Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

dc.contributor.authorMicah, Angela E.
dc.contributor.authorCogswell, Ian E.
dc.contributor.authorCunningham, Brandon
dc.contributor.authorEzoe, Satoshi
dc.contributor.authorHarle, Anton C.
dc.contributor.authorMaddison, Emilie R.
dc.contributor.authorMcCracken, Darrah
dc.contributor.authorNomura, Shuhei
dc.contributor.authorSimpson, Kyle E.
dc.contributor.authorStutzman, Hayley N.
dc.contributor.authorTsakalos, Golsum
dc.contributor.authorWallace, Lindsey E.
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Yingxi
dc.contributor.authorZende, Rahul R.
dc.contributor.authorAbbafati, Cristiana
dc.contributor.authorAbdelmasseh, Michael
dc.contributor.authorAbedi, Aidin
dc.contributor.authorAbegaz, Kedir Hussein
dc.contributor.authorAbhilash, E. S.
dc.contributor.authorAbolhassani, Hassan
dc.contributor.authorAbrigo, Michael R. M.
dc.contributor.authorAdhikari, Tara Ballav
dc.contributor.authorAfzal, Saira
dc.contributor.authorAhinkorah, Bright Opoku
dc.contributor.authorAhmadi, Sepideh
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Haroon
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Muktar Beshir
dc.contributor.authorRashid, Tarik Ahmed
dc.contributor.authorAjami, Marjan
dc.contributor.authorAji, Budi
dc.contributor.authorAkalu, Yonas
dc.contributor.authorAkunna, Chisom Joyqueenet
dc.contributor.authorAl Hamad, Hanadi
dc.contributor.authorAlam, Khurshid
dc.contributor.authorAlanezi, Fahad Mashhour
dc.contributor.authorAlanzi, Turki M.
dc.contributor.authorAlemayehu, Yosef
dc.contributor.authorAlhassan, Robert Kaba
dc.contributor.authorAlinia, Cyrus
dc.contributor.authorAljunid, Syed Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorAlmustanyir, Sami Almustanyir
dc.contributor.authorAlvis Guzman, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorAlvis Zakzuk, Nelson J.
dc.contributor.authorAmini, Saeed
dc.contributor.authorAmini Rarani, Mostafa
dc.contributor.authorAmu, Hubert
dc.contributor.authorAncuceanu, Robert
dc.contributor.authorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
dc.contributor.authorAndrei, Tudorel
dc.contributor.authorAngell, Blake
dc.contributor.authorAnjomshoa, Mina
dc.contributor.authorAntonio, Carl Abelardo T.
dc.contributor.authorAntony, Catherine M.
dc.contributor.authorAqeel, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorArabloo, Jalal
dc.contributor.authorArab Zozani, Morteza
dc.contributor.authorAripov, Timur
dc.contributor.authorArrigo, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorAshraf, Tahira
dc.contributor.authorAtnafu, Desta Debalkie
dc.contributor.authorAusloos, Marcel
dc.contributor.authorAvila Burgos, Leticia
dc.contributor.authorAwan, Asma Tahir
dc.contributor.authorAyano, Getinet
dc.contributor.authorAyanore, Martin Amogre
dc.contributor.authorAzari, Samad
dc.contributor.authorAzhar, Gulrez Shah
dc.contributor.authorBabalola, Tesleem Kayode
dc.contributor.authorBahrami, Mohammad Amin
dc.contributor.authorBaig, Atif Amin
dc.contributor.authorBanach, Maciej
dc.contributor.authorBarati, Nastaran
dc.contributor.authorBarnighausen, Till Winfried
dc.contributor.authorBarrow, Amadou
dc.contributor.authorBasu, Sanjay
dc.contributor.authorBaune, Bernhard T.
dc.contributor.authorBayati, Mohsen
dc.contributor.authorBenzian, Habib
dc.contributor.authorBerman, Adam E.
dc.contributor.authorBhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
dc.contributor.authorBhardwaj, Nikha
dc.contributor.authorBhardwaj, Pankaj
dc.contributor.authorBhaskar, Sonu
dc.contributor.authorBibi, Sadia
dc.contributor.authorBijani, Ali
dc.contributor.authorBodolica, Virginia
dc.contributor.authorBragazzi, Nicola Luigi
dc.contributor.authorBraithwaite, Dejana
dc.contributor.authorBreitborde, Nicholas J. K.
dc.contributor.authorBreusov, Alexey V.
