CEDEUS
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing CEDEUS by browse.metadata.categoria "Arquitectura"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemA greener urban environment: designing green infrastructure interventions to promote citizens’ subjective wellbeing(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Navarrete-Hernández, Pablo; Laffan, Kate; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios UrbanosResearch using subjective wellbeing (SWB) measures finds that the greener an individual's local environment is, the higher the levels of happiness and the lower levels of stress they tend to report experiencing. This literature presents positive associations between existing large-scale green spaces, such as urban parks or squares, and the wellbeing of residents living in close proximity to them. In contrast, in the current work, we present a novel approach which combines SWB measures with photo simulation in order to examine the impact of street-level green infrastructure interventions on the people's perceptions of the SWB associated with urban sites. We tested the approach with the attendees of the 20th Biennale on Architecture and Urbanism in Chile in 2017, exploring the impact of four different types of street-level green interventions. The results indicate that all types of green interventions considered significantly increase the perceived happiness and reduce the perceived stress associated with the sites during short exposures, with varying effect sizes across different types and scales of interventions. The proposed technique could be used in urban planning processes to examine the potential SWB benefits of green infrastructure investments prior to their being rolled out.
- ItemCerros isla en las ciudades de Chile: oportunidades para una planificación ecológica(Universidad de Chile. Instituto de la Vivienda, 2023) Picon Meleda, María Catalina; Contreras, Carolina; Berrizbeitia, Anita; Barrera, Francisco de la; Reyes-Paecke, Sonia; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de ArquitecturaIsland hills (IHs) represent elements of important natural and cultural heritage value. However, despite their notable presence in Latin American cities, there is little documented knowledge that may facilitate their recognition and incorporation into urban planning. The objective of this work is to identify, classify, and characterize the mostly non-urbanized IHs located within the urban area of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. The 75 IHs identified were classified into three typologies and characterized according to their land coverage, buildings, and associated regulations. In the 16 cities, there are 32 urban island hills, 24 urban hills on the urban edge, and 19 hills that are part of mountain ridges on the urban edge, concentrated in Santiago, Concepción and Copiapó. These covers consisting of by native forest, shrublands, and forestry plantations in the southern part of the country, and soils with scarce vegetation in the northern area, reflecting the geographic diversity as well as the pressures and uses that exist in the territory. Thus, Concepción’s IHs have 30% or more of their surface covered by forestry plantations; and of the total, 83% of the IHs have built elements and 36% have heritage elements. In terms of urban regulations, there is no typical zoning for hills, and diverse uses coexist.
- ItemDensidad urbana, forma y sociabilidad en la ciudad neoliberal: el caso del barrio Santa Isabel en Santiago de Chile(Universidad de Chile. FAU, 2019) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Link, Felip; CEDEUS (Chile); Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura y UrbanismoSince the 1990s, the Santa Isabel neighborhood in Santiago, Chile, has undergone a radical process of urban growth and densification which can be associated with the neoliberal turn that characterized public policies and urban growth since the 1980s. This global process of "urban neoliberalism" is characterized by the relevance that the private sector acquires in urban development of the cities, maximizing profitability over other considerations. The following article seeks to study the consequences of this type of neoliberal urban development in urban morphology on a neighborhood scale, as well as in the way in which the inhabitants relate to each other and with their territory. Through a multi-methodological approach, integrating census data, urban morphology indicators, survey results, field observations and in-depth interviews, it seeks to understand how this type of urban development that encourages the maximization of profits by private parties, affects the public dimension of urban space. It is identified that the characteristics of the built environment, added to its new sociodemographic composition, inhibit the use of the neighborhood, neighborhood sociability and the permanence of its inhabitants, contributing to generate a transitory neighborhood, which is transforming the own condition of the city.
