Capítulos de libros
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Browsing Capítulos de libros by Subject "600"
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- ItemAgrobiodiversity in mountain territories: family farming and the challenges of social-environmental changes(Springer, 2023) Ibarra Eliessetch, Jose Tomas; Marchant, Carla; Olivares, Fernanda; Caviedes, Julián; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Monterrubio-Solís, Constanza; Sarmiento, Fausto O.; Pontifica Universidad Católica de ChileFamily farming plays a fundamental role in food production. However, it faces rapid processes of social-environmental change, such as the application of hegemonic agrarian modernization policies and restrictions on the circulation of traditional seeds. Institutional changes are also altering practices and social relations, while climate change is the main factor in biodiversity loss and increased human vulnerability and the threat to livelihoods. The negative effects of these processes are particularly alarming in mountain territories. These systems are considered “biocultural refuges” since they often contain high levels of agrobiodiversity, complex systems of knowledge, and unique agricultural practices with identity value for local communities and indigenous peoples. This chapter examines the role of mountain family farming as a biocultural refuge and discusses the challenges it faces in a context of social-environmental crises, describing cases of mountain agricultural systems in nine of the world’s main mountain territories and showing that they are fragile spaces and highly vulnerable to certain processes of social-environmental change. For this reason, we urge the identification and promotion of strategies to foster the adaptation and resilience of mountain family farming as a way of contributing to the food security and sovereignty of the communities that inhabit these territories.
- ItemBig data para la identificación del comportamiento criminal(Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2019) Wout, Elwin van't; Valenzuela Carvallo, Eduardo; Asahi Kodama, Kenzo Javier; Pieringer Baeza, Christian Philip; Torres Irribarra, David; Larroulet Philippi, PilarEl big data ha revolucionado las ciencias y la industria con su impresionante poder de analizar grandes conjuntos de datos y algoritmos que pueden predecir eventos futuros con una alta precisión. Este capítulo estudiará el uso de herramientas automatizadas para identificar el comportamiento delictual, con el objetivo final de ayudar a la policía en su mejora continua de la gestión eficiente de los recursos gubernamentales para reducir la delincuencia. Se han desarrollado modelos matemáticos que permiten extraer información relevante de una base de datos, que contiene registros de detenciones por las policías e información sociodemográfica sobre los victimarios. El análisis descriptivo presenta los indicadores clave del estado actual de delincuencia en Chile y una tipología del comportamiento criminal. La predicción de detenciones futuras es desafiante: la precisión debe aumentarse, antes de usar los algoritmos en la práctica, especialmente porque una predicción errónea puede resultar en costos sociales demasiados altos. Para completar el estudio, se presenta una discusión sobre los alcances y posibles fuentes de sesgo en la predicción. Por último, se elaboran propuestas sobre cómo mejorar las políticas públicas y la organización policial basada en herramientas de big data.
- ItemMedicine-Hub: A New Teaching Tool for the Study of Sectional Anatomy(Lancaster Univeristy, 2023) Montt Blanchard, Denise; Inzunza, Oscar; Neyem, Andrés; Caro Pinto, IvánMedicine-Hub is a platform that integrates analogue and digital components, specially designed for the visualization of -and interaction with- high-fidelity anatomical structures matching the reality of a cadaveric preparation. This project presents a solution to the inequality gap generated by the scarcity of cadaveric dissections available for health career students.
- ItemQuinoa Breeding and Genomics(Wiley, 2019) Murphy, Kevin M.; Matanguihan, Janet B.; Fuentes Carmona, Francisco Fabián; Rayda Gomez Pando, Luz; Jellen, Eric N.; Maughan, Peter J.; Jarvis, David E.The production and consumption of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) have grown rapidly in recent years, spreading far beyond its traditional growing region of the Andes Mountains in South America. The increase in consumption is due primarily to its high nutritional value and flavorful seed, whereas the expansion in production area is due to the broad adaptability of the species across a wide range of latitudes, altitudes, precipitation zones, soil types, and salinity levels. Efforts are underway across the globe to develop regionally resilient quinoa cultivars and productive cropping systems. The recent publication of the quinoa genome has opened avenues of research previously unavailable in quinoa breeding and should contribute substantially to the development of improved cultivars. This chapter reviews the evolution of quinoa and its wild relatives, the traditional ecotypes from which the majority of modern cultivars descend, and the history of quinoa breeding in South America. It discusses quinoa's reproductive and pollination systems, as well as recent advances in the genetics and genomics of this allotetraploid species. Following an overview of quinoa breeding methods, it focuses on breeding objectives, including yield potential, traits of agronomic importance, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and characteristics of critical importance to end-use quality and nutritional value.
- ItemUrban air pollution(Springer Cham, 2019) Jorquera, Héctor; Montoya, Lupita D.; Rojas, Néstor Y.Air pollution is currently the most serious environmental risk worldwide. Air pollution is the result of different driving forces (demography, economic growth, consumption patterns, energy options, cultural traditions, etc.) constrained by climate conditions, urban shapes and development patterns, distance to industrial or mining activities, air quality regulations and plans, etc. Air quality has been improving in some of the largest cities in Latin America, yet in most of them ambient air quality standards are not attained. In Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico, the most polluted city is not the country’s capital, emphasizing the relevance of sustainable local governance. In countries that report air quality just for their capital cities, most of their pollution levels are above the respective national ambient air quality standards. There is less information for mid-sized cities, and the available results are mixed. We present case studies from several countries that show serious air quality exposure for millions of inhabitants, especially the low-income segment. We discuss environmental justice, urban governance, and citizen participation in decision-making processes, sustainable urban transport options, and gender issues throughout those case studies.
- ItemWine Journey: A Methodology for Analysing Wine Shipping Route Based on Temperature and Risk(2024) Garafulic, Max; Mac Cawley, Alejandro