, in women with previous healthy pregnancies (n = 22), patients with severe preeclampsia (n = 25), or patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 29), at day 10 of the luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle an average of 11 to 27 months after pregnancy were evaluated. Both groups with placentation defects had a significant decrease in endothelium-dependent dilatation, a higher rate of endothelial dysfunction, lower serum nitrites, and higher cholesterol as compared with control subjects; subjects with previous preeclampsia additionally had higher normal blood pressures and a greater parental prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Patients with recurrent pregnancy loss also demonstrated a significantly lower endothelium-independent vasodilatation. A trend to an inverse correlation was found between serum cholesterol serum and endothelial-mediated vasodilatation in the whole study population. Uric acid, L-arginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 were similar in all of the groups. We postulate that endothelial dysfunction may represent a link between preeclampsia and increased cardiovascular disease latter in life and propose that women with unexplained recurrent miscarriages are also at increased cardiovascular risk. The identification and correction of endothelial dysfunction detected during the reproductive stage on obstetric outcome and on cardiovascular diseases needs to be elucidated.
Family dynamics. An exploration of parental sensitivity and depressive symptoms among mothers and fathers of toddlers
(SPR ITALIA, 2021) Muzard, Antonia; Olhaberry, Marcia; Immel, Nina; Moran Kneer, Javier
In studies of maternal sensitivity, the influence of mothers' depressive symptomatology has been consistently highlighted. Additionally, the relevance of both maternal and paternal sensitive responses to children's development has been recognized. However, literature regarding the dynamics of the mother-father-tod-dler triad is scarce. This is particularly true when understanding how parental sensitivity may be bidirectionally shaped by both parents' (i.e., mothers' and fathers' depressive symptomatology) and children's characteristics (i.e., age). Hence, the present study aims to describe and analyse the associations between parental depression, paternal sensitivity and children's socioemotional difficulties and age with mothers' sensitive responses to highlight the appropriateness of considering fathers' depressive symptoms and sensitivity to better understand the impact of maternal depressive symptomatology on mothers' sensitivity. The participants included 80 Chilean mother-father-child triads in which all children were between 1 and 3 years of age and presented some degree of socioemotional difficulty. The results reveal no differences in maternal and paternal sensitivity or higher depressive symptomatology in mothers than in fathers. Additionally, while mothers' depression was significantly associated with their sensitivity, this was not the case for fathers. Paternal depressive symptomatology was associated with the mother's depression. Finally, paternal sensitivity emerged as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity. This result calls attention to the use of paternal variables to understand how maternal depression impacts mothers' sensitivity and to thus develop appropriate interventions that expand the scope of such impacts from the dyad to the triad.
Fetal and maternal NLRP3 signaling is required for preterm labor and birth
(AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC, 2022) Motomura, Kenichiro; Romero, Roberto; Galaz, Jose; Tao, Li; Garcia-Flores, Valeria; Xu, Yi; Done, Bogdan; Arenas-Hernandez, Marcia; Miller, Derek; Gutierrez-Contreras, Pedro; Farias-Jofre, Marcelo; Aras, Siddhesh; Grossman, Lawrence, I; Tarca, Adi L.; Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of every 4 preterm neonates is born to a mother with intra-amniotic inflammation driven by invading bacteria. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this hostile immune response remain unclear. Here, we used a translationally relevant model of preterm birth in Nlrp3-deficient and-sufficient pregnant mice to identify what we believe is a previously unknown dual role for the NLRP3 pathway in the fetal and maternal signaling required for the premature onset of the labor cascade leading to fetal injury and neonatal death. Specifically, the NLRP3 sensor molecule and/or inflammasome is essential for triggering intra-amniotic and decidual inflammation, fetal membrane activation, uterine contractility, and cervical dilation. NLRP3 also regulates the functional status of neutrophils and macrophages in the uterus and decidua, without altering their influx, as well as maternal systemic inflammation. Finally, both embryo transfer experimentation and heterozygous mating systems provided mechanistic evidence showing that NLRP3 signaling in both the fetus and the mother is required for the premature activation of the labor cascade. These data provide insights into the mechanisms of fetal-maternal dialog in the syndrome of preterm labor and indicate that targeting the NLRP3 pathway could prevent adverse perinatal outcomes.
