Epidemiological Factors Associated With Caligus rogercresseyi Infection, Abundance, and Spatial Distribution in Southern Chile

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dc.contributor.authorLepe Lopez, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorEscobar Dodero, Joaquin
dc.contributor.authorRubio, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, Julio
dc.contributor.authorZimin Veselkoff, Natalia
dc.contributor.authorMardones, Fernando O.
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-10T13:44:48Z
dc.date.available2024-01-10T13:44:48Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractSea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) are external parasites that affect farmed salmonids in Chile, and the scale of their sanitary and economic impact cannot be overstated. Even though space-time patterns suppose parasite aggregation, specific locations related to different infestation levels, as well as their associated factors across the geographic range involved, had not been investigated as of the writing of the present article. The understanding of the effects and factors entailed by the presence of C. rogercresseyi may be deemed a key element of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In the present study, the multivariate spatial scan statistic was used to identify geographic areas and times of C. rogercresseyi infestation and to estimate the factors associated with such patterns. We used official C. rogercresseyi monitoring data at the farm level, with a set of 13 covariates, to provide adjustment within the analyses. The analyses were carried out for a period of 5 years (2012-2016), and they included three fish species (Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Oncorhynchus kisutch) in order to assess the consistency of the identified clusters. A retrospective multinomial, spatial, and temporal scan test was implemented to identify farm clusters of either of the different categories of C. rogercresseyi infested farms: baseline, medium, and high, based on the control chemical threshold established by the health authority. The baseline represents adequate farm performance against C. rogercresseyi infestation. Then, production and environmental factors of the medium and high infestation farms were compared with the baseline using regression techniques. The results revealed a total of 26 clusters (p < 0.001), of which 12 correspond to baseline, 1 to medium, and the remaining 13 to high infestation clusters. In general, baseline clusters are detected in a latitudinal gradient on estuarine areas, with increasing relative risks to complex island water systems. There is a spatial structure in specific sites, north of Los Lagos Region and central Aysen Region, with high infestation clusters and epidemic peaks during 2013. In addition, average weight, salmon species, chemotherapeutants, latitude, temperature, salinity, and year category are factors associated with these C. rogercresseyi patterns. Recommendations for an IPM plan are provided, along with a discussion that considers the involvement of stock density thresholds by salmon species and the spatial structure of the efficacy of chemical control, both intended to avoid the advance of resistance and to minimize environmental residues.
dc.description.funderEPIVET - SalmonChile
dc.description.funderSernapesca through the Fondo Inversion Estrategica from the Ministry of Economy
dc.description.funderNational Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the Government of Chile (FONDECYT)
dc.fechaingreso.objetodigital2024-05-23
dc.format.extent14 páginas
dc.fuente.origenWOS
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fvets.2021.595024
dc.identifier.eissn2297-1769
dc.identifier.pubmedidMEDLINE:34490385
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.595024
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/78938
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000696467500001
dc.information.autorucInterdisciplinarias; Mardones Loyola, Fernando Otoniel; S/I; 1084534
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesocontenido completo
dc.publisherFRONTIERS MEDIA SA
dc.revistaFRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.subjectsea lice
dc.subjectCaligus rogercresseyi
dc.subjectsalmon farming
dc.subjecthost-density
dc.subjectintegrated pest management
dc.subjectSEA LICE COPEPODA
dc.subjectSALMO-SALAR L.
dc.subjectATLANTIC SALMON
dc.subjectBRAVO 2000
dc.subjectFARMED SALMONIDS
dc.subjectLEPEOPHTHEIRUS-SALMONIS
dc.subjectONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH
dc.subjectBOXSHALL
dc.subjectCALIGIDAE
dc.subjectINFESTATION
dc.subject.ods03 Good Health and Well-being
dc.subject.odspa03 Salud y bienestar
dc.titleEpidemiological Factors Associated With Caligus rogercresseyi Infection, Abundance, and Spatial Distribution in Southern Chile
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen8
sipa.codpersvinculados1084534
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadCarga SIPA;09-01-2024
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