Propiedad colectiva e identidad cultural en Pueblo Xucuru con Brasil y en Asociación Lhaka Honhat con Argentina
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Date
2022
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Abstract
Pueblo indígena Xucuru y sus miembros con Brasil, y Comunidades indígenas miembros de la Asociación Lhaka Honhat (Nuestra Tierra) con Argentina, son los casos más recientes que la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha resuelto sobre propiedad indígena y tribal. Ambas sentencias son relevantes. La primera, por desarrollar la obligación estatal de saneamiento de los territorios y tierras indígenas. La segunda, por desvincular al derecho a la identidad cultural de los pueblos indígenas de su propiedad colectiva, catalogándolo como un derecho económico, social y cultural autónomo. El presente trabajo analiza estas decisiones judiciales, destacando la potencial superación del esencialismo, que ha caracterizado a dicha jurisprudencia, en la última de las sentencias estudiadas. Este último aspecto es de suma importancia, pues al desligar la identidad cultural de la propiedad comunal, se fortalece la protección convencional de pueblos que, como toda colectividad, están destinados a mutar permanentemente.
Xucuru Indigenous People and its Members v. Brazil, and Indigenous Communities of the Lhaka Honhat Association (Our Land) v. Argentina, are the latest cases on indigenous and tribal property settled by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Both judgments are relevant. The first one, for developing the state obligation of final delivery of indigenous territories and lands, free from disturbance. The second one, for detaching the right of cultural identity of indigenous peoples from their collective property, categorizing it as an autonomous economic, social and cultural right. This work analyzes these judicial decisions, highlighting the most recent one’s potential to overcome the essentialism, that has characterized such case-law. This last aspect is of the utmost importance, for decoupling cultural identity from communal property strengthens the conventional protection of peoples destined to constantly change, like any other collectivity.
Xucuru Indigenous People and its Members v. Brazil, and Indigenous Communities of the Lhaka Honhat Association (Our Land) v. Argentina, are the latest cases on indigenous and tribal property settled by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Both judgments are relevant. The first one, for developing the state obligation of final delivery of indigenous territories and lands, free from disturbance. The second one, for detaching the right of cultural identity of indigenous peoples from their collective property, categorizing it as an autonomous economic, social and cultural right. This work analyzes these judicial decisions, highlighting the most recent one’s potential to overcome the essentialism, that has characterized such case-law. This last aspect is of the utmost importance, for decoupling cultural identity from communal property strengthens the conventional protection of peoples destined to constantly change, like any other collectivity.
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Pueblos indígenas, Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Propiedad colectiva, Identidad cultural, Pueblo Xucuru, Asociación Llaka Honhat, Indigenous peoples, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Cultural identity, Collective property