Hacer hablar a los archivos silenciosos. Aproximaciones al registro de libros infantiles y juveniles publicados en época de dictadura en Chile.
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Date
2023
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Abstract
El presente artículo busca ofrecer una panorámica de limitaciones y alcances de las estrategias utilizadas para elaborar un catastro de literatura infantil y juvenil (LIJ) publicada en Chile durante la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Ante los silencios en los catálogos de obras de la época, proponemos una aproximación metodológica que tiene como piedras angulares la lectura distante, la serendipia y las disposiciones colaborativas a la investigación sobre libros y lectura. Las principales dificultades identificadas guardan relación con la porosidad de las categorías de lo infantil y lo juvenil, la presencia de vacíos e inconsistencias en la descripción bibliotecológica de catálogos bibliográficos oficiales, como el de la Biblioteca Nacional (BN) y el Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas Públicas (SNBP), y por último, las condiciones de caducidad de los hallazgos en los motores de búsquedas web de las instituciones antes mencionadas. A la luz de estas dificultades, nuestras estrategias de catastro se enfocaron en la preservación digital de entradas bibliográficas y una aproximación colaborativa hacia distintos agentes del ecosistema editorial y lector –librerxs, coleccionistxs, autorxs, ilustradorxs, editorxs, diseñadorxs, anticuarixs, archiverxs y bibliotecólogxs– con el objetivo de mapear publicaciones infantiles y juveniles que hubiesen eludido el radar de los catálogos institucionales. A través de nuestra investigación buscamos aportar a la creación de catálogos en contextos en los cuales la información oficial es inexistente o no cumple con las expectativas de la investigación. Al mismo tiempo, esperamos que los avances aquí presentados animen futuras exploraciones sobre LIJ en el periodo dictatorial y su impacto en el escenario contemporáneo, apuntando, aunque sea parcialmente, a la fertilidad de este campo.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the limitations and scope of the strategies used to compile an inventory of children's and young adults' literature published in Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Faced with the silence in the catalogues of children's and young people's literature, we propose a methodological approach that has as cornerstones distant reading, serendipity and collaborative dispositions to research on books and reading. The main difficulties identified are related to the porosity of the categories of children and adolescents, the presence of gaps and inconsistencies in the description of libraries in official bibliographic catalogs, such as those of the National Library (BN) and the Nacional System of Public Libraries (SNBP), and finally, the expiration rate of data retrieved through the search engines of the institutions mentioned above. Given these difficulties, our mapping strategies focused on the digital preservation of bibliographic records and a collaborative approach with different agents of the publishing and reading ecosystem —booksellers, collectors, authors, illustrators, publishers, designers, antiquarians, archivists, and librarians— with the aim of mapping children's and young adult books that may have slipped under the radar of institutional catalogs. Through our research, we seek to contribute to cataloguing in contexts where official information is not available or does not meet research expectations. At the same time, we hope to contribute to the under-researched intersection between censorship and LIJ produced or circulated in Chile during the last civilianmilitary dictatorship. At the same time, we hope that the results presented here will stimulate future research in the cultural and childhood studies of the dictatorship period and its impact on the present context, thus illuminating, even if only partially, the fruitfulness of this field.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the limitations and scope of the strategies used to compile an inventory of children's and young adults' literature published in Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Faced with the silence in the catalogues of children's and young people's literature, we propose a methodological approach that has as cornerstones distant reading, serendipity and collaborative dispositions to research on books and reading. The main difficulties identified are related to the porosity of the categories of children and adolescents, the presence of gaps and inconsistencies in the description of libraries in official bibliographic catalogs, such as those of the National Library (BN) and the Nacional System of Public Libraries (SNBP), and finally, the expiration rate of data retrieved through the search engines of the institutions mentioned above. Given these difficulties, our mapping strategies focused on the digital preservation of bibliographic records and a collaborative approach with different agents of the publishing and reading ecosystem —booksellers, collectors, authors, illustrators, publishers, designers, antiquarians, archivists, and librarians— with the aim of mapping children's and young adult books that may have slipped under the radar of institutional catalogs. Through our research, we seek to contribute to cataloguing in contexts where official information is not available or does not meet research expectations. At the same time, we hope to contribute to the under-researched intersection between censorship and LIJ produced or circulated in Chile during the last civilianmilitary dictatorship. At the same time, we hope that the results presented here will stimulate future research in the cultural and childhood studies of the dictatorship period and its impact on the present context, thus illuminating, even if only partially, the fruitfulness of this field.
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Keywords
Literatura infantil, Dictadura, Chile, LIJ, Metodologías de catastro, Publishing studies, Children's literature, Cadastre methodologies, Dictatorship, Chile, YA, Estudios editoriales