3.13 Tesis magíster

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Browsing 3.13 Tesis magíster by Author "Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier"

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    Contribution of social, spatial, and economic frictions to the socioeconomic school segregation : evidence from Chile
    (2019) Baloian Gacitúa, Anushka; Figueroa González, Nicolás Andrés; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía
    A growing body of research has shown that increasing freedom of school choice may lead to higher socioeconomic school segregation. However, the evaluation of related educational policies requires a deeper understanding of the channels through which parental choices impact on socioeconomic school segregation, and a measure of the contribution of each of those channels. I look at rankordered Pre-Kindergarten preferences of high socioeconomic status (SES) and low-SES parents to explore this interrogation. Through the simulation of multiple counterfactual scenarios regarding school applications and the school admission process, I quantify the contribution of social, spatial, and economic frictions to socioeconomic school segregation in Chile. While removing social frictions leads to a significant decrease in socioeconomic school segregation, removing spatial frictions does not. Finally, removing economic frictions to all types of students leads to a significant increase in the levels of segregation due to highly congested school applications and heterogeneous preferences of high-SES and low-SES parents concerning school attributes.
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    Information acquisition in the context of a centralized school admission system
    (2021) Correa Besoain, Felipe Antonio; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Figueroa González, Nicolás Andrés; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía
    In the context of a centralized school admission system—specifically a Deferred Acceptance- we study the process of information acquisition over the quality of a school. Under the assumption of homogeneous agents in everything except on their cost for acquiring information, we analyze the different equilibriums that can arise and how they differ from what a Social Planner does. We present two versions of the model, one where the agents' valuations over the school are independent of each other, and a second where agents have common valuations over the school. In the first model, we find both positive and negative externalities of the agents' information acquisition. The result depends on what the uninformed agents prefer to do. In the second one, the behavior of the uninformed agents' is endogenous to the model because of what we call the ``curse of the uninformed", produced by those with small information acquisition costs taking advantage of that, and avoiding the school when it is of bad quality; giving those who do not acquire a greater probability of being selected in that case. There, in almost all cases, we found negative externalities from the acquisition of information. This work suggests that, under certain conditions of the uninformed agents' behavior, when the preferences over schools are horizontally differentiated, there could be gains if a central authority implements policies to reduce the information's cost. However, if the agents' valuations are common, it is difficult to improve the aggregate welfare by making information cheaper. In almost all cases, it will make aggregate welfare fall. Making those with the highest cost worse off.
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    Next station : crime, impact of the expansion of Santiago's subway network on criminal activity
    (2020) Iruarrizaga Tagle, Miguel de; Silva M., Hugo; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía
    This thesis explores the effect of a subway network expansion on different crime outcomes. During the mid-2000s Santiago's (Chile) subway system grew by nearly 50%. I use Difference in Differences and Event Study approaches, and a novel dataset that looks at both the location of crimes and the offender's home address. I find that people living near the new stations committed fewer property crimes after they opened. Larceny falls around 45%, three to five years after the inaugurations. I also find a smaller negative effect on violence-related crimes. Exploring different mechanisms, I find that the Metro expansion helped reduce commuting time, and to increase wages and working hours. This set of results could imply that better connectivity helps reduce criminal activity by creating better job opportunities.
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    Worthwhile or not? Estimating the impacts of AI-based recommendation systems on Chile’s school choice system
    (2020) Icaran Sagaceta, Rodrigo Ignacio; Figueroa González, Nicolás Andrés; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Economía
    This paper studies the effects of implementing a recommender system in the context of the Chilean School Choice System. We develop an artificial intelligence-based algorithm for suggesting schools to students. Using these suggestions as input, and conjecturing different levels of acceptance rates by the population, we evaluate the general equilibrium effects of this policy. If, on average, students accepted one suggestion each, this technology could decrease the percentage of non-assigned students by 1.5pp. However, since good schools are a scarce resource, not everyone benefits from this policy. We find minor effects on commuting distances and assigned schools’ SIMCE scores. Also, we show that this technology has small but negative impacts on social welfare from a utilitarian perspective. Our results offer powerful insight for public policy and suggest that the impacts of a recommender system in a context of rival goods may be counterintuitive.