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A Call for Biomonitoring Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: Considerations for Potentially Toxic Metals/ Metalloids
(Ubiquity Press, 2022) Tamayo-Ortiz, Marcela; Riojas-Rodríguez, Horacio; Téllez-Rojo, Marta M.; Boischio, Ana; Mañay, Nelly; Menezes-Filho, José Antonio; Queirolo, Elena I.; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Kordas, Katarzyna; CEDEUS (Chile)
The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region makes up 8.4% of the world’s population. Human biomonitoring (HBM) programs, which can shed light on populationlevel exposure to environmental contaminants such as toxic metals and thus, improve the health of the populations are inexistent in LAC countries. We call for the creation of HBM programs in the region and identify three viable design options for HBM at the individual level, through national surveys, newborn blood collection, and biobanks. We highlight some of challenges to the implementation of HBM programs, including financial and human resources, technical constrains (laboratory), sample, and data logistics. Finally, we provide the case studies of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, to illustrate a range of responses to toxic metal exposure in non-occupational populations. Although different in many respects, the individual country responses share two commonalities: 1) academic centers drive the research to raise awareness of governmental entities; 2) reference levels are adapted from international norms rather than arising from the studied populations. Well-designed and sufficiently funded biomonitoring systems need to be established in each country of the LAC region. HBM programs are key to promoting human health by informing the public and contributing to policy processes that establish sustainable environmental controls and health prevention programs.
A preliminary study on aflatoxin exposure by urine biomonitoring in Chile
(2022) Foerster, Claudia; Monsalve, Liliam; Maldonado, Carlos; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra; Ferreccio, Catterina; CEDEUS (Chile)
We assessed the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in urine in a sample of the MAUCO population-based cohort (n = 120) using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit specially designed for the analysis of AFM1 in urine. We found AFM1 in the urine of 59% of the participants (> limit of detection), with 12% of the samples being over the limit of quantification. The mean of the quantifiable samples was 0.66 (± 0.35) ng/mg adjusted creatinine, ranging from 0.31 to 1.39 ng/mg creatinine. The mean probable daily intake (PDI) of AFB1 was 0.23 (± 0.37) ng/kg bw according to the upper bound (UB), being significantly higher in women and 0.14 (± 0.23) ng/kg bw in the modified lower bound (mLB) approach, ranging from 0.01 to 1.98 ng/kg bw. The risk of AFB1 was assessed with the margin of exposure (MOE) approach estimated at 2800 in the mean mLB and 1733 in the mean UB. According to the MOE values obtained in this study, aflatoxin B1 exposure must be considered a public health concern and must be taken as a priority for food risk management.
Accessibility Indicators to Fresh Food: A Quantitative Insight from Concepción, Chile
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2022) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Widener, Michael J.; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Meneses, Fernando; Rodríguez, Tiara; CEDEUS (Chile)
Accessibility is crucial to establishing and maintaining a nutritious and healthy diet. Although much of the literature on access to healthy food has focused on study areas in the Global North, the topic is of growing relevance to other regions across the globe. In Chile, where the prevalence of chronic diseases related to obesity and diet has increased, and over 50 percent of Chileans are considered overweight or obese, improving accessibility to healthy food has been an essential strat egy for improving health outcomes, including the food environment. In this article, we analyze walking accessibility from homes and workplaces to open street markets and supermarkets that sell fresh fruits and vegetables and consider the role of price in the Concepcion metropolitan area, the second most populated city in Chile. Results suggest that supermarkets and open street markets are distributed in a complementary way. Open street markets have a crucial role in facilitating access to more affordable products for peripheral and low-income areas. Findings also show workplaces increase accessibil ity in a way that is complementary to residential location
Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Changes in Older Adults Living in a Polluted Area in Central Chile
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022) Cortes Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Leiva Cisternas, Cinthya Aracely; Ojeda Valenzuela, María José; Bustamante-Ara, Natalia; Wambaa, Wanjiku; Domínguez, Alan; Pasten Salvo, Carlos; Rodriguez Peralta, Camila; Rojas Arenas, Barbara; Vargas Mesa, Diego; Ahumada Padilla Ericka Del Pilar; CEDEUS (Chile)
One recognized cause of cardiorespiratory diseases is air pollution. Older adults (OA) are one of the most vulnerable groups that suffer from its adverse effects. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between exposure to air pollution and changes in cardiorespiratory variables in OA. Observational prospective cohort study. Health questionnaires. blood pressure (BP) measurements, lung functions, respiratory symptoms, physical activity levels, and physical fitness in high and low exposure to air pollution were all methods used in evaluating OAs in communes with high contamination rates. Linear and logistic models were created to adjust for variables of interest. A total of 92 OA participated in this study. 73.9% of the subjects were women with 72.3 +/- 5.6 years. 46.7% were obese, while 12.1% consumed tobacco. The most prevalent diseases found were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adjusted linear models maintained an increase for systolic BP of 6.77 mmHg (95% CI: 1.04-12.51), and diastolic of 3.51 mmHg (95% CI: 0.72-6.29), during the period of high exposure to air pollution. The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that, during the period of high exposure to air pollution increase the respiratory symptoms 4 times more (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.07-10.04) in the OA. The results are consistent with an adverse effect on cardiorespiratory variables in periods of high exposure to air pollution in the OA population.
