First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration

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dc.contributor.authorAkiyama, Kazunori
dc.contributor.authorAlberdi, Antxon
dc.contributor.authorAlef, Walter
dc.contributor.authorAlgaba, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.authorAnantua, Richard
dc.contributor.authorAsada, Keiichi
dc.contributor.authorAzulay, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorBach, Uwe
dc.contributor.authorBaczko, Anne-Kathrin
dc.contributor.authorBall, David
dc.contributor.authorBalokovic, Mislav
dc.contributor.authorBarrett, John
dc.contributor.authorBaubock, Michi
dc.contributor.authorBenson, Bradford A.
dc.contributor.authorBintley, Dan
dc.contributor.authorBlackburn, Lindy
dc.contributor.authorBlundell, Raymond
dc.contributor.authorBouman, Katherine L.
dc.contributor.authorBower, Geoffrey C.
dc.contributor.authorBoyce, Hope
dc.contributor.authorBremer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorBrinkerink, Christiaan D.
dc.contributor.authorBrissenden, Roger
dc.contributor.authorBritzen, Silke
dc.contributor.authorBroderick, Avery E.
dc.contributor.authorBroguiere, Dominique
dc.contributor.authorBronzwaer, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorBustamante, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorByun, Do-Young
dc.contributor.authorCarlstrom, John E.
dc.contributor.authorCeccobello, Chiara
dc.contributor.authorChael, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorChan, Chi-kwan
dc.contributor.authorChatterjee, Koushik
dc.contributor.authorChatterjee, Shami
dc.contributor.authorChen, Ming-Tang
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yongjun
dc.contributor.authorCheng, Xiaopeng
dc.contributor.authorCho, Ilje
dc.contributor.authorChristian, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorConroy, Nicholas S.
dc.contributor.authorConway, John E.
dc.contributor.authorCordes, James M.
dc.contributor.authorCrawford, Thomas M.
dc.contributor.authorCrew, Geoffrey B.
dc.contributor.authorCruz-Osorio, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorCui, Yuzhu
dc.contributor.authorDavelaar, Jordy
dc.contributor.authorDe Laurentis, Mariafelicia
dc.contributor.authorDeane, Roger
dc.contributor.authorDempsey, Jessica
dc.contributor.authorDesvignes, Gregory
dc.contributor.authorDexter, Jason
dc.contributor.authorDhruv, Vedant
dc.contributor.authorDoeleman, Sheperd S.
dc.contributor.authorDougal, Sean
dc.contributor.authorDzib, Sergio A.
dc.contributor.authorEatough, Ralph P.
dc.contributor.authorEmami, Razieh
dc.contributor.authorFalcke, Heino
dc.contributor.authorFarah, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorFish, Vincent L.
dc.contributor.authorFomalont, Ed
dc.contributor.authorFord, H. Alyson
dc.contributor.authorFraga-Encinas, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorFreeman, William T.
dc.contributor.authorFriberg, Per
dc.contributor.authorFromm, Christian M.
dc.contributor.authorFuentes, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorGalison, Peter
dc.contributor.authorGammie, Charles F.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorGentaz, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorGeorgiev, Boris
dc.contributor.authorGoddi, Ciriaco
dc.contributor.authorGold, Roman
dc.contributor.authorGomez-Ruiz, Arturo, I
dc.contributor.authorGomez, Jose L.
dc.contributor.authorGu, Minfeng
dc.contributor.authorGurwell, Mark
dc.contributor.authorHada, Kazuhiro
dc.contributor.authorHaggard, Daryl
dc.contributor.authorHaworth, Kari
dc.contributor.authorHecht, Michael H.
dc.contributor.authorHesper, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorHeumann, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorHo, Luis C.
dc.contributor.authorHo, Paul
dc.contributor.authorHonma, Mareki
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Chih-Wei L.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Lei
dc.contributor.authorHughes, David H.
dc.contributor.authorIkeda, Shiro
dc.contributor.authorImpellizzeri, C. M. Violette
dc.contributor.authorInoue, Makoto
dc.contributor.authorIssaoun, Sara
dc.contributor.authorJames, David J.
dc.contributor.authorJannuzi, Buell T.
dc.contributor.authorJanssen, Michael
dc.contributor.authorJeter, Britton
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Wu
dc.contributor.authorJimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Michael D.
dc.contributor.authorJorstad, Svetlana
dc.contributor.authorJoshi, Abhishek, V
dc.contributor.authorJung, Taehyun
dc.contributor.authorKarami, Mansour
dc.contributor.authorKaruppusamy, Ramesh
dc.contributor.authorKawashima, Tomohisa
dc.contributor.authorKeating, Garrett K.
dc.contributor.authorKettenis, Mark
dc.contributor.authorKim, Dong-Jin
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jae-Young
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jongsoo
dc.contributor.authorKim, Junhan
dc.contributor.authorKino, Motoki
dc.contributor.authorKoay, Jun Yi
dc.contributor.authorKocherlakota, Prashant
dc.contributor.authorKofuji, Yutaro
dc.contributor.authorKoch, Patrick M.
