Publicaciones académicas

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https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/7
Esta colección incluye artículos de profesores de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, publicados en revistas nacionales y extranjeras.

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Browsing Publicaciones académicas by browse.metadata.categoriaods "03 Salud y Bienestar"

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    Effects of hypotensive anesthesia compared to normotensive anesthesia in orthognathic surgeryEfectos de la anestesia hipotensora comparada con la anestesia normotensora en cirugía ortognática
    (2024) Dallaserra Albertini, Matías; Vargas Buratovic Juan Pablo; Campolo González, Andrés Francisco; Ríos Espósito, Nicolás; Nazar Jara, Claudio; Valladares Pérez, Salvador Rubén; Ortuño Borroto, Duniel
    Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is widely accepted for correcting dentofacial deformities. Due to the rich blood supply in the head and neck region, considerable bleeding can occur from the incised soft tissues and bone during orthognathic surgery. Hypotensive anesthesia is a method used in surgical practice by which blood pressure is decreased predictably and deliberately to reduce blood loss and improve surgical field. However, there is still uncertainty regarding its effectiveness and safety in orthognathic surgery. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis, and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and Conclusions: We identified three systematic reviews, including 11 studies overall, which are randomized trials. We concluded that hypotensive anesthesia may reduce intraoperative blood loss and may improve the quality of surgical field, however, the certainty of the evidence has been assessed as low. On the other hand, orthognathic surgery with HA may make little or no difference in surgical time (low certainty evidence). Finally, no studies were found that reported adverse effects or mortality.Introducción: La cirugía ortognática se encuentra ampliamente aceptada para la corrección de anomalías dentofaciales. Debido al importante suministro de sangre en la región de cabeza y cuello, puede ocurrir una considerable pérdida de sangre proveniente de los tejidos duros y blandos intervenidos durante una cirugía ortognática. La anestesia hipotensiva es un método utilizado en la práctica quirúrgica mediante el cual se disminuye de manera predecible y deliberada la presión sanguínea con el fin de reducir la pérdida hemática y mejorar el campo quirúrgico. Sin embargo, aún existe incertidumbre respecto a su efectividad y seguridad en cirugía ortognática. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y Conclusiones: Identificamos tres revisiones sistemáticas, que en conjunto incluyeron 11 estudios primarios, todos ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que la anestesia hipotensiva podría reducir la pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria y mejorar la calidad del campo quirúrgico, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Por otro lado, el uso de anestesia hipotensiva podria podría resultar en poca o nula diferencia en el tiempo quirúrgico (certeza de la evidencia baja). Finalmente, no se encontraron estudios que reportaran efectos adversos o mortalidad.
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    Rol de la microbiota intestinal en el desarrollo del hígado graso no alcohólico
    (Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2021) Tumani Karmy, María Fernanda; Tapia, Gladys; Aguirre, Carolina; Obregón, Ana María; Pettinelli, Paulina
    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from simple steatosis (SS) to hepatocellular carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota (IM) is composed of trillions of microorganisms existing in the gut. It has 150 times more genes than the host. Changes in the composition and function of the IM are associated with different diseases, including NAFLD. In this condition, IM could have a pathogenic role through different mechanisms such as energy salvaging from food, an inflammatory stimulus, a modulation of the innate immune system, regulation of bile acid turnover, alteration of choline metabolism and increasing endogenous ethanol levels. This review is an update on the role of the intestinal microbiota in NAFLD and the possible mechanisms involved.
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    Use of autologous platelet derivatives for secondary alveoloplasty in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Campolo González, Andrés Francisco; Heider Contreras, Claudia Andrea; Verdugo Paiva, M. F.; Bravo Jeria, R.; Morovic, C. G.; Rada, G.
    This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet derivatives (APD), specifically platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), combined with autogenous iliac crest bone grafts in secondary alveoloplasty for patients with cleft lip and palate. Electronic databases, relevant journals, and reference lists of included studies were searched until July 2022. Best-evidence synthesis was performed to draw conclusions. After the search strategies, 12 randomized controlled trials were included that provided data on six outcomes: newly formed bone, mean bone loss in height and width, bone density, functionality, and postoperative complications. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. The pooled results suggest that there is uncertainty as to whether the combination of APDs with autogenous iliac crest bone grafts improves the percentage of newly formed bone, as the certainty of the evidence was assessed as very low. It may slightly improve the functionality of patients (with low certainty of the evidence) and probably slightly reduces the incidence of postoperative complications (with moderate certainty of evidence). Further randomized clinical trials with standardized methodologies are required to validate these findings.