Functional Interaction between Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins and Cigarette Smoke Components in Lung Epithelial Cells
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2012) Pablo Munoz, Juan; Gonzalez, Carolina; Parra, Barbara; Corvalan, Alejandro H.; Tornesello, Maria Lina; Eizuru, Yoshito; Aguayo, Francisco
The smoking habit is the most important, but not a sufficient cause for lung cancer development. Several studies have reported the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) presence and E6 and E7 transcripts expression in lung carcinoma cases from different geographical regions. The possible interaction between HPV infection and smoke carcinogens, however, remains unclear. In this study we address a potential cooperation between tobacco smoke and HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins for alterations in proliferative and tumorigenic properties of lung epithelial cells. A549 (alveolar, tumoral) and BEAS-2B (bronchial, non-tumoral) cell lines were stably transfected with recombinant pLXSN vectors expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins and exposed to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) at different concentrations. HPV16 E6 and E7 expression was associated with loss of p53 stability, telomerase (hTERT) and p16(INK4A) overexpression in BEAS-2B cells as demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). In A549 cells we observed downregulation of p53 but not a significant increase of hTERT transcripts. In addition, the HPV16 E6/E7 transfected cell lines showed an increased proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth in a HPV16 E6 and E7 expression-dependent manner. Moreover, both HPV16 E6/E7 and mock transfected cells showed an increased proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth in the presence of 0.1 and 10 mu g/mL CSC. However, this increase was significantly greater in HPV16 E6/E7 transfected cells (p<0.001). Data were confirmed by FCSE proliferation assay. The results obtained in this study are suggestive of a functional interaction between tobacco smoke and HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins for malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of lung epithelial cells. More studies are warranted in order to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in this cooperation.
Guidelines of the Chilean Endocrinology Society for the correct clinical use of bone densitometry
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2018) Barberan M, Marcela; Campusano M, Claudia; Trincado M, Patricio; Oviedo G, Sofia; Brantes G, Sergio; Sapunar Z, Jorge; Canessa, Jose; Cid, Pia; Escobar, Freddy; Eugenin, Daniela; Florenzano, Pablo; Gajardo, Hector; Gonzalez, Gilberto; Illanes, Francisca; Jimenez, Beatriz; Martinez, Carolina; Miranda, Edith; Rivera, Sandra; Salman, Patricio; Trejo, Pamela; Velasco, Soledad
Osteoporosis is a silent and frequent disease, which increases fracture risk Approximately half of women and one of five men over 50 years old will suffer an osteoporotic fracture throughout their lives. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows a real bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in different parts of the skeleton and is considered the "gold standard" for quantifying osteoporosis with high accuracy and precision. The Board of the Chilean Society of Endocrinology and Diabetes (SOCHED) required from the Bone Disease Study Group to develop a consensus about the "Correct use of bone densitometry in clinical practice in Chilean population". Therefore, we elaborated 25 questions which addressed key aspects about the indications for a DXA scan, and the details of how to perform and report this test. Since some of the evidence obtained was of low quality or inconclusive, we decided to create a multidisciplinary group of national experts in osteoporosis to develop a consensus in this subject. The group consisted of 22 physicians including endocrinologists, gynecologists, geriatricians, radiologists, rheumatologists and nuclear medicine specialists. Using the Delphi methodology to analyze previously agreed questions, we elaborated statements that were evaluated by the experts who expressed their degree of agreement. The final report of this consensus was approved by the SOCHED board.
Intercostal Muscles Oxygenation and Breathing Pattern during Exercise in Competitive Marathon Runners
(Wiley, 2021) Contreras Briceño, Felipe; Espinosa Ramirez, Maximiliano Andres; Moya Gallardo, Eduardo Sebastián; Fuentes Kloss, Rodrigo Alejandro; Gabrielli Nervi, Luigi Arnaldo; Araneda, Oscar F.; Viscor, Gines
The study aimed to evaluate the association between the changes in ventilatory variables (tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) and lung ventilation (VE)) and deoxygenation of m.intescostales (Delta SmO2-m.intercostales) during a maximal incremental exercise in 19 male high-level competitive marathon runners. The ventilatory variables and oxygen consumption (VO2) were recorded breath-by-breath by exhaled gas analysis. A near-infrared spectroscopy device (MOXY (R)) located in the right-hemithorax allowed the recording of SmO2-m.intercostales. To explore changes in oxygen levels in muscles with high demand during exercise, a second MOXY (R) records SmO2-m.vastus laterallis. The triphasic model of exercise intensity was used for evaluating changes in SmO2 in both muscle groups. We found that ASmO(2)-m.intercostales correlated with VO2-peak (r = 0.65; p = 0.002) and the increase of VE (r = 0.78; p = 0.001), RR (r = 0.54; p = 0.001), but not Vt (p = 0.210). The interaction of factors (muscles x exercise-phases) in SmO2 expressed as an arbitrary unit (a.u) was significant (p = 0.005). At VT1 there was no difference (p = 0.177), but SmO2-m.intercostales was higher at VT2 (p < 0.001) and VO2-peak (p < 0.001). In high-level competitive marathon runners, the m.intercostales deoxygenation during incremental exercise is directly associated with the aerobic capacity and increased lung ventilation and respiratory rate, but not tidal volume. Moreover, it shows less deoxygenation than m.vastus laterallis at intensities above the aerobic ventilatory threshold.