dc.contributor.authorKoyama, Shoko
dc.contributor.authorKramer, Carsten
dc.contributor.authorKramer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKrichbaum, Thomas P.
dc.contributor.authorKuo, Cheng-Yu
dc.contributor.authorLa Bella, Noemi
dc.contributor.authorLauer, Tod R.
dc.contributor.authorLee, Daeyoung
dc.contributor.authorLee, Sang-Sung
dc.contributor.authorLeung, Po Kin
dc.contributor.authorLevis, Aviad
dc.contributor.authorLi, Zhiyuan
dc.contributor.authorLico, Rocco
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Greg
dc.contributor.authorLindqvist, Michael
dc.contributor.authorLisakov, Mikhail
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Jun
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Kuo
dc.contributor.authorLiuzzo, Elisabetta
dc.contributor.authorLo, Wen-Ping
dc.contributor.authorLobanov, Andrei P.
dc.contributor.authorLoinard, Laurent
dc.contributor.authorLonsdale, Colin J.
dc.contributor.authorLu, Ru-Sen
dc.contributor.authorMao, Jirong
dc.contributor.authorMarchili, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorMarkoff, Sera
dc.contributor.authorMarrone, Daniel P.
dc.contributor.authorMarscher, Alan P.
dc.contributor.authorMarti-Vidal, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorMatsushita, Satoki
dc.contributor.authorMatthews, Lynn D.
dc.contributor.authorMedeiros, Lia
dc.contributor.authorMenten, Karl M.
dc.contributor.authorMichalik, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorMizuno, Izumi
dc.contributor.authorMizuno, Yosuke
dc.contributor.authorMoran, James M.
dc.contributor.authorMoriyama, Kotaro
dc.contributor.authorMoscibrodzka, Monika
dc.contributor.authorMuller, Cornelia
dc.contributor.authorMus, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorMusoke, Gibwa
dc.contributor.authorMyserlis, Ioannis
dc.contributor.authorNadolski, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorNagai, Hiroshi
dc.contributor.authorNagar, Neil M.
dc.contributor.authorNakamura, Masanori
dc.contributor.authorNarayan, Ramesh
dc.contributor.authorNarayanan, Gopal
dc.contributor.authorNatarajan, Iniyan
dc.contributor.authorNathanail, Antonios
dc.contributor.authorFuentes, Santiago Navarro
dc.contributor.authorNeilsen, Joey
dc.contributor.authorNeri, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorNi, Chunchong
dc.contributor.authorNoutsos, Aristeidis
dc.contributor.authorNowak, Michael A.
dc.contributor.authorOh, Junghwan
dc.contributor.authorOkino, Hiroki
dc.contributor.authorOlivares, Hector
dc.contributor.authorOrtiz-Leon, Gisela N.
dc.contributor.authorOyama, Tomoaki
dc.contributor.authorPalumbo, Daniel C. M.
dc.contributor.authorParaschos, Georgios Filippos
dc.contributor.authorPark, Jongho
dc.contributor.authorParsons, Harriet
dc.contributor.authorPatel, Nimesh
dc.contributor.authorPen, Ue-Li
dc.contributor.authorPesce, Dominic W.
dc.contributor.authorPietu, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorPlambeck, Richard
dc.contributor.authorPopStefanija, Aleksandar
dc.contributor.authorPorth, Oliver
dc.contributor.authorPotzl, Felix M.
dc.contributor.authorPrather, Ben
dc.contributor.authorPreciado-Lopez, Jorge A.
dc.contributor.authorPu, Hung-Yi
dc.contributor.authorRamakrishnan, Venkatessh
dc.contributor.authorRao, Ramprasad
dc.contributor.authorRawlings, Mark G.
dc.contributor.authorRaymond, Alexander W.
dc.contributor.authorRezzolla, Luciano
dc.contributor.authorRicarte, Angelo
dc.contributor.authorRipperda, Bart
dc.contributor.authorRoelofs, Freek
dc.contributor.authorRogers, Alan
dc.contributor.authorRos, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorRomero-Canizales, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorRoshanineshat, Arash
dc.contributor.authorRottmann, Helge
dc.contributor.authorRoy, Alan L.
dc.contributor.authorRuiz, Ignacio
dc.contributor.authorRuszczyk, Chet
dc.contributor.authorRygl, Kazi L. J.
dc.contributor.authorSanchez, Salvador
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Arguelles, David
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Portal, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorSasada, Mahito
dc.contributor.authorSatapathy, Kaushik
dc.contributor.authorSavolainen, Tuomas
dc.contributor.authorSchloerb, F. Peter
dc.contributor.authorSchonfeld, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorSchuster, Karl-Friedrich
dc.contributor.authorShao, Lijing
dc.contributor.authorShen, Zhiqiang
dc.contributor.authorSmall, Des
dc.contributor.authorSohn, Bong Won
dc.contributor.authorSooHoo, Jason
dc.contributor.authorSouccar, Kamal
dc.contributor.authorSun, He
dc.contributor.authorTazaki, Fumie
dc.contributor.authorTetarenko, Alexandra J.
