3.18 Tesis doctorado

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Browsing 3.18 Tesis doctorado by Subject "06 Clean water and sanitation"

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    Physiological behavior of own rooted vine plants and rootstock effect on growth and PIP and TIP aquaporin leaf expression in Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon)
    (2022) Galaz Seguel, Andrea Paz; Gambardella C., Marina; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    Water scarcity is an increasingly important problem affecting the main wine-producing areas, and therefore, it is of great interest to study the physiological and molecular mechanisms that occur during periods of drought. Based on the stomatal behavior, two different strategies for facing water stress have been described: isohydric and anisohydric. Nevertheless, this classification is still not clear, and the effect of the rootstock on the whole plant response is still unknown. In this context, two assays were carried out, in both plants were subjected to water stress periods of 7 and 14 days and to a recovery period. In the first one, four Vitis spp. own-rooted genotypes were studied, two rootstocks (1103P and SO4) and two cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Carménère). Stem water potential, stomatal conductance, and growth rate were evaluated. Near anisohydric behavior was observed in all genotypes studied. The second assay consisted of three scion/rootstock combinations, Cabernet Sauvignon grafted onto itself, 1103P and 101-14. Although no differences were observed in stomatal conductance and stem water potential, near isohydric behavior was observed for the homograft, and near anisohydric behavior was found for the combinations. During the recovery period, significant differences were detected in the leaf expression levels of aquaporin genes VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2, VvTIP1;1 and VvTIP2;1. Cabernet Sauvignon plants grafted over 1103P and 101-14- showed higher expression levels. C. Sauvignon combined with rootstocks of different genetic backgrounds, responded better to the water suspension treatment, and its recovery was faster, demonstrating the benefits of genotype interactions in these responses.
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    Sediment transport dynamics in a glacierized Andean basin: lessons from the Estero Morales, Chile
    (2022) Carrillo Muñoz, Ricardo; Mao, Luca; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    Suspended and bedload transport dynamics on rivers draining glacierized basins depend on complex processes of runoff generation along with the degree of sediment connectivity and coupling at the basin scale. This thesis presents a recent dataset of sediment transport in the Estero Morales, a 27 km2 glacier-fed basin in Chile where suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and bedload (BL) fluxes have been continued monitored during two ablation seasons. The relationship between discharge and SSC depends on the origin of runoff, being transported in higher quantities during glacier melting, although the hysteresis index reveals that sediment sources are closer to the outlet during snowmelt. As for suspended sediment transport, bedload yield and availability depend on the origin of runoff. The relationship between discharge and BL reveals that early glacier melt period transport higher quantities of coarse sediments, and with higher efficiency, and the hysteresis suggests that sediments are provided by the proglacial area. Differences in volumes of transported sediments between the two studied ablation periods reveal differences in coupling mechanism on the sediment cascade, due to progressive changes of type and location of the main sources of runoff and sediments in this glacierized basin.