Association between maternity leave policies and postpartum depression: a systematic review
(Springer, 2023) Hidalgo-Padilla, Liliana; Toyama, Mauricio; Hanae, Jessica; Tanaka, Zafra; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)
Purpose: Working mothers are at greater risk for postpartum depression. Maternity leave characteristics, including length, wage replacement and employment protection, could have relevant implications for mothers’ mental health. We propose to explore whether there is an association between maternity leave characteristics and postpartum depression. Methods: We conducted a systematic review searching for randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort or cross-sectional studies on five databases using search terms including maternity and parental leave and depression, as well as references in relevant articles. We identified 500 articles and included 23 of those. We used the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Paid and longer maternity leaves tend to be associated with a reduction of postpartum depression symptoms in high-income countries. No studies explored the association between employment protection and postpartum depression. The quality of studies ranged from strong to weak, mostly influenced by study design. Conclusion: More restrictive maternity leave policies tend to be associated with higher rates of postpartum depression, although more research needs to be conducted in the Global South.
COVID-19 and the worsening of health inequities in Santiago, Chile
(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2021) Bilal, Usama; Alfaro, Tania; Vives, Alejandra; CEDEUS (Chile)
COVID-19 y ciudad: hacia un modelo integrado de vivienda, microbiología, ambiente y urbanismo
(Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2021) Encinas Pino, Felipe; Soto-Liebe, Katia; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; González, Bernardo; Bustamante, Waldo; Schueftan, Alejandra; Ugalde, Juan; Blondel, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo; Araya, Paz; Freed, Carmen; CEDEUS (Chile)
© 2021, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.As of May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus moves its epicentre to Latin America, with cities showing high rates of poverty, segregation, and overcrowding. Current advances in microbiology make it possible to understand in depth the relationships between cities, COVID-19, and other microorganisms, but a conceptual framework to articulate them is lacking, especially in contexts where social determinants are so relevant. This article proposes an integrated approach to microbiology, housing, environment, and urbanism, based on a model of interactions and an empirical analysis applied to Santiago de Chile. It was possible to analyse how the propagation of COVID-19 in the city is enhanced by vulnerabilities of socio-spatial, residential and urban health, including an approach from the concept of energy poverty. At the same time, it was possible to verify how the variables associated with these vulnerabilities allowed to explain the incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants through the different communes of Santiago de Chile. Among these, the level of housing overcrowding, the number of households with heads of household in precarious employment, and travel to the central business district stand out. Finally, the need for microbiological sampling to improve housing conditions, neighbourhoods, and cities propose a new research agenda for this Urban Microbiome" multidisciplinary team, contributing to overcoming the vulnerabilities identified in this research.
Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile
(2022) Basnak Klajn, Paul Alexander; Giesen Encina, Ricardo; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; CEDEUS (Chile)
A sharp decrease in public transport demand has been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world. In this context, it is relevant to understand how mode preferences have changed since the surge of COVID-19.& nbsp;In order to better understand how the pandemic changed mode choice, particularly regarding the impact of crowding and face mask use in public transport, we conducted a stated preference on-line and on-street survey in Santiago, Chile. Our sample is balanced in gender but has a higher proportion of individuals with college degrees and those under 45 years of age than the population of Santiago.& nbsp;The data collected was then used to estimate two multinomial mode choice models, a latent class model and a mixed logit model with latent variables.& nbsp;The models yielded a value of travel time in crowded conditions (4 pax/m2) and low face mask use (50%) of 3.0-5.1 times higher than the case with low crowding (0.5 pax/m2) and 100% face mask use. Moreover, women tend to be more sensitive than men to the use of face masks in public transport. Besides, young and low-income people are relatively less sensitive to crowding.& nbsp;The crowding penalization obtained is higher than in pre-pandemic models calibrated for Santiago for similar passenger densities. Also, as we expected, it grows non-linearly with passenger density. Disinfection of vehicles, as well as the perception of health risk, cleanliness, safety and comfort, were also relevant in explaining mode choice. Further research shall discuss how the change of mode preferences together with new demand patterns influence the operational design of public transport services.
