Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

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dc.article.numbere2218782120
dc.catalogadorpau
dc.contributor.authorZugman, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorAlliende, Luz María
dc.contributor.authorMedel Sierralta, Vicente Nicolás
dc.contributor.authorBethlehem, Richard A. I.
dc.contributor.authorSeidlitz, Jakob
dc.contributor.authorRinglein, Grace
dc.contributor.authorArango, Celso
dc.contributor.authorArnatkeviciutė, Aurina
dc.contributor.authorAsmal, Laila
dc.contributor.authorBellgrove, Mark
dc.contributor.authorBenegal, Vivek
dc.contributor.authorBernardo, Miquel
dc.contributor.authorBilleke, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorBosch-Bayard, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorBressan, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorBusatto, Geraldo F.
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Mariana N.
dc.contributor.authorChaim-Avancini, Tiffany
dc.contributor.authorCompte, Albert
dc.contributor.authorCostanzi, Monise
dc.contributor.authorCzepielewski, Leticia
dc.contributor.authorDazzan, Paola
dc.contributor.authorFuente-Sandoval, Camilo de la
dc.contributor.authorForti, Marta di
dc.contributor.authorDíaz-Caneja, Covadonga M.
dc.contributor.authorDíaz-Zuluaga, Ana María
dc.contributor.authorPlessis, Stefan du
dc.contributor.authorDuran, Fabio L. S.
dc.contributor.authorFittipaldi, Sol
dc.contributor.authorFornito, Alex
dc.contributor.authorFreimer, Nelson B.
dc.contributor.authorGadelha, Ary
dc.contributor.authorGama, Clarissa S.
dc.contributor.authorGarani, Ranjini
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Rizo, Clemente
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Campo, Cecilia
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Valderrama, Alfonso
dc.contributor.authorGuinjoan, Salvador
dc.contributor.authorHolla, Bharath
dc.contributor.authorIbáñez, Agustín
dc.contributor.authorJackowski, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorIvanovic, Daniza
dc.contributor.authorLeón-Ortiz, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorLochner, Christine
dc.contributor.authorLópez Jaramillo, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorLuckhoff, Hilmar
dc.contributor.authorMassuda, Raffael
dc.contributor.authorMcGuire, Philip
dc.contributor.authorMiyata, Jun
dc.contributor.authorMizrahi, Romina
dc.contributor.authorMurray, Robin
dc.contributor.authorOzerdem, Aysegul
dc.contributor.authorPan, Pedro M.
dc.contributor.authorParellada, Mara
dc.contributor.authorPhahladira, Lebogan
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Mahaluf, Juan P.
dc.contributor.authorReckziegel, Ramiro
dc.contributor.authorMarques Tiago Reis
dc.contributor.authorReyes-Madrigal, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorRoos, Annerine
dc.contributor.authorRosa, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorSalum, Giovanni
dc.contributor.authorScheffler, Freda
dc.contributor.authorSchumann, Gunter
dc.contributor.authorSerpa, Mauricio
dc.contributor.authorStein, Dan J.
dc.contributor.authorTepper, Angeles
dc.contributor.authorTiego, Jeggan
dc.contributor.authorUeno, Tsukasa
dc.contributor.authorUndurraga, Juan
dc.contributor.authorUndurraga, Eduardo A.
dc.contributor.authorValdés-Sosa, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorValli, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorVillarreal, Mirta
dc.contributor.authorWinton-Brown, Toby T.
dc.contributor.authorYalin, Nefize
dc.contributor.authorZamorano, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorZanetti, Marcus V.
dc.contributor.authorVeda, C.
dc.contributor.authorWinkler, Anderson M.
dc.contributor.authorPine, Daniel S.
dc.contributor.authorEvans-Lacko, Sara
dc.contributor.authorCrossley Karmelic, Nicolas Andrés
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-09T21:20:14Z
dc.date.available2024-06-09T21:20:14Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractGender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.
dc.fuente.origenScopus
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.2218782120
dc.identifier.issn1091-6490
dc.identifier.scopusidSCOPUS_ID:85158077844
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/86651
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Medicina;Medel Sierralta Vicente Nicolas;0000-0003-2443-8683;1049792
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Medicina;Crossley Karmelic, Nicolas Andrés;0000-0002-3060-656X;11224
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciences
dc.revistaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.rights.licenseCC BY Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGender inequality
dc.subjectStructural brain MRI
dc.subjectSex differences
dc.subject.ddc610
dc.subject.deweyMedicina y saludes_ES
dc.titleCountry-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen120
sipa.codpersvinculados1049792
sipa.codpersvinculados11224
sipa.trazabilidadSCOPUS;2023-08-23
sipa.trazabilidadORCID;2024-06-03
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