3.17 Instituto de Sociología

Permanent URI for this community

https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/22016

Browse

Browsing 3.17 Instituto de Sociología by browse.metadata.categoria "Economía"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Influencing factors of postretirement work : in-depth analysis of the Chilean case
    (2020) Galkuté, Milda; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
    The unprecedented population ageing has had an impact on different settings in the societies across the globe, particularly on the health care and social protection of the elderly, pension reserve funds, and labour market trends. As a result, many governments have been advocating for active ageing by encouraging older adults to remain economically active even after reaching the legal retirement age. Thus, several contemporary scholars in social gerontology have argued that there is an urgent need for new research to focus on postretirement work-related concerns (Phillipson, 2018; Taylor et al., 2016). While this topic has already been addressed in many developed countries, especially in Europe, it remains under-studied in most developing countries like Chile, characterised by fast-paced population ageing process, the presence of a strong neoliberal perspective that promotes the dual-earner model, and deeply-rooted traditional gender roles that keep restraining older women from participating in economic activity. Hence, following the suggestions of contemporary social gerontologists and considering the particular scenery of Chile, this thesis aims to answer the following research question: What are the factors that drive older adults to remain employed after legal retirement age in Chile? To this end, I have conducted three interconnected studies. First, a systematic literature review to identify the factors associated with postretirement work in different countries; I then conducted a quantitative study to examine influencing factors of extended careers in Chile; Finally, I explored the intrinsic motivation to continue working of Chilean adults of retirement age through 32 semi-structured interviews. The systematic literature review provides further insight into which multidimensional factors are most likely to increase older workers’ probability to extend their careers, differentiating between the socio-demographic, implicit, work-related, and life-related factors. As for quantitative findings of this research, the results suggest that intrinsic motivation to continue working is a significant predictor of postretirement work among older Chilean adults, especially among women. This study also indicates that even though older Chilean women with discontinuous work trajectories are motivated to continue working, they have lower probabilities to do so when compared to their male counterparts. Finally, the qualitative part of this research provided a better understanding of intrinsic older adults’ work motivation by identifying three prevailing themes, namely, the meaning that work gives to life, future older adults’ projects and postretirement orientations, and work as the primary source of social interaction.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Salud, precariedad laboral y contexto macroeconómico regional en Chile: un análisis multinivel
    (2019) Dupré Álamos, María Sofía; Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerrat; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
    La presente investigación indaga acerca de la relación existente entre la salud de las personas, su precariedad laboral y el contexto macroeconómico de las regiones en donde residen. Esto, entendiendo a la precariedad laboral como un fenómeno multidimensional, complejo y heterogéneo. Por esto, para medir precariedad laboral se utilizó la Escala de Precariedad Laboral (Epres) realizada por la Employment Conditions Network en España adaptada para Chile, la cual da cuenta de dimensiones como la temporalidad, vulnerabilidad, los derechos, el salario, el ejercicio de los derechos y el desempoderamiento. Además, se tiene en cuenta que la realidad de la precariedad laboral es distinta para los trabajadores asalariados y los trabajadores por cuenta propia, por lo que se hizo un análisis separado para cada grupo. Para testear las hipótesis se utilizaron modelos de regresión logísticos multinivel, lo que contribuye a separar los efectos individuales de los contextuales, teniendo en cuenta dos niveles, pues se tienen a individuos con diferentes grados de precariedad laboral que están anidados en regiones con distintos contextos macroeconómicos. Los principales resultados evidencian que efectivamente la precariedad laboral afecta de manera negativa a la salud, y que, para los asalariados, son los determinantes individuales los que tienen más importancia. En cambio, para los trabajadores por cuenta propia ciertas variables regionales también juegan un rol importante, sobre todo la tasa de desempleo, y el tamaño del sector agricultor en la región sobre la salud mental. Así, la contribución de esta tesis radica en destacar la evidente relación que hay entre precariedad y salud, pero también la mayor vulnerabilidad que tienen los trabajadores por cuenta propia frente al contexto macroeconómico, en comparación a los asalariados que cuentan con una mayor protección.