Long-term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence: Evidence of living arrangements patterns in Chile
(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2022) Cabib, Ignacio; Araos, Consuelo; Palma, Julieta; Yopo Diaz, Martina
Objective This study examines long-term trajectories of intergenerational coresidence (IC) among a cohort of individuals aged 65 and 75 in Chile, focusing on their diversity, prevalence, internal dynamism, and sociodemographic characteristics. Background IC is comparatively high in Latin America and is related to both family norms and social vulnerabilities. However, empirical evidence on this topic comes mostly from cross-sectional studies using aggregated population data, which neglect the inherently dynamic nature of coresidential arrangements across the life course. Method We use representative life-history data in Santiago, Chile (N = 802), sequence analysis to reconstruct long-term trajectories, and bivariate analysis to examine their associations with sociodemographic factors. Results Our findings show that, first, IC in Chile may be more prevalent and diverse than suggested in previous cross-sectional studies. Second, our findings indicate patterns of long-term IC and stable conjugal cohabitation are compatible. Third, the results shed new light on the association of IC with particular sociodemographic groups. Conclusion This study analyzed patterns of living arrangements among family members based both on intergenerational and conjugal cohabitation and their dynamic character throughout the life course. Our results challenge interpretations of contemporary living arrangements among family members at an international level. Implications This study shows that IC in Chile has been largely underrepresented, both in magnitude and heterogeneity. This finding informs public policies about the reality of family configurations that require specific care, housing, and financial support.
Maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors are of prognostic value in patients presenting to the obstetrical triage area with the suspicion of preeclampsia
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Romero, Roberto; Savasan, Zeynep Alpay; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Ogge, Giovanna; Soto, Eleazar; Dong, Zhong; Tarca, Adi; Gaurav, Bhatti; Hassan, Sonia S.
Objective: To determine whether maternal plasma concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble endoglin (sEng), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) and -2 could identify patients at risk for developing preeclampsia (PE) requiring preterm delivery. Study design: Patients presenting with the diagnosis "rule out PE" to the obstetrical triage area of our hospital at <37 weeks of gestation (n = 87) were included in this study. Delivery outcomes were used to classify patients into four groups: I) patients without PE or those with gestational hypertension (GHTN) or chronic hypertension (CHTN) who subsequently developed PE at term (n = 19); II): mild PE who delivered at term (n = 15); III): mild disease (mild PE, GHTN, CHTN) who subsequently developed severe PE requiring preterm delivery (n = 26); and IV): diagnosis of severe PE (n = 27). Plasma concentrations of PlGF, sEng, sVEGFR-1 and -2 were determined at the time of presentation by ELISA. Reference ranges for analytes were constructed by quantile regression in our laboratory (n = 180; 1046 samples). Comparisons among groups were performed using multiples of the median (MoM) and parametric statistics after log transformation. Receiver operating characteristic curves, logistic regression and survival analysis were employed for analysis. Results: The mean MoM plasma concentration of PlGF/sVEGFR-1, PlGF/sEng, PlGF, sVEGFR-1 and -2, and sEng in Group III was significantly different from Group II (all p<0.05). A plasma concentration of PlGF/sVEGFR-1 <= 0.05 MoM or PlGF/sEng <= 0.07 MoM had the highest likelihood ratio of a positive test (8.3, 95% CI 2.8-25 and 8.6, 95% CI 2.9-25, respectively), while that of PlGF <= 0.396 MoM had the lowest likelihood ratio of a negative test (0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.25). The association between low plasma concentrations of PlGF/sVEGFR-1 (= 0.05 MoM) as well as that of PlGF/sEng (= 0.07 MoM) and the development of severe PE remained significant after adjusting for gestational age at presentation, average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a history of chronic hypertension [ adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 27 (95% CI 6.4-109) and adjusted OR 30 (95% CI 6.9-126), respectively]. Among patients who presented < 34 weeks gestation (n = 59), a plasma concentration of PlGF/sVEGFR-1 < 0.033 MoM identified patients who delivered within 2 weeks because of PE with a sensitivity of 93% (25/27) and a specificity of 78% (25/32). This cut-off was associated with a shorter interval-to-delivery due to PE [ hazard ratio = 6 (95% CI 2.5-14.6)]. Conclusions: Plasma concentrations of angiogenic/anti-angiogenic factors are of prognostic value in the obstetrical triage area. These observations support the value of these biomarkers in the clinical setting for the identification of the patient at risk for disease progression requiring preterm delivery.