Evaluating the health effects of place-based slum upgrading physical environment interventions: A systematic review (2012-2018)
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Henson, Rosie Mae; Ortigoza, Ana; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Baeza, Fernando; Caiaffa, Waleska; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Diez Roux, Ana, V; Lovasi, Gina; CEDEUS (Chile)
Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is associated with increasing population living in informal settlements. Inadequate infrastructure and disenfranchisement in settlements can create environments hazardous to health. Placed-based physical environment upgrading interventions have potential to improve environmental and economic conditions linked to health outcomes. Summarizing and assessing evidence of the impact of prior interventions is critical to motivating and selecting the most effective upgrading strategies moving forward. Scientific and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify evaluations of physical environment slum upgrading interventions in LMICs published between 2012 and 2018. Thirteen evaluations that fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed. Quality of evaluations was assessed using an adapted Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Findings were then pooled with those published prior to 2012. Narrative analysis was performed. Of thirteen evaluations, eight used a long-itudinal study design ("primary evaluations"). All primary evaluations were based in Latin America and included two housing, two transportation, and four comprehensive intervention evaluations. Three supporting evaluations assessed housing interventions in Argentina and South Africa; two assessed a comprehensive intervention in India. Effects by intervention-type included improvements in quality of life and communicable diseases after housing interventions, possible improvements in safety after transportation and comprehensive interventions, and possible non-statistically significant effects on social capital after comprehensive interventions. Effects due to interventions may vary by regional context and intervention scope. Limited strong evidence and the diffuse nature of comprehensive interventions suggests a need for attention to measurement of intervention exposure and analytic approaches to account for confounding and selection bias in evaluation. In addition to health improvements, evaluators should consider unintended health consequences and environmental impact. Understanding and isolating the effects of place-based interventions can inform necessary policy decisions to address inadequate living conditions as rapid urban growth continues across the globe.
Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cities of Chile: Magnitude, Inequalities, and Urban Determinants
(SPRINGER, 2022) Alfaro, Tania; Martinez-Folgar, Kevin; Vives, Alejandra; Bilal, Usama; CEDEUS (Chile)
We estimated excess mortality in Chilean cities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with city-level factors. We used mortality, and social and built environment data from the SALURBAL study for 21 Chilean cities, composed of 81 municipalities or "comunas", grouped in 4 macroregions. We estimated excess mortality by comparing deaths from January 2020 up to June 2021 vs 2016-2019, using a generalized additive model. We estimated a total of 21,699 (95%CI 21,693 to 21,704) excess deaths across the 21 cities. Overall relative excess mortality was highest in the Metropolitan (Santiago) and the North regions (28.9% and 22.2%, respectively), followed by the South and Center regions (17.6% and 14.1%). At the city-level, the highest relative excess mortality was found in the Northern cities of Calama and Iquique (around 40%). Cities with higher residential overcrowding had higher excess mortality. In Santiago, capital of Chile, municipalities with higher educational attainment had lower relative excess mortality. These results provide insight into the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 in Chile, which has served as a magnifier of preexisting urban health inequalities, exhibiting different impacts between and within cities. Delving into these findings could help prioritize strategies addressed to prevent deaths in more vulnerable communities.
Exposición a contaminantes provenientes de termoeléctricas a carbón y salud infantil: ¿cuál es la evidencia internacional y nacional?
(Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría, 2019) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra; Yohannessen, Karla V.; Tellerias C., Lidya; Ahumada P., Ericka; CEDEUS (Chile)
Las centrales termoeléctricas (CTE) a carbón representan un riesgo para la salud de las comunidades expuestas. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica nacional e internacional enfocada en los efectos en salud de niños y la exposición a emisiones al aire provenientes de CTE a carbón. Se incluyeron 21 artículos para su revisión en texto completo, donde se midieron efectos en salud infantil relacionados a presencia de biomarcadores de exposición y efecto, daños perinatales, neuroconductuales y respiratorios principalmente. La exposición a emisiones de CTE a carbón en el embarazo se asoció a niños con bajo peso y muy bajo peso al nacer, menor talla, menor diámetro de Circunferencia del Cráneo (CC) y prematuridad; el diámetro de CC aumentó en recién nacidos después del cierre de CTE. Se encontraron menor coeficiente de desarrollo (CD) y coeficiente intelectual (CI) en niños expuestos a emisiones de CTE a carbón comparados con no expuestos; CD aumentó cuando la central fue cerrada. Por otro lado, vivir en zonas con fuentes de emisión de mercurio (asociadas a CTE y plantas de cemento que funcionan con carbón) se asoció con mayor riesgo de autismo. En salud respiratoria, los artículos fueron consistentes en reportar menor función pulmonar en niños residentes en zonas expuestas a fuentes de combustión de carbón comparados con grupos de niños no expuestos. Es muy necesario abrir el debate en Chile sobre los riesgos controlables a los que se enfrenta la población infantil a consecuencia de plantas generadoras de energía instaladas en Chile.
