Association between GIP levels after glucose load and HMW adiponectin in normoglycemic women
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Date
2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells in response to nutrient ingestion. The aims of this study are: 1) to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between plasma GIP change in response to an oral glucose challenge (as a surrogate of GIP secretion) with obesity-related anthropometric measurements, fasting inflammatory biomarkers, and fasting circulating adipokines. 2) to evaluate the feasibility of using postprandial plasma GIP as a biomarker of adiposity-related phenotypes in response to starchbased meals. Methods: Fifty normoglycemic women without obesity (19-32 years) were evaluated with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A feasibility study was conducted in a subset of eight women to estimate responses to starch-based meals (25 g of starch). Postprandial glycemic-related changes in plasma hormones/metabolites were assessed, as well as circulating adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in fasting conditions. Results: The Incremental-GIP change after 2-hour OGTT was significantly associated with waist circumference (rho=0.34; P=0.02), fasting plasma TNFα (rho=0.54; P=0.0002), and white blood cell count (rho=0.39; P=0.008), but not with MCP-1, total adiponectin, leptin, or the free leptin index. A strong inverse association was found between incremental-GIP change and fasting plasma High-Molecular-Weight (HMW) Adiponectin (rho = -0.50; P = 0.0004), which remained significant after adjusting for age and body mass index. Conclusion: An inverse association was found between postprandial GIP levels and circulating HMW-adiponectin levels in humans. This research highlights the suitability of using postprandial plasma GIP as a biomarker for metabolic disturbances of increased adiposity, even in the absence of obesity.
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Keywords
Incretins, Adiponectin, High molecular weight adiponectin, GIP, Adipokines