dc.contributor.authorBriko, Nikolay Ivanovich
dc.contributor.authorBusse, Reinhard
dc.contributor.authorCahuana Hurtado, Lucero
dc.contributor.authorCallander, Emily Joy
dc.contributor.authorCamera, Luis Alberto
dc.contributor.authorCastaneda Orjuela, Carlos A.
dc.contributor.authorCatala Lopez, Ferran
dc.contributor.authorCharan, Jaykaran
dc.contributor.authorChatterjee, Souranshu
dc.contributor.authorChattu, Soosanna Kumary
dc.contributor.authorChattu, Vijay Kumar
dc.contributor.authorChen, Simiao
dc.contributor.authorCicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe
dc.contributor.authorDadras, Omid
dc.contributor.authorDahlawi, Saad M. A.
dc.contributor.authorDai, Xiaochen
dc.contributor.authorDalal, Koustuv
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Lalit
dc.contributor.authorDandona, Rakhi
dc.contributor.authorDavitoiu, Dragos Virgil
dc.contributor.authorDe Neve, Jan Walter
dc.contributor.authorde Sa Junior, Antonio Reis
dc.contributor.authorDenova Gutierrez, Edgar
dc.contributor.authorDhamnetiya, Deepak
dc.contributor.authorDharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
dc.contributor.authorDoshmangir, Leila
dc.contributor.authorDube, John
dc.contributor.authorEhsani Chimeh, Elham
dc.contributor.authorZaki, Maysaa El Sayed
dc.contributor.authorEl Tantawi, Maha
dc.contributor.authorEskandarieh, Sharareh
dc.contributor.authorFarzadfar, Farshad
dc.contributor.authorFerede, Tomas Y.
dc.contributor.authorFischer, Florian
dc.contributor.authorFoigt, Nataliya A.
dc.contributor.authorFreitas, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorFriedman, Sara D.
dc.contributor.authorFukumoto, Takeshi
dc.contributor.authorFullman, Nancy
dc.contributor.authorGaal, Peter Andras
dc.contributor.authorGad, Mohamed M.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia Gordillo, M. A.
dc.contributor.authorGarg, Tushar
dc.contributor.authorGhafourifard, Mansour
dc.contributor.authorGhashghaee, Ahmad
dc.contributor.authorGholamian, Asadollah
dc.contributor.authorGholamrezanezhad, Ali
dc.contributor.authorGhozali, Ghozali
dc.contributor.authorGilani, Syed Amir
dc.contributor.authorGlavan, Ionela Roxana
dc.contributor.authorGlushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna
dc.contributor.authorGoharinezhad, Salime
dc.contributor.authorGolechha, Mahaveer
dc.contributor.authorGoli, Srinivas
dc.contributor.authorGuha, Avirup
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Veer Bala
dc.contributor.authorGupta, Vivek Kumar
dc.contributor.authorHaakenstad, Annie
dc.contributor.authorHaider, Mohammad Rifat
dc.contributor.authorHailu, Alemayehu
dc.contributor.authorHamidi, Samer
dc.contributor.authorHanif, Asif
dc.contributor.authorHarapan, Harapan
dc.contributor.authorHartono, Risky Kusuma
dc.contributor.authorHasaballah, Ahmed I.
dc.contributor.authorHassan, Shoaib
dc.contributor.authorHassanein, Mohamed H.
dc.contributor.authorHayat, Khezar
dc.contributor.authorHegazy, Mohamed I.
dc.contributor.authorHeidari, Golnaz
dc.contributor.authorHendrie, Delia
dc.contributor.authorHeredia Pi, Ileana
dc.contributor.authorHerteliu, Claudiu
dc.contributor.authorHezam, Kamal
dc.contributor.authorHolla, Ramesh
dc.contributor.authorHossain, Sheikh Jamal
dc.contributor.authorHosseinzadeh, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorHostiuc, Sorin
dc.contributor.authorHuda, Tanvir M.
dc.contributor.authorHwang, Bing Fang
dc.contributor.authorIavicoli, Ivo
dc.contributor.authorIdrisov, Bulat
dc.contributor.authorIlesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
dc.contributor.authorIrvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
dc.contributor.authorIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
dc.contributor.authorIsmail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
dc.contributor.authorIsola, Gaetano
dc.contributor.authorJahani, Mohammad Ali
dc.contributor.authorJahanmehr, Nader
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic, Mihajlo
dc.contributor.authorJanodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
dc.contributor.authorJavaheri, Tahereh
dc.contributor.authorJayapal, Sathish Kumar
dc.contributor.authorJayawardena, Ranil
dc.contributor.authorJazayeri, Seyed Behzad
dc.contributor.authorJha, Ravi Prakash
dc.contributor.authorJonas, Jost B.