Health inequalities related to informal employment : gender and welfare state variations in the Central American region
(2020) Rodriguez-Loureiro, L.; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Franzoni, J. M.; Lopez-Ruiz, M.; CEDEUS (Chile)
Health protection among own account and platform workers during COVID19 in Chile. The PWR project
(2022) Ruiz, M. ; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Alvarez, V.; Diaz, I.; Zaupa, A.; CEDEUS (Chile)
Background: In the last decades, non-standard employment has grown globally. Especially for own account workers (OAW), this implies the self-management of economic, health and other work-related risks. In the context of COVID19, this management was stressed by lockdowns and the novel health risks imposed by an unknown and highly contagious virus, demanding the incorporation of new knowledge and preventive actions. As part of a six-country multiple case qualitative study on non-standard workers (NSW), we explore their experiences and strategies deployed to protect their health while continuing to work. Methods: We performed 40 in-depth interviews to NSWs between October 2020 and February 2021, identified through the PWR online-survey and selected through an intentional sampling strategy according to levels of precarity (high-low), gender (male/female) and age (18-39/40-55). Interviews were analysed through abductive thematic analysis. Results: We observed a significant transfer to platform, Uber-like jobs in the delivery of goods during lockdown (n = 7). In the absence of institutional prevention programs and provision of protective equipment, OAWs (n = 13) refer the self-provision of COVID19 prevention to protect themselves and their families while continuing to work, deploying a series of strategies amidst limited understanding of both mode of transmission of the virus and actual effective preventive measures. This had serious consequences for them and their families, expressed in anguish, sense of lack of control, fear, and fragility in the face of a major health risk given their constant potential exposure to the virus, leading to both physical and mental health problems, as well as COVID19 infection. Conclusions: The substantial growth worldwide of gig delivery work during lockdowns magnified a pressing public health problem, critically requiring social security for gig and OAWs and the development of more equitable and accessible occupational health for all. Key messages: • Substantial growth worldwide of gig delivery work during lockdowns magnified a pressing public health problem.• Social security for gig and OAWs are critically required as well as the development of more equitable and accessible occupational health for all.
Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of an agricultural area of central Chile and inhalation cancer risk assessments
(2023) Pozo, Karla; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra; Gómez, Victoria; Guida, Yago; Torres, Mariett; Carvalho, Gabriel Oliveira de; P?ibylová, Petra; Klánová, Jana; Jorquera, Héctor; CEDEUS (Chile)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent toxic substances prone to long-range atmospheric transport. Even in low concentrations, environmental exposure to PAHs can impact human health. In this study we aimed to i) investigate the occurrence of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (?15PAHs), from August 2016 to January 2018, in the atmosphere of Molina, using polyurethane foam disks (PAS-PUF) in central Chile; and ii) perform deterministic and probabilistic (using Monte Carlo simulations) inhalation cancer risk assessments. Gas chromatography and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC- MS/MS) measured target PAHs. Results showed ?15PAHs ranging from 2 ng m-3 to 108 ng m-3, with four-ring PAHs as the prevalent compounds, including phenanthrene (44%) and fluoranthene (24%). Winter season showed the highest PAH levels (increasing factor up to ?8 times). PAHs diagnostic ratios showed the prevalence of pyrogenic combustion (winter) and petrogenic combustion (summer). Lifetime cancer risk assessments, using BaP-eq values, indicated an increased cancer risk for the exposed population considering different risk assessment approaches. Younger individuals were the most affected by an increased cancer risk at all sampling sites. The Monte Carlo probabilistic assessment indicated that infants and toddlers could be exposed to PAH air concentrations exceeding the cancer risk threshold in over 94% of the simulations. The coldest months in the studied region are critical for human exposure and health risk due to intense wood combustion. Indoor air can be even more relevant due to the chronic inhalation of the smoke and associated chemicals.
Inequalities in life expectancy in six large Latin American cities from the SALURBAL study: an ecological analysis
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Bilal, Usama; Alazraqui, Marcio; Caiaffa, Waleska T.; Lopez Olmedo, Nancy; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Miranda, J. Jaime; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Vives, Alejandra; Diez Roux, Ana V.; CEDEUS (Chile)
Background Latin America is one of the most unequal regions in the world, but evidence is lacking on the magnitude of health inequalities in urban areas of the region. Our objective was to examine inequalities in life expectancy in six large Latin American cities and its association with a measure of area-level socioeconomic status.