- ItemEmployment and sustainability: the relation between precarious work and spatial inequality in the neoliberal city(2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Rehner, Johannes; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileThe creation of employment opportunities is a key factor to economic growth, but when pursuing sus tainable development, work arrangements must also be fair and stable. In contrast, precarious employ ment is a common and serious limitation to prospects for development and personal well being in Latin American cities. Discussing this phenomenon in the developing world requires considering the ongoing transformation of the neoliberal urban labour market, the commodity-driven economic struc ture, and questioning how such features relate to the likelihood of urban sustainable development. The present study addresses precarity in urban labour markets and subjective perceptions of stability and prospects and asks how marginalisation and fragmented urban spaces in a neoliberal context relate to the structural characteristics of precarious labour. This relationship between labour and space is anal ysed based on survey data from different types of neighbourhoods in Chile’s two largest metropolitan areas – Santiago and Concepción – using multilevel regression and ANOVA. Our study finds that precar ious employment and poor prospects replicate and reinforce typical territorial inequalities and thus con stitute a serious limitation for sustainable development. We conclude that the current labour market, the features of neoliberal extractivism, and weak formal social protection are obstructing urban development that is sustainable in terms of employment. Thus, the conceptual debate on sustainability and urban pol icy should focus more on the negative effects of precarious employment and its particular relation to spatial fragmentation in growing urban areas.
- ItemMonitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: Análisis de los catastros de áreas verdes urbanas en el área metropolitana de Santiago, Chile(2019) Reyes Paecke, Sonia; De La Barrera Melgarejo, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)Advances in urban development goals can be measured through indicator systems. The Chilean National Council for Urban Development (CNDU) has proposed a set of indicators to monitor the progress of Chilean cities towards the goals proposed by the National Urban Development Policy, incoporating issues associated to urban green spaces (UGS) in two areas of evaluation: Access to urban amenities, and urban environmental quality. This article aims to contribute to the analysis of the processes of information collection, data processing and construction of updated indicators of urban development in Chile by identifing the challenges posed by the implementation of a complex system of urban development monitoring. The study focuses on identifying, analyzing and comparing the UGS cadastres of the AMS generated by public institutions, to assess whether they can feed evidence-based design processes for public policy, and the development of a monitoring system of the advances in urban development. Analysis is based on the UGS cadastres carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago between 1992 and 2016 by identifying the responsible institutions, the sources of information and the data obtaining and validating methods. Results show that these cadastres are not comparable to each other, as they use different criteria for the UGS identification and classification, different data sources and collection methods. The fragmentation of decision-making regarding UGS generates inconsistent information, hindering the evaluation of public policy results. The effective implementation of the system of indicators proposed by the CNDU will require the generation of a solid, up-to-date and transparent information basis, prepared by relevant institutions, and validated by proper procedures.
- ItemMovilidad urbana y personas mayores en Santiago de Chile: El valor de integrar métodos de análisis, un estudio en el barrio San Eugenio(Universidad de Chile. FAU, 2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Castillo, Bryan; Steiniger, Stefan; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y TerritorialesDemographic changes in Latin America, and especially in Chile, indicate that the population is becoming older: already in 2050, one out of four Latin Americans and one out of three Chileans will be older than 60. Among the elements that contribute to the wellbeing of the elderlies, mobility and accessibility play a fundamental role. Priorities set out for mobility planning and politics should reflect these aspects. Nonetheless, the traditional methods of transport planning in Chile are not able to adequately grasp the forms in which elderlies move and access urban opportunities. We discuss the value of integrating different methods of analysis to better represent the mobility of elderlies. Examining the mobility and accessibility behaviour of seniors in the neighbourhood of San Eugenio, in Santiago de Chile, the paper compares the results of interviews and household travel surveys, observing to what extent these contribute to the description of mobility and accessibility for the examined population. The results show the relevance of qualitative approaches that, at the neighbourhood scale, examine elderlies, considering that these methods detect mobility practices and accessibility patterns difficult to observe with more aggregate forms of analysis. The approach to elderly mobility allowed by qualitative tools allows considering the conditions for their adoption when planning mobility at neighbourhood and municipal scale.
- ItemResilience is more than resistance: two experiences from the 2010 earthquake and tsunami(2020) Wagemann, Elizabeth; Alençon Castrillón, Renato d'; Greene, Margarita; CEDEUS (Chile)In the face of a natural catastrophe, resistance is a necessary but not sufficient condition. A building can withstand an earthquake or a flood, but that does not mean that the life it held will go back to be developed in a normal way. Hence, based on the experience after the 2010 earthquake, this text advocates resilience as a key concept, a scope of which goes far beyond mere material resistance.
