Capítulos de libros
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing Capítulos de libros by browse.metadata.categoriaods "01 Fin de la pobreza"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemAgrobiodiversity in mountain territories: family farming and the challenges of social-environmental changes(Springer, 2023) Ibarra Eliessetch, Jose Tomas; Marchant, Carla; Olivares, Fernanda; Caviedes, Julián; Santana Sagredo, Francisca; Monterrubio-Solís, Constanza; Sarmiento, Fausto O.; Pontifica Universidad Católica de ChileFamily farming plays a fundamental role in food production. However, it faces rapid processes of social-environmental change, such as the application of hegemonic agrarian modernization policies and restrictions on the circulation of traditional seeds. Institutional changes are also altering practices and social relations, while climate change is the main factor in biodiversity loss and increased human vulnerability and the threat to livelihoods. The negative effects of these processes are particularly alarming in mountain territories. These systems are considered “biocultural refuges” since they often contain high levels of agrobiodiversity, complex systems of knowledge, and unique agricultural practices with identity value for local communities and indigenous peoples. This chapter examines the role of mountain family farming as a biocultural refuge and discusses the challenges it faces in a context of social-environmental crises, describing cases of mountain agricultural systems in nine of the world’s main mountain territories and showing that they are fragile spaces and highly vulnerable to certain processes of social-environmental change. For this reason, we urge the identification and promotion of strategies to foster the adaptation and resilience of mountain family farming as a way of contributing to the food security and sovereignty of the communities that inhabit these territories.
- ItemAir Quality in Latin American Buildings(2023) Molina Carvallo, Constanza Del Pilar; Benjamin Jones; Giobertti Morantes
- ItemAsentamientos populares en América Latina: trayectorias de investigación y conceptualizaciones contemporáneas para un objeto de estudio complejo(RIL Editores, 2023) Ruiz-Tagle Venero, Javier Ignacio; Valenzuela Ormeño, Felipe Eduardo; Núñez, Ana; Matus, Christian; Mosso, Emilia; Zenteno, Elizabeth; Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social (COES); Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos. Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileEste libro recopila las presentaciones de un simposio realizado durante el VI Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Antropología. Los artículos analizan las dinámicas de disputa en las ciudades y territorios por parte de sectores populares frente a la mercantilización urbana. Se destacan las tácticas y estrategias utilizadas por estas comunidades para producir su entorno. Este enfoque busca influir no solo en la academia, sino también en la toma de decisiones que afectan el hábitat, promoviendo políticas públicas y planificación urbana que reconozcan y fortalezcan las formas de producción social del espacio-tiempo utilizadas por las comunidades.
- ItemClinical social work in Chile(2022) Muñoz-Guzmán, Carolina; Grau, María Olaya; González, Karla; Garrido López, ValentinaSocial work in Latin America has been framed by an ethical-political dimension committed to democracy and change in social structures to ensure social justice. This has put under dispute the possibilities of clinical social work, which has been defined as a reduced understanding of social problems in Latin America. The increasing complexity of people’s lives, related not only to poverty but to the convergence of many difficulties across life’s course, provides a disciplinary opportunity for social workers to innovate in ways to deliver effective tools and skills in coping with violence, addiction, mental health problems, discrimination, and exclusion. Thus, supplementing traditional social work practice in the region, with clinical social work as a specialised area of intervention, seems urgent. This chapter examines the contributions that clinical social work can make to reach social justice in Latin America, specifically in Chile. The discussion focuses on the need for a specialised professional training in clinical social work, one that acknowledges critical social work perspectives in order to avoid reductionism when understanding social problems.
- ItemDisentanglements(2019) Matus Cánovas, ClaudiaThis chapter argues that the production of ethnographies can be a critical source for informing policy design on issues of diversity and inclusion. Ethnography from a post-representational perspective and the implications for the ways we conceptualize and represent issues of difference in school contexts and policy-making are explored. In making sense of the possibilities ethnographic research practices afford for informing policy design, the chapter engages in the exploration of new ways of thinking and researching inequalities, and the possibilities of change and transformation they might bring. I contend that the regulation of subjectivities through specific meanings of normalcy and difference leaves no opening for active politics. This chapter intends to advance on more creative ways to achieve social transformation.
- ItemEnabling mobilities: Reinterpreting concepts and tools(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemIntroduction: Schools are being produced right now(2019) Matus Cánovas, ClaudiaThis chapter introduces the major theoretical frames that delineate the object of study for researching the production of normalcy in school contexts. The major intellectual exercise in this work is to trouble the discursive, material, and affective paths that define how and why we should study the intertwined relation between policy, research practice, and inequality. In this introduction, major theoretical concepts and articulations will be laid out. It will also provide a critical contextualization of where this research is developed, with a specific focus on how neoliberal economic cultures and liberal ways of understanding policy reproduce inequality. The introduction also offers a description of the coming chapters, their foci, and articulations.
- ItemSocio-environmental Harms in Chile Under the Restorative Justice Lens: The Role of the State(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Bolivar Fernández, Daniela; Guerra Aburto, Liliana; Martinez, FelipeEnvironmental harm in Chile takes place in an economic, political, legal, and social context of extractivism. A multiscale process, extractivism involves the mobilisation of a significant amount and volume of natural resources, usually not processed, and the specialisation of areas or territories to produce one single type of product. As a policy, extractivism is encouraged by governments of different political colours from the Global South as a way to promote economic growth and social development. However, in Chile such policy has been disrespectful to nature, affecting seriously the balance of fragile ecosystems and the quality of life of populations who live already in poverty and social exclusion. In addition, environmental legislation in Chile is weak and contributes to abuses and environmental harm due to impunity. This chapter discusses the role of the state in the context of extractivist policies when considering responses to environmental harm from a restorative justice perspective. The authors suggest that the state should both recognise its own negligence and play a serious role in changing such a path in the future. However, the state as such cannot intervene as a third party in mediating between companies and communities but could promote the implementation of a collegial body, with representatives from different sectors of civil society, to identify and address environmental harm. Given the context, this chapter suggests and discusses the model of truth commissions.
- ItemTeachers’ beliefs about poverty: a barrier we must face(IntechOpen Limited, 2022) Gómez Nocetti, Viviana; González Vallejos, María Paz; Gutiérrez Rivera, Pablo SebastiánThe poorest children have the lowest educational results, which the neoliberal model has deepened. The State transferred its responsibility to private and municipalities through supply subsidies, but the amount did not ensure quality. To solve this problem, it provides an additional subsidy for each “priority” child, demanding accountability, but with high institutional and individual consequences. But the gap remains, and teachers are held accountable for these low results. The literature shows that teachers hold beliefs that prevent them from dealing constructively with this reality. Beliefs about poverty were investigated by asking 828 teachers from low and lower-middle SES schools with standardized test scores above and below the average of similar schools to point out four characteristics of vulnerable schools. The data were analyzed by means of thematic and semantic field analysis. A shared narrative was found, independent of the type of school, attributing failure to the degraded context that surrounds it, from which the families and children come. Neoliberal policies based on accountability have intensified the work of the teacher and the constant threat has led them to self-defense. There is an urgent need to change the approach if opportunities for the poorest children are to be improved.