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Browsing CEDEUS by browse.metadata.categoria "Ingeniería"
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- ItemA discrete-event public transportation simulation model to evaluate travel demand management impacts on waiting times and crowding conditions(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Soza-Parra, J.; Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; CEDEUS (Chile)Several approaches have been proposed and adopted by researchers and decision-makers to improve and deal with public transport operation issues, especially travel demand management (TDM) measures. Disruptions like lockdowns provoked by weather conditions, political riots, special events, natural disaster issues, or the recent COVID-19 pandemic create a need for tools to manage public transport demand and supply o keep users circulating in an efficient, convenient and safe manner. Our work develops a simulation tool of the operations of a public transport system using smart card, GTFS and census data to evaluate the impacts of different intervention scenarios using the pandemic context as a case study. Using a pre-pandemic baseline scenario, we study the impact of several travel demand and public transport supply measures, focusing the analysis on waiting times and crowding conditions inside vehicles and platforms. As a result, we generate easy-to-analyze visual outputs that facilitate prioritizing actions at the metropolitan and district level, identifying where and when waiting times and crowding conditions would exceed certain thresholds.
- ItemA lightweight fiber-based approach to reduce the risk of concrete detachment in shotcrete fortified tunnels(2020) Ortiz, C.; Lillo Gallardo, Patricio Andrés; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAnalysis and comparison of two vegetative roof heat and mass transfer models in three different climates(2019) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Pinto, Camilo; Tabares Velasco, Paulo César; Molina, Germán; Flamant, Gilles; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Pianella, Andrea; Kincaid, Nicholas; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemCorrigendum to “A critical review of heat and mass transfer in vegetative roof models used in building energy and urban environment simulation tools” [Appl. Energy 232 (2018) 752–764] (Applied Energy (2018) 232 (752–764), (S0306261918313904), (10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.079))(2020) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Pinto Cuevas, Camilo Ignacio; CesarTabares Velasco, Paulo; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; CEDEUS (Chile)The authors regret “that Fig. 1 does not fully represent correct green roof practice now provided an updated figure”. [Figure presented] The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
- ItemDeveloping a very high-strength low-CO2 cementitious matrix based on a multi-binder approach for structural lightweight aggregate concrete(2020) Mena, J.; González, Marcelo; Remesar Lera, José Carlos; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemEconomic and Environmental Impact of Military Electrical Vehicle Conversion and Solar Electricity Production(2020) Pierre Simon, François; Roberts, C.; Girard, Aymeric; Ordoñez, Javier; Rossel, G.S.; CEDEUS (Chile)Military vehicles carry out defence and training functions; however, they also participate extensively in military operations apart from war, such as supporting citizens in emergency situations. Nonetheless, they continue to contribute to pollution, and carbon emissions in Chile have doubled in recent years. Thus, this study seeks a partial solution to this problem, extending the useful life of an archetypal military vehicle, i.e. AIL Storm internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), 4.0L gasoline, through its conversion into an electric vehicle (EV) using lithium-ion batteries. AIL Storm ICE emissions are compared with an equivalent EV conversion prototype, analysing the CO emissions of the EV charged from the Chilean electricity grid or from a solar photovoltaic charging station, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. This studied model obtains a travel cost of 0.04USD/km in the electric grid charge mode and 0.02USD/km in the Solar power station charge mode, affecting the environment with 155kgCO2 emissions per year of use. In the future, technologies to manufacture or assemble lithium batteries must be developed in the Chilean market. Given the availability of this mineral in Chile, this step would reduce costs and make electric mobility more attractive and affordable.
- ItemEnvironmental health risk perception: Adaptation of a population-based questionnaire from latin america(MDPI AG, 2021) Cortés Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Burgos, Soledad; Adaros, Héctor; Lucero, Boris; Quiróz-Alcalá, Lesliam; CEDEUS (Chile)BACKGROUND: Environmental risk assessments and interventions to mitigate environmental risks are essential to protect public health. While the objective measurement of environmental hazards is important, it is also critical to address the subjective perception of health risks. A population’s perception of environmental health hazards is a powerful driving force for action and engagement in safety and health behaviors and can also inform the development of effective and more sustainable environmental health policies. To date, no instruments are available to assess risk perception of environmental health hazards in South America even though there are many concerning issues in the region, including mining. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to adapt and validate an environmental health risk perception questionnaire in a Chilean population affected by mining activity among other risks frequently reported in Latin American countries and included the collection of information on trust on public information sources. METHODS: We adapted an Australian risk perception questionnaire for validation in an adult population from a Chilean mining community. This adaptation included two blinded translations (direct, inverse), a pre-test study (n = 20) and a review by environmental health experts. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was used to identify factors within major domains of interest. The Bartlett test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and the Cronbach α test were used to assess the instrument’s validity and reliability. The instrument was pilot tested in 205 adults from a mining community in Chañaral. RESULTS: The final adapted questionnaire proved to be a good instrument to measure risk perception in a community chronically exposed to mining waste. For community risks, four factors explained 59.4% of the variance. “Global Issues” (30.2%) included air pollution, contamination of mining, ozone layer depletion and vector diseases. For personal risks, the first two components explained 59.5% of the variance, the main factor (36.7%) was “unhealthy behaviors within the household”. For trust in information, the first factor (36.2%) included as main sources “Media and authorities”. The Cronbach α ranged between 0.68 and 0.75; and the KMO test between 0.7 to 0.79 for community and personal risks and trust. CONCLUSIONS: The final questionnaire is a simple, reliable and useful instrument that can assist in evaluating environmental health risk perceptions in Latin American countries.