dc.contributor.authorTiede, Paul
dc.contributor.authorTilanus, Remo P. J.
dc.contributor.authorTitus, Michael
dc.contributor.authorTorne, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorTraianou, Efthalia
dc.contributor.authorTrent, Tyler
dc.contributor.authorTrippe, Sascha
dc.contributor.authorTurk, Matthew
dc.contributor.authorvan Bemmel, Ilse
dc.contributor.authorvan Langevelde, Huib Jan
dc.contributor.authorvan Rossum, Daniel R.
dc.contributor.authorVos, Jesse
dc.contributor.authorWagner, Jan
dc.contributor.authorWard-Thompson, Derek
dc.contributor.authorWardle, John
dc.contributor.authorWeintroub, Jonathan
dc.contributor.authorWex, Norbert
dc.contributor.authorWharton, Robert
dc.contributor.authorWielgus, Maciek
dc.contributor.authorWiik, Kaj
dc.contributor.authorWitzel, Gunther
dc.contributor.authorWondrak, Michael F.
dc.contributor.authorWong, George N.
dc.contributor.authorWu, Qingwen
dc.contributor.authorYamaguchi, Paul
dc.contributor.authorYoon, Doosoo
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Andre
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Ken
dc.contributor.authorYounsi, Ziri
dc.contributor.authorYuan, Feng
dc.contributor.authorYuan, Ye-Fei
dc.contributor.authorZensus, J. Anton
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Shuo
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Guang-Yao
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Shan-Shan
dc.contributor.authorAgurto, Claudio
dc.contributor.authorAraneda, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.authorArriagada, Oriel
dc.contributor.authorBertarini, Alessandra
dc.contributor.authorBerthold, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorBlanchard, Jay
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Ken
dc.contributor.authorCardenas, Mauricio
dc.contributor.authorCantzler, Michael
dc.contributor.authorCaro, Patricio
dc.contributor.authorChuter, Tim C.
dc.contributor.authorCiechanowicz, Miroslaw
dc.contributor.authorCoulson, Iain M.
dc.contributor.authorCrowley, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorDegenaar, Nathalie
dc.contributor.authorDornbusch, Sven
dc.contributor.authorDuran, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.authorForster, Karl
dc.contributor.authorGeertsema, Gertie
dc.contributor.authorGonzalez, Edouard
dc.contributor.authorGraham, Dave
dc.contributor.authorGueth, Frederic
dc.contributor.authorHan, Chih-Chiang
dc.contributor.authorHerrera, Cristian
dc.contributor.authorHerrero-Illana, Ruben
dc.contributor.authorHeyminck, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorHoge, James
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Yau-De
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Homin
dc.contributor.authorJohn, David
dc.contributor.authorKlein, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorKubo, Derek
dc.contributor.authorKuroda, John
dc.contributor.authorKwon, Caleb
dc.contributor.authorLaing, Robert
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Ching-Tang
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Kuan-Yu
dc.contributor.authorMac-Auliffe, Felipe
dc.contributor.authorMartin-Cocher, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorMatulonis, Callie
dc.contributor.authorMessias, Hugo
dc.contributor.authorMeyer-Zhao, Zheng
dc.contributor.authorMontenegro-Montes, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorMontgomerie, William
dc.contributor.authorMuders, Dirk
dc.contributor.authorNishioka, Hiroaki
dc.contributor.authorNorton, Timothy J.
dc.contributor.authorOlivares, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorPerez-Beaupuits, Juan Pablo
dc.contributor.authorParra, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorPoirier, Michael
dc.contributor.authorPradel, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorRaffin, Philippe A.
dc.contributor.authorRamirez, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorReynolds, Mark
dc.contributor.authorSaez-Madain, Alejandro F.
dc.contributor.authorSantana, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Kevin M.
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Don
dc.contributor.authorStahm, William
dc.contributor.authorTorstensson, Karl
dc.contributor.authorVenegas, Paulina
dc.contributor.authorWalther, Craig
dc.contributor.authorWieching, Gundolf
dc.contributor.authorWijnands, Rudy
dc.contributor.authorWouterloot, Jan G. A.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-20T21:07:47Z
dc.date.available2025-01-20T21:07:47Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractWe present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5-11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of similar to 50 mu as, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.3847/2041-8213/ac6675
dc.identifier.eissn2041-8213
dc.identifier.issn2041-8205
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6675
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/93436
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000794030300001
dc.issue.numero2
dc.language.isoen
dc.revistaAstrophysical journal letters
dc.rightsacceso restringido
dc.titleFirst Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen930
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadWOS;2025-01-12
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