The Validity and Reliability of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 on Screening for Major Depression in Spanish Speaking Immigrants in Chile: A Cross-Sectional Study

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dc.catalogadorpau
dc.contributor.authorErrazuriz, Antonia
dc.contributor.authorBeltran, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorPassi Solar, Alvaro
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-31T13:52:54Z
dc.date.available2023-01-31T13:52:54Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractBackground: The study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of two versions of the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9 and PHQ-2) on screening for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) among Spanish-speaking Latin American adult immigrants in Santiago, and to explore factors associated with a higher risk of occurrence of MDD among them. Methods: A representative sample of 897 Spanish-speaking immigrants completed the PHQ-9. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was employed to evaluate MDD. Internal consistency and structural validity were evaluated using Cronbach's oc coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity with the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was assessed using Spearman's correlations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated for different cut-off points. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the risk of MDD. Results: Cronbach's oc coefficient of the PHQ-9 was 0.90; item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.61 to 0.76 and correlation with the GAD-7 was moderate (r = 0.625; p < 0.001). CFA on three alternative models suggests a plausible fit in the overall sample and among two of the subsamples: Peruvians and Venezuelans. Taking the results of CIDI as the gold standard for MDD, the area under the ROC curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-1.0). When the cut-off score was equal to 5, values of sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index were 0.85, 0.90, and 0.75, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the influence of having three or more children (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.20-12.81; p < 0.05), residency in Chile of up to three years (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07-3.00; p < 0.05), active debt (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.60-4.70; p < 0.001), a one (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03-3.94; p < 0.05) and two or more events of adversity during childhood (OR = 5.25, 95% CI: 1.93-14.3; p < 0.01) on the occurrence of MDD was statistically significant. Reliability (a = 0.62), convergent (r = 0.534; p < 0.01) and criterion (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.67-1.00) validity coefficients of the PHQ-2 were weaker than for the PHQ-9. Conclusions: The PHQ-2 and the PHQ-9 are reliable and valid instruments for use as screeners for MDD among Spanish-speaking populations of Latin America.
dc.description.funderAgencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo
dc.fuente.origenORCID
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph192113975
dc.identifier.eissn1660-4601
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113975
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/75145
dc.identifier.wosidWOS:000881085900001
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Medicina; Errazuriz, Antonia; 0000-0001-9948-388X; 1015339
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Medicina; Torres Barrenechea Rafael; S/I; 100035
dc.information.autorucEscuela de Medicina; Passi Solar Alvaro Rodrigo; 0000-0002-1744-1705; 155739
dc.issue.numero21
dc.language.isoen
dc.nota.accesoContenido completo
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.revistaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
dc.rightsacceso abierto
dc.subjectDepression
dc.subjectPatient health questionnaire
dc.subjectComposite International Diagnostic Interview
dc.subjectPopulation-based sample
dc.subjectImmigrant mental health
dc.subject.ods03 Good Health and Well-being
dc.subject.odspa03 Salud y bienestar
dc.titleThe Validity and Reliability of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 on Screening for Major Depression in Spanish Speaking Immigrants in Chile: A Cross-Sectional Study
dc.typeartículo
dc.volumen19
sipa.codpersvinculados1015339
sipa.codpersvinculados100035
sipa.codpersvinculados155739
sipa.indexWOS
sipa.trazabilidadORCID;2023-10-16
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