Personhood and dignity at the beginning of life: the conceived by in vitro fertilization in Chile
(UNIV CHILE, CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO ESTUDIOS BIOETICA, 2014) Ramos Vergara, Paulina; Arenas Massa, Angela; Santos Alcantara, Manuel
The present study analyzes some of the problems encountered in Chile in the beginning of life of those conceived by in vitro fertilization. From these arises the need to norm the application of these techniques with the goal to protect life in compliance with constitutional mandate. This is a descriptive historical study grounded on the review of Chilean project laws regulating the issue - direct and indirectly - between 1996 and 2013. It is concluded that is urgent to regulate a juridical statue of the unborn conceived to guaranty the effective integrity of his/her life.
Polymorphisms in maternal and fetal genes encoding for proteins involved in extracellular matrix metabolism alter the risk for small-for-gestational-age
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Edwards, Digna R. Velez; Romero, Roberto; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Hassan, Sonia S.; Mazaki Tovi, Shali; Vaisbuch, Edi; Kim, Chong Jai; Erez, Offer; Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Pearce, Brad D.; Bartlett, Jacquelaine; Friel, Lara A.; Salisbury, Benjamin A.; Anant, Madan Kumar; Vovis, Gerald F.; Lee, Min Seob; Gomez, Ricardo; Behnke, Ernesto; Oyarzun, Enrique; Tromp, Gerard; Menon, Ramkumar; Williams, Scott M.
Objective. To examine the association between maternal and fetal genetic variants and small-for-gestational-age (SGA).
Quality of Life in Chilean Transgender Children and Adolescents
(KARGER, 2022) Mendoza, Carolina; Poggi, Helena; Flores, Monica; Morales, Cristobal; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro
Introduction: Transgender (TG) children and adolescents experience problems in school as well as with family and social relationships that can adversely affect their physical and psychosocial health and impair their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in TG children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study comparing HRQoL in gender non-conforming (Trans) and gender-conforming (CIS) children and adolescents using the Spanish version of KIDSCREEN-52 in 120 Chilean Trans and CIS children (aged 8-18 years) and their parents. All scores were standardized according to the KIDSCREEN manual. Results: Among the 100 questionnaires answered, 38 corresponded to children and adolescents aged 8.4-18 years. Twenty-one of them were TG (71% trans males) and 17 were CIS (76% females). Sixty-two parents answered the questionnaires: 33 from families of TG children (PTrans) and 29 from families of CIS children (PCis). Trans children had lower HRQoL scores in all domains than CIS children. The lowest-scoring domains for TG children were "Moods and Emotions," "Psychological Well-Being" and "Social Acceptance," and the highest-scoring domain was "School Environment." The PTrans group had significantly higher scores than the Trans group for 3 of the 10 domains: "Psychological Well-Being," "Moods and Emotions," and "Parent Relations and Home Life." Conclusion: Our results revealed that TG children and adolescents have lower QoL than their CIS counterparts, especially regarding items related to mental health. Furthermore, their parents may underestimate their well-being, confirming the vulnerability of the TG population. This finding underlies the need to perform early assessments of QoL for early detection and intervention in aspects that could deteriorate their quality of life.
Religiosity, physical and functional health in older people in Chile
(2022) Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz
Objective: To establish the association between different dimensions of religiosity - organizational, non-organizational, and intrinsic - and indicators of physical and functional health in older people in Chile. Methods: Data from the Fifth Survey on Quality of Life in Old Age 2019 were used. Descriptive and explanatory analyses were performed using logistic, linear and multinomial regression models, with dependent variables being self-perception of health, functional dependence, number of chronic diseases, and perception of health compared with other people of the same age. As predictors, indicators of the three dimensions of religiosity (DUREL Scale) were included, additionally controlling for the MOS-SS Social Support Scale, Apgar Family Functioning Scale, educational level, gender, age, and marital status. Results: Almost a third of older Chileans attend religious services frequently, and half of them pray frequently. On a range of 1 to 5, the mean intrinsic religiosity is 3.94. 46% perceive their health to be good/very good and about half perceive their health to be better than their peers. From 0 to 5, the mean number of chronic diseases is 1.69. 6% are classified as functionally dependent. The only significant relationship observed was between religious attendance and a lower probability of presenting functional dependency; on the other hand, praying increases such probabilities, as well as a relationship between attendance and a better perception of health in comparison with other people of the same age. Conclusion: Organizational religiosity is a psychosocial resource that is positively associated with the process of successful aging.
