Capítulos de libros
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Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.fuente "Converis"
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- ItemBayesian Nonparametric Biostatistics(2015) Johnson, Wesley O.; Carvalho, Miguel de
- ItemExperimenting with an OLAP Approach for Interactive Discovery in Process Mining(2015) Pizarro, Gustavo; Sepúlveda Fernández, Marcos Ernesto
- ItemGenetics of body composition: From severe obesity to extreme leanness(2020) Cortes Mora, Víctor Antonio; Santos Martin, José LuisThis chapter describes common genetic variations influencing body composition as well as rare mutations causing monogenic obesity or extreme leanness. Large population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed more than 500 genetic loci associated with body mass index (BMI) and adiposity traits in the population. Common variations in FTO and MC4R genes are the most statistically consistent signals across studies. Although discoveries of new gene variants through GWAS are important for expanding underlying knowledge on body fat accumulation, their small effect make them insufficient for predicting obesity. Most cases of monogenic obesity are derived from rare mutations in genes belonging to the leptin-melanocortin pathway, such as LEP, LEPR, MC4R, or POMC genes. On the other extreme of BMI, the study of congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome has revealed mutations in AGPAT2, BSCL2, PTRF, and CAV1 genes. The evaluation of obesity and leanness as opposite phenotypes represents an interesting approach to assessing causal gene variations related to body composition.
- ItemKey issues in education and poverty(Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019) Gómez Nocetti, Viviana De Lourdes; Gaete Silva, Alfredo; Gomez Nocetti, Viviana De Lourdes; Gaete Silva, Alfredo
- ItemLuis Poirot ¿Dónde está la fotografía?(Dibam, 2017) Hurtado, María de la Luz
- ItemPhysiological Functions of Glial Cell Hemichannels(Springer, 2016) Orellana Roca, Juan AndrésThe brain performs exceptionally complex and dynamic tasks that depend on the coordinated interaction of neurons, glial cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, ependymal cells, and circulating blood cells. Among these cells, glial cells have emerged as crucial protagonists in the regulation of synaptic transmission and neural function. Indeed, these cells express a wide range of receptors that enable them to sense changes in neuronal activity and the microenvironment by responding locally via the release of bioactive molecules known as gliotransmitters. In the central nervous system (CNS), a novel mechanism that allows gliotransmission via the opening of hemichannels has been proposed. These channels are composed of six protein subunits consisting of connexins or pannexins, which are two highly conserved protein families that are encoded by 21 and 3 genes, respectively, in humans. Typically, glial cell hemichannels exhibit low levels of activity, but this activity is sufficient to ensure the release of a broad spectrum of gliotransmitters, including ATP, D-serine, glutamate, adenosine, and glutathione. Here, we briefly review the current findings regarding the effects of the hemichannel-dependent release of gliotransmitters on the physiology of the CNS.
- ItemProcess mining in primary care: A literature review(2018) Williams, Richard; Rojas Balcazar, Erick; Peek, Niels; Johnson, Owen A.Process mining is the discipline of discovering processes from event logs, checking the conformance of real world events to idealized processes, and ultimately finding ways to improve those processes. It was originally applied to business processes and has recently been applied to healthcare. It can reveal insights into clinical care pathways and inform the redesign of healthcare services. We reviewed the literature on process mining, to investigate the extent to which process mining has been applied to primary care, and to identify specific challenges that may arise in this setting. We identified 143 relevant papers, of which only a small minority (n=7) focused on primary care settings. Reported challenges included data quality (consistency and completeness of routinely collected data); selection of appropriate algorithms and tools; presentation of results; and utilization of results in real-world applications.
- ItemThe politics of citizenship education in Chile(2020) Mardones Zúñiga, RodrigoThis chapter reviews citizenship education in Chile as a national public policy vis-à-vis the international academic and political debates in the field. Chile’s citizenship education policy appears highly conditioned by successive paradigmatic experiments– progressive education (1930–1950), Christian democratic reformism (1964–70), socialist revolution (1970–73), and authoritarian and neoliberal (1973–90). Since 1990 civic education policy in Chile has tried to update to the international paradigm on citizenship education, conditioned in this attempt by a long transition to democracy and the recent appearance of a student social movement agitating for a shift away from neoliberal educational policies. As a result, Chile has partially adopted international standards in its citizenship education curricular guidelines, with some notable omissions such as the ideas of global citizenship and multiculturalism. Actors’ interests and preferences, as well as normative ideas and debates, are ubiquitous; therefore, no adversarial or deliberative approach by its own could explain citizenship education as a public policy. Instead, the analysis provided in this chapter applies an institutional perspective that integrates the adversarial and deliberative approaches into a long-term process that defines institutional development, historical legacies, and social and political context.
- ItemUnpredictable Meanings(Springer, 2019) Matus Cánovas, ClaudiaThis chapter presents excerpts produced in the field arranged around themes. I organize this chapter rhizomatically rather than linearly to explore the political possibilities of meaning taking form in the relation between the reader and the scenes. The act of interpreting and getting something out of field notes interrupts the narrow idea of expertise through understanding field notes as already analyzed pieces of data. As such, the process promotes a more political, chaotic, and unpredictable usage of this material and forces the reader to question her/his own ways of perpetuating dominant understandings in the production of normal and deviant school identities.
- ItemWhat really matters in green infrastructure for the urban quality of life? Santiago de Chile as a showcase city(Springer Cham, 2018) Banzhaf, Ellen; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; De La Barrera Melgarejo, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)The built, green and social environment express the situation of a city and, to a large extent, indicate the development of the urban area. These components of the urban environment have a strong impact on the quality of life of citizens. Along with the concepts of resource efficiency and resilience in cities, the quality of life forms one of the three pillars on which our research on urban transformations is grounded. We approach the concept of quality of life from the environmental perspective and understand the human well-being as an integral part of the broader concept of quality of life. In this study we focus on green infrastructure (GI) as an indication for quality of life research. Here, we measure the extent to which people can access GI as a service and profit from this infrastructure for health-related and social dimensions (Scottish Executive 2005; Bognar 2005). Rapid urbanisation processes accelerate land-use changes that mostly go along with extensive urban land consumption and involve population developments. Such multi-dimensional changes in urban land use and land-consumption patterns are very dynamic and widely ramified. They can evoke unsustainable structures that entangle social-spatial differentiations which are discussed in the context of urban growth and shrinkage processes (see Haase et al. in this volume, dealing with urban dynamics, Seto et al. 2011; Kabisch and Kuhlicke 2014). As land is a limited and contested resource, it demands for infrastructural provision and, particularly with respect to urban quality of life and a sustainable urban development, for the provision of green infrastructure.