Non-Standard Employment and Unemployment during the COVID-19 Crisis: Economic and Health Findings from a Six-Country Survey Study
(MDPI, 2022) Gunn, Virginia; Vives, Alejandra; Zaupa, Alessandro; Hernando-Rodriguez, Julio C.; Julia, Mireia; Kvart, Signild; Lewchuk, Wayne; Padrosa, Eva; Vos, Mattias Philippe; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Baron, Sherry; Bosmans, Kim; Davis, Letitia; Diaz, Ignacio; Matilla-Santander, Nuria; Muntaner, Carles; O'Campo, Patricia; Ostergren, Per-Olof; Vanroelen, Christophe; Vignola, Emilia F.; Bodin, Theo; CEDEUS (Chile)
The COVID-19 crisis is a global event that has created and amplified social inequalities, including an already existing and steadily increasing problem of employment and income insecurity and erosion of workplace rights, affecting workers globally. The aim of this exploratory study was to review employment-related determinants of health and health protection during the pandemic, or more specifically, to examine several links between non-standard employment, unemployment, economic, health, and safety outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, Belgium, Spain, Canada, the United States, and Chile, based on an online survey conducted from November 2020 to June 2021. The study focused on both non-standard workers and unemployed workers and examined worker outcomes in the context of current type and duration of employment arrangements, as well as employment transitions triggered by the COVID-19 crisis. The results suggest that COVID-19-related changes in non-standard worker employment arrangements, or unemployment, are related to changes in work hours, income, and benefits, as well as the self-reported prevalence of suffering from severe to extreme anxiety or depression. The results also suggest a link between worker type, duration of employment arrangements, or unemployment, and the ability to cover regular expenses during the pandemic. Additionally, the findings indicate that the type and duration of employment arrangements are related to the provision of personal protective equipment or other COVID-19 protection measures. This study provides additional evidence that workers in non-standard employment and the unemployed have experienced numerous and complex adverse effects of the pandemic and require additional protection through tailored pandemic responses and recovery strategies.
Nutritional and metabolic benefits associated with active and public transport : Results from the Chilean National Health Survey, ENS 2016-2017
(2020) Passi Solar, Alvaro Rodrigo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Cortinez O'Ryan, A.; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Mindell, J. S.; CEDEUS (Chile)
Pesticide exposure in Chile and population health: urgency for decision making [Exposición a plaguicidas en Chile y salud poblacional: urgencia para la toma de decisiones]
(2020) Zúñiga-Venegas, Liliana; Pancetti, Floria; Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa; Lucero, Boris; Foerster, Claudia; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Saracini, Chiara; CEDEUS (Chile)
In the last 25 years, Chile has had an expanding role as an agro-export country in the global economy, with efficient rates of productivity in the region, based on the technological development of agriculture, with of large monocultures whose productivity depends on the intensive application of agrochemicals. This form of agriculture has also lacked efficient regulations and surveillance, so it is difficult to estimate the real magnitude of the exposed population and its effects on health in the short or long term. This systema-tic review compiles the epidemiological evidence generated from studies conducted in several regions of Chile regarding pesticide exposure and health effects. Of the total number of articles, 50% included agricultural workers, 25% children, and 25% women of childbearing age, with the greatest effects being the neurotoxic (54%), genotoxic (31%) and reproductive (15%). The evidence collected shows that in Chile the levels of exposure to pesticides in the general and occupational population are higher than interna-tional studies levels. It is urgent to protect the health of both the occupational and general population and especially children through a stricter control of the sale and use of pesticides, with comprehensive surveillance systems in environmental health and educational actions in the social and cultural context of rural communities. It is a priority to strengthen research with national relevance on health effects, and strictly restrict the use of pesticides already prohibited in developed countries due to their high level of risk to human and environmental health. (c) 2020 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Social Inclusion and Physical Activity in Ciclovia Recreativa Programs in Latin America
(2021) Mejia-Arbelaez, Carlos; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Flores Castillo, Mónica; Truffello, Ricardo; Martínez, Lina; Medina, Catalina; Guaje, Oscar; Pinzón Ortiz, José David; Useche, Andres F.; Rojas-Rueda, David; Delclòs-Alió, Xavier; CEDEUS (Chile)
Ciclovia Recreativa is a program in which streets are closed off to automobiles so that people have a safe and inclusive space for recreation and for being physically active. The study aims were: (1) to compare participant's spatial trajectories in four Ciclovia Recreativa programs in Latin America (Bogota, Mexico City, Santiago de Cali, and Santiago de Chile) according to socioeconomic characteristics and urban segregation of these cities; and (2) to assess the relationship between participants' physical activity (PA) levels and sociodemographic characteristics. We harmonized data of cross-sectional studies including 3282 adults collected between 2015 and 2019. We found the highest mobility for recreation in Bogota, followed closely by Santiago de Cali. In these two cities, the maximum SES (socioeconomic status) percentile differences between the neighborhood of origin and the neighborhoods visited as part of the Ciclovia use were 33.58 (p-value < 0.001) and 30.38 (p-value < 0.001), respectively, indicating that in these two cities, participants were more likely to visit higher or lower SES neighborhoods than their average SES-of-neighborhood origin. By contrast, participants from Mexico City and Santiago de Chile were more likely to stay in geographic units similar to their average SES-of-origin, having lower overall mobility during leisure time: maximum SES percentile difference 1.55 (p-value < 0.001) and -0.91 (p-value 0.001), respectively. PA levels of participants did not differ by sex or SES. Our results suggest that Ciclovia can be a socially inclusive program in highly unequal and segregated urban environments, which provides a space for PA whilefacilitat physical proximity, exposure to new communities and environments, and interactions between different socioeconomic groups.