- ItemRetrofitting strategies for social housing buildings in different climate conditions.: The Corvi 1010-1020 block type in three Chilean cities(MDPI Open Access Journals, 2018) Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Schmitt Rivera, Cristián; Bunster Milnes, Víctor Andrés; Martínez Torres, María Paula; Chateau Gannon, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)Currently, less than 2% of the residential building stock in Chile meets minimum of thermal performance conditions while the current approach to social housing development has proved incapable of ensuring appropriate living standards. Demolishing housing blocks to replace them with new buildings is economically inefficient, environmentally damaging and socially unacceptable, as these structures represent an opportunity to renovate and upgrade existing buildings without disrupting consolidated communities. This ongoing research focuses on renovating the CORVI 1010-1020 housing blocks, a building type that was massively built across the country between 1968 and 1978. Today it is possible to find more than 2,000 units of this type of building—with no significant design variations—throughout Chile, hence between latitudes 18°S and 53°S of extremely diverse climates. This paper analyses the impact of different energy retrofitting strategies in the thermal performance of these emblematic housing estates. Accordingly, building energy simulation is used to evaluate three scenarios, i.e., the original design without changes, a retrofitting proposal focused on meeting current thermal code requirements, and an expansion proposal aimed at increasing both thermal performance and life quality conditions. In order to assess the performance of these scenarios, the simulations focused on three cities with contrasting climatic conditions, i.e., hot-arid (Arica, 18°27'S), Mediterranean (Santiago, 33°27′S) and tundra (Punta Arenas, 53°08′S). Operational energy demand, accumulated hours of thermal discomfort, and payback time periods are considered for comparative analysis. Whereas the results evidence that the cost-effectiveness of the proposed alternatives increases in colder climatic conditions dependant on space heating; overall, this study demonstrates that the retrofitting of these social housing buildings can help achieving significant heating and cooling energy savings as well as improving indoor thermal comfort conditions.
- ItemSantiago de Chile through the eyes of Jane Jacobs. Analysis of the conditions for urban vitality in a Latin American metropolis(2020) Fuentes Arce, Luis; Miralles Guasch, C.; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo; Delclòs Alió, X.; Flores, M.; Rodríguez, S.; CEDEUS (Chile)The urban planning ideas proposed by Jane Jacobs in the 1960s remain relevant to this day, promoting a perspective on the relationship between urban morphology and the community that takes into consideration the experiences of the people themselves in the planning of cities. With Jacobs’ ideas in mind, this article seeks to explore the urban territory of Santiago, Chile, and to assess the vitality of its neighborhoods with their diversity of morphological, architectural, and spatial characteristics. The results reveal a spatial reality that differs considerably from typical interpretations of this and other cities across Latin America, characterized by a strong radial center–periphery dynamic interspersed with sub-centers of high vitality, mainly in the form of rural towns and villages that, over time, became absorbed into the urban fabric of Santiago, along with social housing estates located on what used to be the urban periphery.
- ItemUrban systems of accumulation: half a century of Chilean neoliberal urban policies(Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2019) Navarrete-Hernández, Pablo; Toro, Fernando; CEDEUS (Chile)We analyse a half-century of Chilean urban reforms to explain the introduction of a system of urban accumulation by dispossession of public resources and opportunities. Three stages have been conceptualised in the imposition of a neoliberal creative-destructive process: proto-neoliberalism, roll-back and roll-out periods. Empirical studies have traditionally analysed this process by examining a single urban policy's evolution over time. In this paper, we go beyond these types of studies by performing a systemic analysis of multiple urban policy reforms in Santiago, Chile. We use a genealogical thematic analysis to track changes in laws, government programmes and planning documents from between 1952 and 2014. Our analysis identifies different “urban systems of accumulation” by looking at the interplay of four urban policies: (1) urban planning deregulation; (2) social housing privatisation; (3) devolution of territorial taxes; and (4) decreased public service provision. Moreover, our multidimensional policy analysis in Santiago characterises a more radical, fourth expression in the creative destruction process of “accumulation by dismantling”. Consequently, we advocate for more multidimensional urban policy research that goes beyond a three-period analysis in order to gain a deeper understanding of contemporary neoliberal creative-destructive processes in variegated geographies.