Evaluación económica de tres metodologías de manejo reproductivo ovino para sistemas de producción de carne en la región de La Araucanía
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Date
2023
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Abstract
Los sistemas de producción en la región de La Araucanía, se encuentran atomizados en sistemas de subsistencia a pequeña escala y bajo manejos extensivos (Romero y Bravo, 2012). La producción ovina a nivel nacional se comporta de forma tradicional, conservando sistemas de encaste asociados a monta natural en sus sistemas de producción (Louw, 2020). El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar económicamente tres metodologías de manejo reproductivo ovino para sistemas de producción tradicional de carne en la Región de La Araucanía. Los manejos fueron realizados sobre un plantel de 176 hembras, de razas Texel y Suffolk. 30 fueron sometidas a manejo de inseminación artificial intrauterina, 146 a inseminación artificial intracervical, y todas, a un tercer manejo de monta natural como repaso. Se realizó una descripción técnica y se estimó la Tasa de Fertilidad para cada manejo. La Tasa de Fertilidad obtenida para I.A. Intracervical fue de 2,7%; 27% para I.A. Intrauterina y 79% para Monta natural.Para estimar la rentabilidad económica de cada sistema de encaste, en base a los resultados técnicos, se utilizaron los indicadores de evaluación económica de Valor Actual Neto (VAN), Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) y costo reproductivo por cordero producido, sobre la construcción de flujo de caja a 10 años por manejo.Tanto el VAN como la TIR, resultaron positivos únicamente para el manejo de monta natural, con un valor de $2.076.418 para el VAN y 10,83% para la TIR. Se evaluaron los mismos indicadores, con resultados ideales, en escenarios combinados y a distintos niveles de producción, obteniendo similares resultados económicos.Se concluye la inviabilidad económica de la implementación de técnicas de reproducción asistida en el contexto productivo ovino carnicero de la región.
In La Araucanía region, the production systems are atomized in subsistence systems at a small-scale and under extensive management (Romero and Bravo, 2012). Countrywide, the sheep production behaves in a traditional way, preserving mating systems associated with natural mating in its production systems (Louw, 2020). The objective of the study was to economically evaluate three sheep reproductive management methodologies for traditional meat production systems in the La Araucanía Region. The handling was carried out on a stock of 176 females of Texel and Suffolk breeds. 30 were subjected to Intrauterine Artificial Insemination management, 146 to Intracervical Artificial Insemination. And all of them were subjected to a third method of natural mating. A technical description was made and the Fertility Rate was estimated for each type of management. The Fertility Rate obtained for A.I. Intracervical was 2.7%; 27% for A.I. Intrauterine and 79% for natural breeding. To estimate the economic profitability of each mating system based on the technical results, the economic evaluation indicators of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and reproductive cost per lamb produced, were used to create a 10-year cash flow for management. Both the NPV and the IRR were positive only for the management of natural mating, with a value of $2.076.418 for the NPV and 10,83% for the IRR. The same indicators were evaluated, with ideal results, in combined scenarios and at different production levels, obtaining similar economic results. It is concluded that economically is not viable the implementation of assisted reproduction techniques in the sheep butcher production at the region.
In La Araucanía region, the production systems are atomized in subsistence systems at a small-scale and under extensive management (Romero and Bravo, 2012). Countrywide, the sheep production behaves in a traditional way, preserving mating systems associated with natural mating in its production systems (Louw, 2020). The objective of the study was to economically evaluate three sheep reproductive management methodologies for traditional meat production systems in the La Araucanía Region. The handling was carried out on a stock of 176 females of Texel and Suffolk breeds. 30 were subjected to Intrauterine Artificial Insemination management, 146 to Intracervical Artificial Insemination. And all of them were subjected to a third method of natural mating. A technical description was made and the Fertility Rate was estimated for each type of management. The Fertility Rate obtained for A.I. Intracervical was 2.7%; 27% for A.I. Intrauterine and 79% for natural breeding. To estimate the economic profitability of each mating system based on the technical results, the economic evaluation indicators of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and reproductive cost per lamb produced, were used to create a 10-year cash flow for management. Both the NPV and the IRR were positive only for the management of natural mating, with a value of $2.076.418 for the NPV and 10,83% for the IRR. The same indicators were evaluated, with ideal results, in combined scenarios and at different production levels, obtaining similar economic results. It is concluded that economically is not viable the implementation of assisted reproduction techniques in the sheep butcher production at the region.
Description
Tesis (Magíster en Sistemas de Producción Animal)--Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2023
Keywords
Producción ovina, Inseminación artificial, Monta natural, Tasa de fertilidad, VAN y TIR, Ovine production, Artificial insemination, Natural breeding, Rate of fertility, VNA and TRI