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2022) Khanh Bao Tran; Lang, Justin J.; Compton, Kelly; Xu, Rixing; Acheson, Alistair R.; Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Penberthy, Louise; Aali, Amirali; Abbas, Qamar; Abbasi, Behzad; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab; Abdoli, Gholamreza; Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir; Abedi, Aidin; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abidi, Hassan; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Absalan, Abdorrahim; Abtew, Yonas Derso; Ali, Hiwa Abubaker; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Achappa, Basavaprabhu; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Addison, Daniel; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun; Adnan, Mohammad; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Advani, Shailesh M.; Afrin, Sumia; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Aggarwal, Manik; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Araz Ramazan; Ahmad, Rizwan; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Luai A.; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Aiman, Wajeeha; Ajami, Marjan; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa; Aklilu, Addis; Akonde, Maxwell; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Alessy, Saleh Ali; Algammal, Abdelazeem M.; Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkhayyat, Motasem; Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali; Almustanyir, Sami; Alonso, Nivaldo; Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Al-Rifai, Rami H. Hani; Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah; Al-Tammemi, Alaa B.; Altawalah, Haya; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Dehkordi, Javad Javad Aminian; Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein; Amu, Hubert; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderson, Jason A.; Animut, Yaregal Animut; Anoushiravani, Amir; Anoushirvani, Ali Arash; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antony, Benny; Antwi, Maxwell Hubert; Anwar, Sumadi Lukman; Anwer, Razique; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aremu, Olatunde; Argaw, Ayele Mamo; Ariffin, Hany; Aripov, Timur; Arshad, Muhammad; Al Artaman; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Aryannejad, Armin; Asaad, Malke; Asemahagn, Mulusew A.; Asemi, Zatollah; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Assadi, Reza; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Null, Maha Mohd Wahbi Atout; Attia, Sameh; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awedew, Atalel Fentahun; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Awoke, Tewachew; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu; Ayen, Solomon Shitu; Azadi, Davood; Null, Sina Azadnajafabad; Azami-Aghdash, Saber; Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye; Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza; Jafari, Amirhossein Azari; Azizi, Hosein; Azzam, Ahmed Y. Y.; Babajani, Amirhesam; Badar, Muhammad; Badiye, Ashish D.; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nader; Bagherieh, Sara; Bahadory, Saeed; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L.; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Indrajit; Bardhan, Mainak; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Bashir, Nasir Z.; Bashiri, Azadeh; Basu, Saurav; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Begum, Aeysha; Bekele, Alehegn Bekele; Belay, Alemayehu Sayih; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Arielle Wilder; Belo, Luis; Benzian, Habib; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.; Bhuyan, Soumitra S.; Bibi, Sadia; Bilchut, Awraris Hailu; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Biondi, Antonio; Birega, Mesfin Geremaw Birega; Birhan, Habitu Eshetu; Bjorge, Tone; Blyuss, Oleg; Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao; Boloor, Archith; Bosetti, Cristina; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Brenner, Hermann; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Buchanan, Christina Maree; Bulamu, Norma B.; Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa; Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A.; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Camera, Luis Alberto; Cao, Chao; Cao, Yin; Carreras, Giulia; Carvalho, Marcia; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Charalampous, Periklis; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Cho, William C. S.; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Cohen, Aaron J.; Conde, Joao; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Culbreth, Garland T.; Dadras, Omid; Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Danielewicz, Anna; An Thi Minh Dao; Soltani, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Das, Saswati; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Esmaeili, Elham Davtalab; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Debela, Sisay Abebe; Dehghan, Azizallah; Demisse, Biniyam; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; DenovaGutiA, Edgar; Derakhshani, Afshin; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Dereje, Diriba; Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon; Desai, Rupak; Desalegn, Markos Desalegn; Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu; Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A.; Dessie, Gashaw; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Digesa, Lankamo Ena; Dixit, Shilpi Gupta; Doaei, Saeid; Linh Phuong Doan; Doku, Paul Narh; Dongarwar, Deepa; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher; Edalati, Sareh; Eghbalian, Fatemeh; Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham; Eini, Ebrahim; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Ekwueme, Donatus U.; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elghazaly, Hesham; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Bain, Luchuo Engelbert; Enyew, Daniel Berhanie; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Eshetu, Tegegne; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Espinosa-Montero, Juan; Etaee, Farshid; Etemadimanesh, Azin; Eyayu, Tahir; Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahimi, Saman; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Fares, Jawad; Farmany, Abbas; Farooque, Umar; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fatima, Wafa; Fattahi, Hamed; Fekadu, Ginenus; Feleke, Berhanu Elfu; Ferrari, Allegra Allegra; Ferrero, Simone; Desideri, Lorenzo Ferro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Foroumadi, Roham; Foroutan, Masoud; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gadanya, Muktar A.; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galehdar, Nasrin; Gallus, Silvano; Garg, Tushar; Fonseca, Mariana Gaspar; Gebremariam, Yosef Haile; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu; Geda, Yohannes