dc.contributor.authorJoo, Tamas
dc.contributor.authorJoukar, Farahnaz
dc.contributor.authorJurisson, Mikk
dc.contributor.authorKaambwa, Billingsley
dc.contributor.authorKalhor, Rohollah
dc.contributor.authorKanchan, Tanuj
dc.contributor.authorKandel, Himal
dc.contributor.authorMatin, Behzad Karami
dc.contributor.authorKarimi, Salah Eddin
dc.contributor.authorKassahun, Getinet
dc.contributor.authorKayode, Gbenga A.
dc.contributor.authorKaryani, Ali Kazemi
dc.contributor.authorKeikavoosi Arani, Leila
dc.contributor.authorKhader, Yousef Saleh
dc.contributor.authorKhajuria, Himanshu
dc.contributor.authorKhalilov, Rovshan
dc.contributor.authorKhammarnia, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Junaid
dc.contributor.authorKhubchandani, Jagdish
dc.contributor.authorKianipour, Neda
dc.contributor.authorKim, Gyu Ri
dc.contributor.authorKim, Yun Jin
dc.contributor.authorKisa, Adnan
dc.contributor.authorKisa, Sezer
dc.contributor.authorKohler, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorKosen, Soewarta
dc.contributor.authorKoteeswaran, Rajasekaran
dc.contributor.authorLaxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane
dc.contributor.authorKoyanagi, Ai
dc.contributor.authorKrishan, Kewal
dc.contributor.authorKumar, G. Anil
dc.contributor.authorKusuma, Dian
dc.contributor.authorLamnisos, Demetris
dc.contributor.authorLansingh, Van Charles
dc.contributor.authorLarsson, Anders O.
dc.contributor.authorLasrado, Savita
dc.contributor.authorLe, Long Khanh Dao
dc.contributor.authorLee, Shaun Wen Huey
dc.contributor.authorLee, Yeong Yeh
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S.
dc.contributor.authorLobo, Stany W.
dc.contributor.authorLozano, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorAbd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
dc.contributor.authorAbd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy
dc.contributor.authorMahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi
dc.contributor.authorMajeed, Azeem
dc.contributor.authorMakki, Alaa
dc.contributor.authorMaleki, Afshin
dc.contributor.authorMalekzadeh, Reza
dc.contributor.authorManda, Ana Laura
dc.contributor.authorMansour Ghanaei, Fariborz
dc.contributor.authorMansournia, Mohammad Ali
dc.contributor.authorArnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo
dc.contributor.authorMartinez Valle, Adolfo
dc.contributor.authorMasoumi, Seyedeh Zahra
dc.contributor.authorMaude, Richard James
dc.contributor.authorMckee, Martin
dc.contributor.authorMedina Solis, Carlo Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorMenezes, Ritesh G.
dc.contributor.authorMeretoja, Atte
dc.contributor.authorMeretoja, Tuomo J.
dc.contributor.authorMesregah, Mohamed Kamal
dc.contributor.authorMestrovic, Tomislav
dc.contributor.authorKostova, Neda Milevska
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Ted R.
dc.contributor.authorMini, G. K.
dc.contributor.authorMirica, Andreea
dc.contributor.authorMirrakhimov, Erkin M.
dc.contributor.authorMohajer, Bahram
dc.contributor.authorMohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman
dc.contributor.authorMohammadi, Mokhtar
dc.contributor.authorMohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah
dc.contributor.authorMohammed, Shafiu
dc.contributor.authorMoitra, Modhurima
dc.contributor.authorMokdad, Ali H.
dc.contributor.authorMolokhia, Mariam
dc.contributor.authorMoni, Mohammad Ali
dc.contributor.authorMoradi, Yousef
dc.contributor.authorMorze, Jakub
dc.contributor.authorMousavi, Seyyed Meysam
dc.contributor.authorMpundu Kaambwa, Christine
dc.contributor.authorMuriithi, Moses K.
