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Browsing CEDEUS by Subject "11 Ciudades y comunidades sostenibles"
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- ItemCoastal Evolution in a Wetland Affected by Large Tsunamigenic Earthquakes in South-Central Chile: Criteria for Integrated Coastal Management(MDPI, 2021) Martínez Reyes, Carolina Del Pilar; Sepúlveda-Zuñiga, Einer; Villagrán, Mauricio; Rojas, Octavio; Gómez, Matias; López, Pablo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)The coastal evolution of the microtidal Tubul-Raqui wetland in south-central Chile (36 degrees S), which historically has been affected by large earthquakes and tsunamis, particularly the 1960 (Mw = 9.5) and 2010 (Mw = 8.8) subduction earthquakes and their associated tsunamis, is analyzed. Historical aerial photographs and topographic and bathymetric surveys from the 1961-2017 period, as well as salinity, sediment, and flora data obtained following the 2010 earthquake were used for comparison with data from prior to the event. A steady state of the shoreline was established, with an average erosion rate of -0.016 m/year in the 1961-2017 period. However, erosion predominated in the period between these two large earthquakes (1961-2009), with an average rate of -0.386 m/year. The wetland dried up, partially recovered saline intrusion a year later, and recovered the salinity conditions it had before the earthquake two years later. The postearthquake effects on the floristic composition were not significant, with the species Spartina densiflora, which presented a high tolerance to these types of changes, predominating. Moreover, 75 percent of the taxa in pre- and postearthquake conditions coincided, with the halophyte species Spartina densiflora, Sarcocornia fructicosa, and Cotula coronopifolia predominating, while the best-conserved community was Spartina-Sarcocornia association located in the saltmarsh. Seven years after the earthquake, the shoreline presented an accretion rate of 2.935 m/year; if the current tectonic conditions prevail, an erosive trend can be expected in the coming decades. The morphological variability and the changes associated with the shoreline in this wetland are strongly controlled by tectonic factors. Criteria aimed at integrated coastal management to promote its occupancy and use in accordance with its evolutionary dynamics are proposed.
- ItemMeasuring heterogeneous perception of urban space with massive data and machine learning: An application to safety(2021) Ramírez Sarmiento, Tomás Ignacio; Hurtubia, Ricardo; Löbel Díaz, Hans-Albert; Rossetti, T.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)Urban space safety Machine learning Heterogeneous perception Built environment In the last decade, large street imagery data sets and machine learning developments have allowed increasing scalability of methodologies to understand the effects of landscape attributes on the way they are perceived. However, these new methodologies have not incorporated individual heterogeneity in their analysis, even though differences by gender and other sociodemographic characteristics in the perception of safety and other aspects of landscapes and public spaces have been widely studied in social sciences and urban planning in lower scale studies. In the present study, we combine computational and statistical tools to develop a methodological proposal with high scalability and low implementation cost, which helps to identify and measure heterogeneous perception and its correlation to the presence of elements in the landscape. To achieve this, we implement a survey of perception of public spaces, collecting sociodemographic information of respondents. Then, we fit a discrete choice model to quantify perceptions of these spaces using a parametrization of images that jointly considers semantic segmentation and object detection as input. Our results show heterogeneity in the perception of safety in public spaces according to gender and the observer’s habitual mobility choices. The model is then applied to the city of Santiago, Chile. This produces a map of safety perception for different types of users. The proposed method and the obtained results can be a relevant input for the design of public spaces and decision making in the urban planning process.
- ItemOn the effect of operational service attributes on transit satisfaction(2020) Allen Monge, Jaime; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemPromoting adoption of recycling by municipalities in developing countries : Increasing or redistributing existing resources?(2021) Valenzuela Levi, Nicolás Darío; Araya-Cordova, P. J.; Davila, S.; Vasquez, O. C.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemThe Displacement of Santiago de Chile's Downtown during 1990-2015: Travel Time Effects on Eradicated Population(2020) Suazo Vecino, G.; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Fuentes Arce, Luis; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemThe role of habit and the built environment in the willingness to commute by bicycle(2020) Gutiérrez, M.; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemTransport and equity in Latin America : a critical review of socially oriented accessibility assessments(2020) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio Andrés; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemUnderstanding accessibility through public transport users' experiences : A mixed methods approach(2020) Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio Andrés; Lucas, K.; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Hurtubia González, Ricardo; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemUsing PAR to frame sustainable transport and social justice on policy agendas. A pilot experience in two contrasting Chilean cities(2020) Sagaris, Lake; Berrios Alvarez, Emilio Moisés; Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio Andrés; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)
- ItemUsing the five Ws to explore bikeshare equity in Santiago, Chile(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2021) Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio; Fuenzalida Izquierdo, Jorge; Sagaris, Lake; Mora, Rodrigo; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)Various studies show that bikeshare systems have positive implications for people's health, social cohesion, urban livability, and urban congestion, although many suggest bikeshare systems are not achieving equity goals, particularly regarding low-income people and women. To date, most of these studies come from cities in the Global North, the majority with well-managed governance structures and less inequality. Less is known about how well bikeshare systems work in the highly fragmented and unequal cities that characterize Latin America. Using both primary and secondary data, we analyzed equity through the five Ws of bikeshare in Santiago, Chile, exploring which population groups are using the system ('who'), travel purposes ('what') and time periods ('when'), from/to which locations ('where') and the reasons behind using this transport alternative ('why'). To do this, we used three main data sources: data from tracked trips of bikeshare cyclists (BSC) using the primary system in Santiago (Bike Santiago system run by Tembici), Santiago's Origin-Destination Survey data for own bike cyclists (OBC), and a survey of BSC. This article contributes to current knowledge about bikeshare and equity in a still underexplored Latin American context with limited bikeshare data, providing some conclusions regarding the adaptation of these systems to local contexts. In line with findings elsewhere, we found that the largest group of users consisted of educated men aged 25-45 from medium-to high-income neighborhoods, mainly using the system to travel to work. Santiago's fragmented governance has limited the placement of bikeshare systems in low-and middle-income communities and left them with few intermodal alternatives to relevant destinations. As a result, bikeshare mimics the existing inequity and economic concentration patterns that characterize Santiago's daily mobility. Based on these findings, we suggest key considerations and local adaptations that could improve, expand, and redistribute bikeshare facilities to attract currently excluded users.