Fikadu; Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw; Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete; Getachew, Melaku; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghimire, Ajnish; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Navashenaq, Jamshid Gholizadeh; Ghozy, Sherief; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Ginindza, Themba G.; Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T.; Glasbey, James C.; Godos, Justyna; Goel, Amit; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Golitaleb, Mohamad; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Grosso, Giuseppe; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, VeerBala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gurara, Mekdes Kondale; Guta, Alemu; Habibzadeh, Parham; Avval, Atlas Haddadi; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Ali, Adel Hajj; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halboub, Esam S.; Halimi, Aram; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Hariri, Sanam; Harlianto, Netanja, I; Haro, Josep Maria; Hartono, Risky Kusuma; Hasaballah, Ahmed, I; Hasan, S. M. Mahmudul; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika; Hassan, Abbas M.; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Heidarymeybodi, Zahra; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni; Holla, Ramesh; Holm, Marianne; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hoseini, Mohammad; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Ali; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Huang, Junjie; Hugo, Fernando N.; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Salman; Hussein, Nawfal R.; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ikuta, Kevin S.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Immurana, Mustapha; Innos, Kaire; Iranpour, Pooya; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, Md Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M.; Islami, Farhad; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Merin, Linda J.; Jaiswal, Abhishek; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalili, Mahsa; Jalilian, Shahram; Jamshidi, Elham; Jang, Sung-In; Jani, Chinmay T.; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad; Jebai, Rime; Jemal, Bedru; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jindal, Har Ashish; John-Akinola, Yetunde O.; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jarisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Kamangar, Farin; Kamath, Ashwin; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandaswamy, Eswar; Kandel, Himal; Kang, HyeJung; Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel; Kapoor, Neeti; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Karanth, Shama D.; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karch, AndrA; Karimi, Amirali; Kassa, Bekalu Getnet; Katoto, Patrick D. M. C.; Kauppila, Joonas H.; Kaur, Harkiran; Kebede, Abinet Gebremickael; Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila; Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu; Bohan, Phillip M. Kemp; Keramati, Maryam; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Abbas; Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Ab Khan, Moien; Khanali, Javad; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Kashani, Hamid Reza Khayat; Tabari, Mohammad Amin Khazeei; Khezeli, Mehdi; Khodadost, Mahmoud; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Klugar, Miloslav; Klugarova, Jitka; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kolkhir, Pavel; Kompani, Farzad; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, Akshay; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Narinder; Kurmi, Om P.; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lahiri, Arista; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lam, Judit; Lan, Qing; Landires, Ivan; Larijani, Bagher; Lasrado, Savita; Lau, Jerrald; Lauriola, Paolo; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Lee, Yo Han; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S.; Liu, Gang; Liu, Jue; Lo, Chun-Han; Lohiya, Ayush; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lorenzovici, Laszla; Lotfi, Mojgan; Loureiro, Joana A.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Mafi, Ahmad R.; Magdeldin, Sameh; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoodpoor, Ata; Mahmoudi, Morteza; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Majeed, Azeem; Majidpoor, Jamal; Makki, Alaa; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Rad, Elaheh Malakan; Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Mallya, Sneha Deepak; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Manda, Ana Laura; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Masoudi, Sahar; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Matei, Clara N.; Mathews, Elezebeth; Mathur, Manu Raj; Mathur, Vasundhara; McKee, Martin; Meena, Jitendra Kumar; Mehmood, Khalid; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi; Mehrotra, Ravi; Melese, Addisu; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengesha, SIsay Derso; Mensah, Laverne G.; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A.; Mera-Mamian, Andry Yasmid Mera; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Merid, Mehari Woldemariam; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Meselu, Belsity Temesgen; Meshkat, Mahboobeh; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku; Miller, Ted R.; Mir, Shabir Ahmad; Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem; Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza; Misganaw, Abay Sisay; Misra, Sanjeev; AbdulmuhsinMohammad, Karzan; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Arif; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Syam; Mohseni, Mohammad; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molassiotis, Alex; Molokhia, Mariam; Momenzadeh, Kaveh; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mons, Ute; Al Montasir, Ahmed; Montazeri, Fateme; Montero, Arnulfo; Moosavi, Mohammad Amin; Moradi, Abdolvahab; Moradi, Yousef; Sarabi, Mostafa Moradi; Moraga, Paula; Morawska, Lidia; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mosapour, Abbas; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Isfahani, Haleh Mousavi; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mulita, Francesk; Munblit, Daniel; Munro, Sandra B.; Murillo-Zamora, Efran; Musa, Jonah; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghipour, Mohammadreza; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha; Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod; Nassereldine, Hasan; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye; Negash, Wogene Wogene; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nejati, Kazem; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Huy Van Nguyen Nguyen; Niazi, Robina Khan; Noor, Nurulamin M.; Noori, Maryam; Noroozi, Nafise; Nouraei, Hasti; Nowroozi, Ali; Nunez-Samudio, Virginia; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Oghenetega, Onome