- ItemExpansion of renewable energy in Chile: Analysis of the effects on employment(2021) Nasirov, Shahriyar; Girard, Aymeric; Peña, Cristobal; Salazar, Felipe; Pierre Simon, François; CEDEUS (Chile)Over the last few years, Chile has witnessed an extraordinary energy transformation that has turned the country into one of the largest renewable energy markets in South America. This study examines the impact of renewable energy (RE) technologies from the perspective of job creation opportunities in Chile. For this purpose, the study introduces an analytical assessment model that will be used to assess the direct impacts on employment generated by several policy scenarios aimed at reducing CO2 emissions. The direct impacts on employment in Chile were calculated up to 2026 according to three energy scenarios constructed using the SWITCH-Chile energy model. The empirical results show that RE technologies (solar PV, wind, hydro) can generate more employment per unit of energy than coal and natural gas. According to the scenario projecting the largest reduction of CO2 emissions, which features a dominant participation of renewable energies, up to 20,958 jobs can be created in the Chilean energy sector by 2026. The proposed model can be used to design energy programs as a direct stimulus of employment in the RE industry. Furthermore, policy recommendations are provided based on the results to effectively address changes in employment perspectives for the RE industry.
- ItemImpact of physical and physicochemical properties of supplementary cementitious materials on structural build-up of cement-based pastes(2020) Navarrete Leschot, Iván Ignacio; Kurama, Y.; Escalona, Néstor; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemImproved balance between compressive strength and thermal conductivity of insulating and structural lightweight concretes for low rise construction(2020) Remesar Lera, José Carlos; Simon, F.; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemMeasuring heterogeneous perception of urban space with massive data and machine learning: An application to safety(2021) Ramírez Sarmiento, Tomás Ignacio; Hurtubia, Ricardo; Löbel Díaz, Hans-Albert; Rossetti, T.; CEDEUS (Chile)Urban space safety Machine learning Heterogeneous perception Built environment In the last decade, large street imagery data sets and machine learning developments have allowed increasing scalability of methodologies to understand the effects of landscape attributes on the way they are perceived. However, these new methodologies have not incorporated individual heterogeneity in their analysis, even though differences by gender and other sociodemographic characteristics in the perception of safety and other aspects of landscapes and public spaces have been widely studied in social sciences and urban planning in lower scale studies. In the present study, we combine computational and statistical tools to develop a methodological proposal with high scalability and low implementation cost, which helps to identify and measure heterogeneous perception and its correlation to the presence of elements in the landscape. To achieve this, we implement a survey of perception of public spaces, collecting sociodemographic information of respondents. Then, we fit a discrete choice model to quantify perceptions of these spaces using a parametrization of images that jointly considers semantic segmentation and object detection as input. Our results show heterogeneity in the perception of safety in public spaces according to gender and the observer’s habitual mobility choices. The model is then applied to the city of Santiago, Chile. This produces a map of safety perception for different types of users. The proposed method and the obtained results can be a relevant input for the design of public spaces and decision making in the urban planning process.
- ItemMulti-layer casting of self-consolidating concrete: Influence of mortar rheology and casting parameters on the inter-layer bond strength(2021) Navarrete Leschot, Iván Ignacio; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; Kurama, Yahya; CEDEUS (Chile)Inter-layer bond strength is a critical factor to achieve structurally sound monolithic concrete structures. This paper discusses the effects of the cementitious paste volume (CP%vol), structural build-up of mortar (Athixm), and their interactions with casting parameters (i.e., free fall height (HFF), and delay time) on the residual bond strength of multi-layer self-consolidating concrete. It is found that the residual bond strength can be improved by increasing the CP%vol and HFF, or by reducing the delay time and Athixm. Out of the factors investigated, Athixm has the largest effect on both the residual bond strength and the critical delay time.
- ItemMulti-objective optimization to balance thermal comfort and energy use in a mining camp located in the Andes Mountains at high altitude(2020) Dietz, A.; Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Flamant, G.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemPartitioning of copper at the confluences of Andean rivers(2020) Montecinos Alarcón, Mauricio Alejandro; Coquery, M.; Alsina, M. A.; Bretier, M.; Gaillard, J. F.; Dabrin, A.; Pastén González, Pablo Arturo; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemREVIEW AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TIMBER BUILDING PRODUCTS' EMBODIED EMISSIONS USING FREE DATABASES(World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2023) Victorero Castaño, Felipe Andrés; Mendez, Daniela; Bascuñan, Felipe; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; CEDEUS (Chile)This paper aims to present a brief review of sources of information for studying the variability of embodied carbon emissions in structural wood products commonly used in construction. The review considered 13 primary sources, focused on EPDs and generic databases, and allowed the collection of data for the study of 140 products divided into Sawn lumber, Glulam, OSB, and Plywood. The information collected made it possible to identify factors such as the variability of density properties, wood species, the origin of the products, among others. In addition to analyzing the variations in the biogenic carbon of the different products studied. The results allow us to conclude that although the variability of wood products can be significant, like any product of natural origin, when they are studied within the framework of the analysis of the materials of a building, they can present a smaller fluctuation than other materials such as concrete. Moreover, this effect can be accentuated in wood products with greater density or have undergone processes that increase the mass of biogenic carbon per cubic meter in the final product.
- ItemThe effect of expansive agent and cooling rate in the performance of expanded glass lightweight aggregate as an internal curing agent(2020) Cuevas, K.; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemTowards a more accurate shrinkage modeling of lightweight and infra-lightweight concrete(2020) Labbe, S.; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemUnderstanding the effect of porosity on the mechanical and thermal performance of glass foam lightweight aggregates and the influence of production factors(2019) Arriagada, C.; Navarrete Leschot, Iván Ignacio; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)