El asunto de la obligación de negociar entre Bolivia y Chile. Comentario de la sentencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia de fecha 1 de octubre de 2018
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Date
2020
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Abstract
La sentencia de fondo en el asunto de la obligación de negociar un acceso al Océano Pacífico le puso fin a una aventura judicial que Bolivia comenzara cinco años antes en contra de Chile. Esta no solo resume más de un siglo y medio de intercambios diplomáticos entre ambos estados, sino que los analiza desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional. Poco se innovó en este fallo respecto de tratados, actos unilaterales y comportamientos recíprocos de los estados. Más interesante es la reiteración que hizo el tribunal de las obligaciones de medios y de resultado, por un lado, y de los acuerdos tácitos, por otro. Esta sentencia, sin embargo, marca un antes y un después en las relaciones boliviano-chilenas, y pasa a constituir un verdadero tour de force de su evaluación jurídica.
The judgment on the merits of the case on the obligation to negotiate an access to the Pacific Ocean put an end to a judicial adventure that Bolivia started five years before against Chile. It not only resumes more than a century and a half of diplomatic exchanges between both states, but also analyses them from the perspective of international law. Little is new in this judgment with respect to treaties, unilateral acts and reciprocal behaviour of states. More interesting is the reiteration made by the tribunal of the obligations of means and of result, on one side, and of tacit agreements, on the other. This decision, however, marks a turning point in the Bolivian-Chilean relations, and constitutes a veritable tour de force of its legal evaluation.
The judgment on the merits of the case on the obligation to negotiate an access to the Pacific Ocean put an end to a judicial adventure that Bolivia started five years before against Chile. It not only resumes more than a century and a half of diplomatic exchanges between both states, but also analyses them from the perspective of international law. Little is new in this judgment with respect to treaties, unilateral acts and reciprocal behaviour of states. More interesting is the reiteration made by the tribunal of the obligations of means and of result, on one side, and of tacit agreements, on the other. This decision, however, marks a turning point in the Bolivian-Chilean relations, and constitutes a veritable tour de force of its legal evaluation.
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Keywords
Corte International de Justicia, Obligación de negociar, Tratados, Actos unilaterales, Comportamientos recíprocos, International Court of Justice, Obligation to negotiate, Treaties, Unilateral acts, Reciprocal behaviour.