dc.contributor.authorMuthupandian, Saravanan
dc.contributor.authorNagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
dc.contributor.authorNaimzada, Mukhammad David
dc.contributor.authorNangia, Vinay
dc.contributor.authorNaqvi, Atta Abbas
dc.contributor.authorNarayana, Aparna Ichalangod
dc.contributor.authorNascimento, Bruno Ramos
dc.contributor.authorNaveed, Muhammad
dc.contributor.authorNayak, Biswa Prakash
dc.contributor.authorNazari, Javad
dc.contributor.authorNdejjo, Rawlance
dc.contributor.authorNegoi, Ionut
dc.contributor.authorKandel, Sandhya Neupane
dc.contributor.authorTrang Huyen Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorNonvignon, Justice
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dc.contributor.authorOlagunju, Andrew T.
dc.contributor.authorOlakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun
dc.contributor.authorOlgiati, Stefano
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dc.contributor.authorSeylani, Allen
dc.contributor.authorShahabi, Saeed
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dc.contributor.authorSkryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna
dc.contributor.authorSoltani, Shahin
dc.contributor.authorSoofi, Moslem
dc.contributor.authorSpurlock, Emma Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorStefan, Simona Catalina
dc.contributor.authorSzerencses, Viktoria
dc.contributor.authorSzocska, Miklos
dc.contributor.authorTabares Seisdedos, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorTaddele, Biruk Wogayehu
dc.contributor.authorTefera, Yonas Getaye
dc.contributor.authorThavamani, Aravind
dc.contributor.authorTobe Gai, Ruoyan
dc.contributor.authorTopor Madry, Roman
dc.contributor.authorTovani Palone, Marcos Roberto
dc.contributor.authorBach Xuan Tran
dc.contributor.authorCar, Lorainne Tudor
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Anayat
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Saif
dc.contributor.authorUmar, Nasir
dc.contributor.authorUndurraga, Eduardo A.
dc.contributor.authorValdez, Pascual R.
dc.contributor.authorVasankari, Tommi Juhani
dc.contributor.authorVillafane, Jorge Hugo
dc.contributor.authorViolante, Francesco S.
dc.contributor.authorVlassov, Vasily
dc.contributor.authorBay Vo
dc.contributor.authorVollmer, Sebastian
dc.contributor.authorTheo Vos
dc.contributor.authorGiang Thu Vu
dc.contributor.authorLinh Gia Vu
dc.contributor.authorWamai, Richard G.
dc.contributor.authorWerdecker, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorWoldekidan, Mesfin Agachew
dc.contributor.authorWubishet, Befikadu Legesse
dc.contributor.authorXu, Gelin
dc.contributor.authorYaya, Sanni
dc.contributor.authorYazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid
dc.contributor.authorYigit, Vahit
dc.contributor.authorYip, Paul
dc.contributor.authorYirdaw, Birhanu Wubale
dc.contributor.authorYonemoto, Naohiro
dc.contributor.authorYounis, Mustafa Z.
dc.contributor.authorYu, Chuanhua
dc.contributor.authorYunusa, Ismaeel
dc.contributor.authorMoghadam, Telma Zahirian
dc.contributor.authorZandian, Hamed
dc.contributor.authorZastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
dc.contributor.authorZastrozhina, Anasthasia
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhi Jiang
dc.contributor.authorZiapour, Arash
dc.contributor.authorZuniga, Yves Miel H.
dc.contributor.authorHay, Simon I.
dc.contributor.authorMurray, Christopher J. L.
dc.contributor.authorDieleman, Joseph L.
dc.contributor.authorGlobal Burden Dis Hlth Financing
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-10T14:23:42Z
dc.date.available2024-01-10T14:23:42Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractBackground The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020.
dc.description.abstractMethods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050.
dc.description.abstractFindings In 2019, health spending globally reached $8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this, $13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and $1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4%) of the funds focused on country-level coordination and $2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7%) of COVID-19 development assistance for health went to Latin America, despite this region reporting 34.3% of total recorded COVID-19 deaths in low-income or middle-income countries in 2020. Spending on health is expected to rise to $1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied.
dc.description.abstractInterpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
dc.description.funderBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.fechaingreso.objetodigital16-04-2024
dc.format.extent27 páginas
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7
dc.identifier.eissn1474-547X
dc.identifier.issn0140-6736
dc.identifier.pubmedidMEDLINE:34562388
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01258-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/80130
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000705490300019
dc.information.autorucInterdisciplinarias; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andres; S/I; 12868
dc.issue.numero10308
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesoContenido completo
dc.pagina.final1343
dc.pagina.inicio1317
dc.publisherELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subject.ods03 Good Health and Well-being
dc.subject.odspa03 Salud y bienestar
dc.titleTracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
dc.typeartículo de revisión
dc.volumen398
sipa.codpersvinculados12868
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadCarga SIPA;09-01-2024
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