Sex-Differences in the Oxygenation Levels of Intercostal and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Incremental Exercise
(Wiley, 2021) Espinosa Ramírez, Maximiliano Andrés; Moya Gallardo, Eduardo Sebastián; Araya Román, Felipe Andrés; Riquelme Sánchez, Santiago Martín; Rodríguez García, Guido Hernán Antonio; Reid, W. Darlene; Viscor, Gines; Araneda, Oscar F.; Gabrielli Nervi, Luigi Arnaldo; Contreras Briceño, Felipe
This study aimed to examine sex differences in oxygen saturation in respiratory (SmO2-m.intercostales) and locomotor muscles (SmO2-m.vastus lateralis) while performing physical exercise. Twenty-five (12 women) healthy and physically active participants were evaluated during an incremental test with a cycle ergometer, while ventilatory variables [lung ventilation (V.E), tidal volume (Vt), and respiratory rate (RR)] were acquired through the breath-by-breath method. SmO2 was acquired using the MOXY(R) devices on the m.intercostales and m.vastus lateralis. A two-way ANOVA (sex x time) indicated that women showed a greater significant decrease of SmO2-m.intercostales, and men showed a greater significant decrease of SmO2-m.vastus lateralis. Additionally, women reached a higher level of Delta SmO2-m.intercostales normalized to V.E (L.min(-1)) (p < 0.001), whereas men had a higher level of Delta SmO2-m.vastus lateralis normalized to peak workload-to-weight (watts.kg(-1), PtW) (p = 0.049), as confirmed by Student's t-test. During an incremental physical exercise, women experienced a greater cost of breathing, reflected by greater deoxygenation of the respiratory muscles, whereas men had a higher peripheral load, indicated by greater deoxygenation of the locomotor muscles.
Strategies to promote dignified and feminist academia: some collaborative reflections from Chile
(2024) Ortiz, Francisca; Mendoza Horvitz, Manuela Ji; Sepúlveda, Denisse; Cubillos, Julia; González Madariaga, Valentina Soledad Paz; Jofre Poblete, Natalia; Moyano Dávila, Camila; Rodríguez Garrido, Pía; Samit Oroz, Shirley; Soto Hernández, Francisca Yanara; Vásquez, Isidora
During the COVID-19 pandemic, scholars around the world warned about increasing gender inequalities within academia. In this context, we created Red Feminista de las Ciencias Sociales to support initiatives among women researchers in Chile. Our objective is to appeal for gender equality in academia and to promote structural changes that guarantee dignified feminist academia in the social sciences. This article draws on various self-training and discussion activities developed by the Red Feminista between mid-2021 and mid-2022 to discuss the role of women in academia, with implications for other marginalised groups in Chile and possibly other countries where inequality in academia is also a reality. Based on our discussions, we propose strategies to promote a decentralised, decolonised and feminist social science academia that guarantees gender equality as a fundamental human right and as a crosscutting axis in producing knowledge and access to it. We organise these strategies into four pillars: 1) equity and justice in the production of knowledge, 2) dignified work conditions in the production of knowledge, 3) a work environment free from harassment and 4) the democratisation of access to knowledge. Whilst these aspects have been studied in other countries, this article addresses the specific context of Chile. We argue that it is possible to reflect on feminisms (in plural) within academia and propose practical strategies for establishing new dynamics through collaborative work.
URBAN BILDUNGSROMAN: NOTES ON NARRATIVES OF FORMATION IN SANTIAGO DE CHILE AND MEXICO CITY
(PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, FAC LETRAS ,, 2012) Santos Lopez, Danilo
This study explores the incidence of the city in diverse bildungsromans contextualized in Santiago de Chile and Mexico City. In order to perform the analysis some novelists, writing from 1977 to 2006, were selected: the Chilean authors Jorge Marchant Lazcano, Alberto Fuguet, Roberto Fuentes y Marcelo Sanchez; and the Mexican authors Gustavo Sainz, Jose Emilio Pacheco, Juan Villoro y Guillermo Fadanelli. Initially, two typological studies are shown; these typologies were developed over the canonical corpus of European bildungsromans, and then, a group of traits, corresponding to the spatial axis as the analysis vector, were identified and separated. The theoretical background chosen were the analyses of Marianne Hirsh, Anikken Telnes Ivesen and, parcially, Franco Moretti's analysis about the European and American bildungsroman.

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