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Browsing Centros UC by Subject "06 Clean Water and Sanitation"

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    Challenges in determining soil moisture and evaporation fluxes using distributed temperature sensing methods
    (2020) Lagos, M.; Serna, J. L.; Munoz, J. F.; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Integrated Water Resource Management and Energy Requirements for Water Supply in the Copiapo River Basin, Chile
    (MDPI, 2014) Suarez, Francisco; Munoz, Jose F.; Fernandez, Bonifacio; Dorsaz, Jean Marc; Hunter, Christian K.; Karavitis, Christos A.; Gironas, Jorge; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Population and industry growth in dry climates are fully tied to significant increase in water and energy demands. Because water affects many economic, social and environmental aspects, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to solve current and future water scarcity problems, and to minimize energy requirements in water production. Such a task requires integrated water modeling tools able to couple surface water and groundwater, which allow for managing complex basins where multiple stakeholders and water users face an intense competition for limited freshwater resources. This work develops an integrated water resource management model to investigate the water-energy nexus in reducing water stress in the Copiapo River basin, an arid, highly vulnerable basin in northern Chile. The model was utilized to characterize groundwater and surface water resources, and water demand and uses. Different management scenarios were evaluated to estimate future resource availability, and compared in terms of energy requirements and costs for desalinating seawater to eliminate the corresponding water deficit. Results show a basin facing a very complex future unless measures are adopted. When a 30% uniform reduction of water consumption is achieved, 70 GWh over the next 30 years are required to provide the energy needed to increase the available water through seawater desalination. In arid basins, this energy could be supplied by solar energy, thus addressing water shortage problems through integrated water resource management combined with new technologies of water production driven by renewable energy sources.
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    Understanding the preferences for different types of urban greywater uses and the impact of qualitative attributes
    (2020) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Dawson, R.; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Hess, S.; Ortuzar, J. D.; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Using hybrid choice models to capture the impact of attitudes on residential greywater reuse preferences
    (2021) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Hess, S.; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Water vulnerabilities mapping: a multi-criteria and multi-scale assessment in central Chile
    (IWA PUBLISHING, 2021) Paegelow, Martin; Quense, Jorge; Peltier, Anne; Henriquez Ruiz, Cristian; Le Goff, Lucie; Arenas Vasquez, Federico; Antoine, Jean Marc; CEDEUS (Chile)
    One of the major challenges that populations have to face is vulnerability to water: lack of water, flooding, pollution, hazard sensitivity and coping capacity. For the reason of economic, social and environmental inequalities, this paper focuses on water-related vulnerabilities in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago (RMS) in Chile. Our main objective is to understand, through mapping, the multiscalar logics of water vulnerability. This study is carried out at two scales: at the regional level (RMS), we proceed with open access municipal statistical data and maps, while at the local level, a more detailed analysis focussing on the Chacabuco Province is based on the same type of data but with either a higher spatial resolution (Census districts) or a spatially more intensive data processing in order to take into account intra-municipal differences. In this way, we put into perspective the discourse developed in the Chilean media and by the inhabitants of Chacabuco Province regarding the province as an environmental 'sacrifice zone' for the RMS. The vulnerability maps are carried out at different scales in a simple and reproducible way by multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The results confirm the hypothesis of a sacrifice zone and show that high-resolution data and adequate data processing give, on average, lower vulnerability scores than using only statistical data on the municipal level. The results provide a cartographic decision support for stakeholders. Limitations of the study are discussed and required further research pointed out.