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- ItemA lightweight fiber-based approach to reduce the risk of concrete detachment in shotcrete fortified tunnels(2020) Ortiz, C.; Lillo Gallardo, Patricio Andrés; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemA simple low-cost approach for transport parameter determination in mountain rivers(2021) Castillo, Daniela; Runkel, Robert L.; Duhalde, Denisse; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; Arumí, José L.; Oyarzún, Jorge; Núñez, Jorge; Maturana, Hugo; Oyarzún, Ricardo; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)A simplified low-cost approach to experimentally determine transport parameters inmountain rivers is described,with an emphasis on the longitudinal dispersion coefficient(DL). The approach is based on a slug injectionof table salt (NaCl) as a tracer and specificconductance readings at different locations downstream of the injection spot. Observedspecific conductance readings are fit using the advection-dispersion equation withOTIS-P, yielding estimates of cross-sectional area and longitudinal dispersion coefficientfor various stream reaches. Estimates of theDLare used to assess the accuracy of sev-eral empirical equations reported in the literature. This allowed the determination ofcomplementary transport parameters related to transient storage zones. The empiricalequations yielded rather highDLvalues, with some reaching up an order of magnitudehigher to those obtained from tracer additions and OTIS-P. Overall, the proposedapproach seems reliable and pertinent for river reaches of ca. 150 m in length.
- ItemAccessibility disturbances to the biodiversity of urban wetlands due to built environment(2022) Jorquera Guajardo, Felipe Ignacio; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemAccessibility: Enablement by access to valued opportunities(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemAir Bubbles as an Admixture for Printable Concrete: A Review of the Rheological Effect of Entrained Air(2022) Eugenin, C.; Navarrete, I.; Brevis Vergara, Wernher Ariel; Lopez, M.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemAnalysis and comparison of two vegetative roof heat and mass transfer models in three different climates(2019) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Pinto, Camilo; Tabares Velasco, Paulo César; Molina, Germán; Flamant, Gilles; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Pianella, Andrea; Kincaid, Nicholas; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemAssessing the impact of cycling infrastructure: A non-linear hedonic model for Santiago de Chile(2024) Vega, Rodrigo; Greene, Margarita; Ortuzar Salas, Juan De Dios; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemAssessment of the Effect of Phase Change Material (PCM) Glazing on the Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort of an Office in a Semiarid Climate(2021) Daniel Uribe; Sergio Vera; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed facades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings' energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings' energy performance and occupants' thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented facade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consumption of the HVAC system, PCM glazing reduces energy consumption during summer and mid-seasons and significantly reduces the peak loads in summer. A meaningful improvement in thermal comfort is achieved due to the control of the mean radiant temperature for the whole year. Considering visual comfort, there is an improvement in the luminance distribution in winter and mid-season cold conditions.
- ItemBig data and policy making: between real time management and the experimental dimension of policies(2019) Concilio, Grazia; Pucci, Paola; Vecchio, Giovanni; Lanza, Giovanni; Misra, Sanjay; Gervasi, Osvaldo; Murgante, Beniamino; Stankova, Elena; Korkhov, Vladimir; Torre, Carmelo; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Taniar, David; Apduhan, Bernady O.; Tarantino, Eufemia; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemBig data: hidden challenges for a fair mobility planning(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemCapturing and analysing heterogeneity in residential greywater reuse preferences using a latent class model(2021) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Hess, S.; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemCoastal Evolution in a Wetland Affected by Large Tsunamigenic Earthquakes in South-Central Chile: Criteria for Integrated Coastal Management(MDPI, 2021) Martínez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Sepúlveda-Zuñiga, Einer; Villagrán, Mauricio; Rojas, Octavio; Gómez, Matias; López, Pablo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)The coastal evolution of the microtidal Tubul-Raqui wetland in south-central Chile (36 degrees S), which historically has been affected by large earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly the 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8) subduction earthquakes and their associated tsunamis, is analyzed. Historical aerial photographs and topographic and bathymetric