Bright; Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer; Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru; Oh, In-Hwan; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Omer, Emad; Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel; Ong, Sokking; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Orru, Hans; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Oumer, Bilcha; Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi; Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel; Mahesh, P. A.; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakbin, Babak; Pakshir, Keyvan; Pakzad, Reza; Palicz, Tamas; Pana, Adrian; Pandey, Ashok; Pant, Suman; Pardhan, Shahina; Park, Eun-Kee; Park, Seoyeon; Patel, Jay; Pati, Siddhartha; Paudel, Rajan; Paudel, Uttam; Paun, Mihaela; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Peng, Minjin; Pereira, Jeevan; Pereira, Renato B.; Perna, Simone; Perumalsamy, Navaraj; Pestell, Richard G.; Pezzani, Raffaele; Piccinelli, Cristiano; Pillay, Julian David; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pischon, Tobias; Postma, Maarten J.; Langroudi, Ashkan Pourabhari; Pourshams, Akram; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prashant, Akila; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raeisi, Mojtaba; Rafiee, Ata; Rafiei, Alireza; Raheem, Nasiru; Rahim, Fakher; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Vahid; Rajai, Nazanin; Rajesh, Aashish; Ram, Pradhum; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rana, Juwel; Ranabhat, Kamal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rashedi, Sina; Rashidi, Amirfarzan; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh; Rehman, Ashfaq Ur; Rehman, Inayat Ur; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezaei, Maryam; Rezaei, Nima; Rezaei, Saeid; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rezapour, Aziz; Riad, Abanoub; Rikhtegar, Reza; Rios-Blancas, Maria; Roberts, Thomas J.; Rohloff, Peter; Romero-Rodriguez, Esperanza; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Manjula, S.; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Saberzadeh-Ardestani, Bahar; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Saeed, Umar; Safaei, Mohsen; Safary, Azam; Sahebazzamani, Maryam; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Harihar; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salari, Hedayat; Salehi, Sana; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sankararaman, Senthilkumar; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem; Sarveazad, Arash; Sarvi, Fatemeh; Sathian, Brijesh; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sayegh, Nicolas; Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola; Schwarzinger, Michael; Ekerija, Mario A.; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Seylani, Allen; Seyoum, Kenbon; Sha, Feng; Shafaat, Omid; Shah, Pritik A.; Shahabi, Saeed; Shahid, Izza; Shahrbaf, Mohammad Amin; Shahsavari, Hamid R.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso; Shaker, Elaheh; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew; Sharifi, Azam; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Sharma, Purva; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikh, Mahdi; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Sheikhy, Ali; Shepherd, Peter Robin; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Jeevan K.; Shetty, Ranjitha S.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shivarov, Velizar; Shobeiri, Parnian; Varniab, Zahra Shokri; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Shrestha, Sunil; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Malleshappa, SudeepK Siddappa; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Luas Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Julian, Guilherme Silva; Silvestris, Nicola; Simegn, Wudneh; Singh, Achintya Dinesh; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Garima; Singh, Harpreet; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Jitendra Kumar; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Sinke, Abiy H.; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Sitas, Freddy; Siwal, Samarjeet Singh; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Socea, Bogdan; Soeberg, Matthew J.; Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad; Solomon, Yonatan; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; Song, Suhang; Song, Yimeng; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soshnikov, Sergey; Sotoudeh, Houman; Sowe, Alieu; Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale; Suk, Ryan; Suleman, Muhammad; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Sultana, Saima; Sur, Daniel; Szacska, Miklas; Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadbiri, Hooman; Taheri, Ensiyeh; Taheri, Majid; Soodejani, Moslem Taheri; Takahashi, Ken; Talaat, Iman M.; Tampa, Mircea; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tat, Nathan Y.; Tat, Vivian Y.; Tavakoli, Arash; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Thapar, Rekha; Thavamani, Aravind; Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep Thoguluva; Thomas, Nihal; Thomas, Nikhil Kenny; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiyuri, Amir; Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse; Topor-Madry, Roman; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha; Ullah, Irfan; Ullah, Sana; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Vacante, Marco; Vaezi, Maryam; Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan; Valdez, Pascual R.; Vardavas, Constantine; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vaziri, Siavash; Velazquez, Diana Zuleika; Veroux, Massimiliano; Villeneuve, Paul J.; Violante, Francesco S.; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Vlassov, Vasily; Vo, Bay; Vu, Linh Gia; Wadood, Abdul Wadood; Waheed, Yasir; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wamai, Richard G.; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wang, Ning; Wang, Yu; Ward, Paul; Waris, Abdul; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Woldemariam, Melat; Woldu, Berhanu; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yadav, Lalit; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yang, Lin; Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yismaw, Yazachew; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yousefian, Fatemeh; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Yong; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zahir, Mazyar; Zaki, Nazar; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zare, Fariba; Zare, Iman; Zareshahrabadi, Zahra; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeineddine, Mohammad A.; Zhang, Dongyu; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhou, Linghui; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoladl, Mohammad; Vos, Theo; Hay, Simon, I; Force, Lisa M.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; CEDEUS (Chile)
Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.

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