3.18 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal

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Browsing 3.18 Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal by Subject "09 Industry, innovation and infrastructure"

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    Caracterización agronómica de preselecciones de cerezos (Prunus avium L.) obtenidas por el programa de mejoramiento genético de cerezos perteneciente al Consorcio Tecnologico de la Fruta
    (2024) Silva Lorca, Carlos Esteban; Ayala Zapata, Marlene; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
    The agronomic characterization of the 23 preselections obtained from the cherry tree genetic improvement program allows for efficient segregation and selection of individuals with ideal qualities to become a new Chilean variety. Initially, a productive characterization of the preselections was conducted, quantifying the number of spurs per linear meter of main branch, the average number of floral buds per spur, the average number of flowers per spur, the number of fruit sets between 5-10 millimeters, the harvested fruits, and their size. Phenology was recorded weekly from the swollen bud stage until harvest, with emphasis on the beginning of bloom, full bloom, fruit set, and harvest date. Additionally, in August, 1% hydrogenated cyanamide was applied to an individual to analyze its response to the endodormancy realese traitment. The Association of Fruit Exporters of Chile S.A (ASOEX S.A) collaborated with the exporter Ranco Cherries to assist in the harvest and post-harvest evaluation of the fruit, measuring quality components such as size, firmness, soluble solids, and their response to postharvest storage. In the postharvest laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, certain preselections were tested, based on fruit availability, for induced pitting susceptibility. The productivity components showed significant differences in their means for the six variables studied. Phenology and harvest data were recorded from week 46 to week 50 of the fruit calendar. Additionally, the chilling requirement to reach the first swollen bud stage, the degree days accumulated in the main phenological stages until harvest, the cycle length of the preselections, and the fruit growth curves were plotted. Finally, pitting susceptibilities, fruit quality parameters, and postharvest performance were documented.
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    Nitrogen supply affects seed yield and quality in tomato plants
    (2022) Sánchez Molina, Javier; Contreras E., Samuel; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    Nitrogen fertilization is one of the main practices in agriculture and its effects on yield and quality of most commodity products are widely known. However, the nitrogen response in seed production is still not well understood, even in important species such as tomato. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on tomato seed yield and quality. Tomato, cv. Moneymaker, plants were grown in pots with a soilless media and fertigated with one of three nutrient solutions differing in its N concentration: 5, 15, and 25 mM. Yield and quality were measured for both fruit and seed. Fruit weight decreased and soluble solids increased significantly with increasing N fertilization. Seed weight also decreased with increasing N fertilization. Most common seed quality attributes such as standard germination and germination index did not vary significantly among treatments. Physiological dormancy was observed in all treatments and was evidenced by faster germination in evaluations made at 8 months than at 5 months after harvest. The 25 mM treatment exhibited reduced dormancy; however, this effect was much less than the after-ripening time. Also, the same treatment showed greater longevity. Although the results indicated that higher nitrogen fertilization had an impact on seed quality attributes such as dormancy and longevity, the effect was only observed in most restrictive tests and did not have an influence on most common seed quality attributes. Therefore, nitrogen fertilization in tomato seed production could aim at higher yields without a significant decrease in seed quality.
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    Polyploidy induction in blueberries for the development of a new cultivar
    (2024) Jarpa-Tauler, Gabriela; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales
    La creciente competencia en el mercado internacional de arándanos que enfrenta Chile, junto con el cambio climático, exige la adopción de cultivares mejor adaptados que produzcan frutos de mayor calidad, firmeza y durabilidad en postcosecha. Esta tesis se centra en el mejoramiento genético de especies frutales mediante la poliploidización, con el objetivo de desarrollar nuevos cultivares de arándano highbush con ploidía aumentada. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de 1 mg/L de zeatina favorece la regeneración de brotes a partir de explantes de hojas y microtallos de los cultivares 'Biloxi', 'Legacy' y 'Duke' in vitro. Además, la combinación de 0,1% de colchicina y 1 mg/L de zeatina en medio sólido in vitro induce poliploidía en dichos explantes, logrando la producción exitosa de 10 octoploides y 8 mixoploides. La citometría de flujo se confirma como el método más confiable para identificar la poliploidía, resaltando las limitaciones de las características anatómicas para la detección preliminar. Los hallazgos respaldan la inducción de poliploidización como una técnica viable para generar variabilidad en arándanos. Sin embargo, es esencial evaluar estos mutantes en el futuro para asegurar los beneficios económicos potenciales derivados del incremento de ploidía.