surveys from the 1961-2017 period, as well as salinity, sediment, and flora data obtained following the 2010 earthquake were used for comparison with data from prior to the event. A steady state of the shoreline was established, with an average erosion rate of -0.016 m/year in the 1961-2017 period. However, erosion predominated in the period between these two large earthquakes (1961-2009), with an average rate of -0.386 m/year. The wetland dried up, partially recovered saline intrusion a year later, and recovered the salinity conditions it had before the earthquake two years later. The postearthquake effects on the floristic composition were not significant, with the species Spartina densiflora, which presented a high tolerance to these types of changes, predominating. Moreover, 75 percent of the taxa in pre- and postearthquake conditions coincided, with the halophyte species Spartina densiflora, Sarcocornia fructicosa, and Cotula coronopifolia predominating, while the best-conserved community was Spartina-Sarcocornia association located in the saltmarsh. Seven years after the earthquake, the shoreline presented an accretion rate of 2.935 m/year; if the current tectonic conditions prevail, an erosive trend can be expected in the coming decades. The morphological variability and the changes associated with the shoreline in this wetland are strongly controlled by tectonic factors. Criteria aimed at integrated coastal management to promote its occupancy and use in accordance with its evolutionary dynamics are proposed.
- ItemCoastal Wetlands: Ecosystems Affected by Urbanization?(2020) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Novoa, Vanessa; Rojas, Octavio; Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón; Sáez, Katia; Fierro, Pablo; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)Coastal wetlands are ecosystems that provide multiple benefits to human settlements; nonetheless, they are seriously threatened due to both a lack of planning instruments and human activities associated mainly with urban growth. An understanding of their functioning and status is crucial for their protection and conservation. Two wetlands with different degrees of urbanization, Rocuant-Andalién (highly urbanized) and Tubul-Raqui (with little urbanization), were analyzed using temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, granulometry, fecal coliform, and macroinvertebrate assemblage variables in summer and winter. In both wetlands marked seasonality in salinity, temperature and sediment texture classification, regulated by oceanic influence and changes in the freshwater budget, was observed. In the Rocuant-Andalién wetland, the increases in pH, dissolved oxygen, gravel percentage, and coliform concentration were statistically significant. Urbanization generated negative impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblage structure that inhabit the wetlands; greater richness and abundance (8.5 times greater) were recorded in the Tubul-Raqui wetland than in the more urbanized wetland. The multivariate statistical analysis reflects the alteration of these complex systems.
- ItemCopper entrapment and immobilization during cement hydration in concrete mixtures containing copper tailings(2021) Vargas, Felipe; Alsina, Marco A.; Gaillard, Jean-François; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; López, Mauricio; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)The use of copper tailings as supplementary cementitious material can reduce the environmental impacts ofconcrete production and the mining industry. A key concern limiting its application is the potential leaching oftoxic metals from the cementitious matrix, especially copper. To analyze and reduce the risk of leaching, themechanisms by which copper is entrapped in the cementitious matrix were investigated, by combining micro-scopic and spectroscopic approaches. Decreasing the water-to-binder ratio was statistically relevant to reducecopper leaching. Scanning Electron Microscope micrographs allowed to spatially localize enriched copperclusters within the cementitious hydration products. In the early stages of the cementitious hydration (i.e., 24 h),no spatial correlation between copper and hydration products was found; however, after seven days, copper wasspatially associated with calcium silicate hydrates. Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopyprovided insights into the chemical speciation of copper in the cementitious matrix. It showed that copper sulfideand oxide phases persisted, whereas the copper sulfate phases were prone to dissolution and reprecipitation ascupric hydroxides induced by the relatively high pH from calcium hydroxides formed during hydration. Pro-moting the formation of hydration products can further reduce copper leaching from the alkaline cementitiousmatrix. A better understanding of metal entrapment mechanisms could lead to new strategies that reduce themobility of toxic elements when using copper tailings, increasing their use as a replacement of cement. With thisknowledge, it is expected to answer if it is possible to improve the copper entrapment into the cementitiousmatrix and if there is a risk of leaching once is entrapped.
- ItemDeveloping a very high-strength low-CO2 cementitious matrix based on a multi-binder approach for structural lightweight aggregate concrete(2020) Mena, J.; González, Marcelo; Remesar Lera, José Carlos; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemEffect of supplementary cementitious materials on viscosity of cement-based pastes(2022) Navarrete, I.; Kurama, Y.; Escalona, N.; Brevis Vergara, Wernher Ariel; Lopez, M.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemEmerging mobilities: New practices, new needs(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemEmployment and sustainability: the relation between precarious work and spatial inequality in the neoliberal city(2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Rehner, Johannes; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)The creation of employment opportunities is a key factor to economic growth, but when pursuing sus tainable development, work arrangements must also be fair and stable. In contrast, precarious employ ment is a common and serious limitation to prospects for development and personal well being in Latin American cities. Discussing this phenomenon in the developing world requires considering the ongoing transformation of the neoliberal urban labour market, the commodity-driven economic struc ture, and questioning how such features relate to the likelihood of urban sustainable development. The present study addresses precarity in urban labour markets and subjective perceptions of stability and prospects and asks how marginalisation and fragmented urban spaces in a neoliberal context relate to the structural characteristics of precarious labour. This relationship between labour and space is anal ysed based on survey data from different types of neighbourhoods in Chile’s two largest metropolitan areas – Santiago and Concepción – using multilevel regression and ANOVA. Our study finds that precar ious employment and poor prospects replicate and reinforce typical territorial inequalities and thus con stitute a serious limitation for sustainable development. We conclude that the current labour market, the features of neoliberal extractivism, and weak formal social protection are obstructing urban development that is sustainable in terms of employment. Thus, the conceptual debate on sustainability and urban pol icy should focus more on the negative effects of precarious employment and its particular relation to spatial fragmentation in growing urban areas.
- ItemEnabling mobilities: Reinterpreting concepts and tools(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemEnvironmental health risk perception: Adaptation of a population-based questionnaire from latin america(MDPI AG, 2021) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Burgos, Soledad; Adaros, Héctor; Lucero, Boris; Quiróz-Alcalá, Lesliam; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)BACKGROUND: Environmental risk assessments and interventions to mitigate environmental risks are essential to protect public health. While the objective measurement of environmental hazards is important, it is also critical to address the subjective perception of health risks. A population’s perception of environmental health hazards is a powerful driving force for action and engagement in safety and health behaviors and can also inform the development of effective and more sustainable environmental health policies. To date, no instruments are available to assess risk perception of environmental health hazards in South America even though there are many concerning issues in the region, including mining. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to adapt and validate an environmental health risk perception questionnaire in a Chilean population affected by mining activity among other risks frequently reported in Latin American countries and included the collection of information on trust on public information sources. METHODS: We adapted an Australian risk perception questionnaire for validation in an adult population from a Chilean mining community. This adaptation included two blinded translations (direct, inverse), a pre-test study (n = 20) and a review by environmental health experts. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was used to identify factors within major domains of interest. The Bartlett test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and the Cronbach α test were used to assess the instrument’s validity and reliability. The instrument was pilot tested in 205 adults from a mining community in Chañaral. RESULTS: The final adapted questionnaire proved to be a good instrument to measure risk perception in a community chronically exposed to mining waste. For community risks, four factors explained 59.4% of the variance. “Global Issues” (30.2%) included air pollution, contamination of mining, ozone layer depletion and vector diseases. For personal risks, the first two components explained 59.5% of the variance, the main factor (36.7%) was “unhealthy behaviors within the household”. For trust in information, the first factor (36.2%) included as main sources “Media and authorities”. The Cronbach α ranged between 0.68 and 0.75; and the KMO test between 0.7 to 0.79 for community and personal risks and trust. CONCLUSIONS: The final questionnaire is a simple, reliable and useful instrument that can assist in evaluating environmental health risk perceptions in Latin American countries.