Browsing by Author "Reyes Paecke, Sonia"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17
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    A comparative study of soil metal concentrations in Chilean urban parks using four pollution indexes
    (2022) Vega, Alejandra; Arce, Guillermo; Rivera, Javier I.; Acevedo, Sara E.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Bonilla, Carlos A.; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Toxic metal enrichment in urban soils from natural and anthropogenic sources is a public health concern thatchallenges sustainable urban development. Active and legacy mining is likely a major contributor of localizedmetal pollution in resource-based economies, although other sources associated with industrial and trans-portation activities may also contribute in urban settings. In mining countries, such as Chile, with no soil qualityregulation, public policies that seek to protect human health should assess metal distribution and pollution in-dexes to guide interventions, especially in urban green spaces. To assess the role of active and legacy miningwaste sites within the urban and peri-urban areas, metal concentrations in the soils of urban parks weremeasured in this study, and four pollution indexes were calculated for four cities of Chile. Copiap ́o and Andacolloin northern Chile represented the cities with several active and legacy mining waste sites located within theurban and peri-urban areas, while conurbation La Serena-Coquimbo and Gran Santiago represented the cities inmining districts that lacked major mining waste sites within their urban perimeters. A total of 82 (Copiap ́o), 30(Andacollo), 26 (La Serena-Coquimbo), and 59 (Gran Santiago) composite surface soil samples were collectedfrom the urban parks. Considering Canadian guidelines for residential/parkland soils, the value for Cu (63 mg/kg) was found to be exceeded in 99%, 50%, 100%, and 97% of samples collected from Copiap ́o, La Serena-Coquimbo, Andacollo, and Gran Santiago, respectively. The guidelines for lead (140 mg/kg) and zinc (250mg/kg) were exceeded in less than 12% of samples collected from Copiap ́o and Gran Santiago. Arsenic was notmainly quantified (<10% quantification frequency, quantification limit = 36 mg/kg). The calculated modifiedpollution load, Nemerow, and soil quality indexes indicated that soils in the urban parks were more polluted incities with urban mine wastes, however, the pollution load index ranked higher metal pollution in Gran Santiago.This study presented the first comparative study of metals in urban parks of Chile, highlighting a large proportionof parks with soil copper concentrations above the international guidelines, while showing higher median values in cities containing urban mine waste disposal sites.
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    Análisis del modelo de gestión participativa de la cuenca del Río Juan Díaz en la Ciudad de Panamá
    (2019) García Paredes Ramos, Marilyn; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    The accelerated growth and expansion of urban areas is characteristic of Latin American cities, however, it has become a concern and to develop an Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins is being promoted. The questions that guide the development of this research were generated particularly for Panama City, the municipalities of Panama and San Miguelito, specifically Juan Diaz Hydrographic river Basin, these are what are the main strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats in water management in the Juan Díaz Hydrographic river basin? And what are the enabling conditions to achieve concrete advances in the implementation of policies, strategies, and actions for the management in the Juan Díaz Hydrographic river basin? These responses required methodologically to work on a SWOT Analysis among different actors, (sector public, private, non-governmental organizations and users of water resources users), regarding what should be understood by Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins. The challenges found in an urban basin are discussed and suppose for a Participatory Management, which can serve for an hydrological planning, and an adequate Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins.
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    Comparing green spaces provision and accessibility indicators over a latitudinal gradient and multiple climate zones
    (ELSEVIER GMBH, 2023) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Truffello, Ricardo; De la Fuente, Helen E.; Salinas, Valentina; Villegas, Rodrigo A.; Steiniger, Stefan; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Monitoring urban green space (UGS) indicators is key to assessing progress against the UNs sustainable devel-opment goals (SDGs). Within these indicators, measuring the provision of UGS as well as its accessibility is considered a major objective. However, neither the relationship between the two indicators, nor differences related to different types of UGS have been adequately evaluated. In this paper, these two indicators are calculated and analyzed for four size-based types of UGS and for 69 municipalities, which are part of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. For the provision indicator, the average calculated over all municipalities does not reach the often proposed standard of 11 sq.m/inhab., but only 5.29 sq.m/inhab. Regarding the accessibility indicator, when a walking speed of 4 km/h is considered, the smaller residential green spaces have the highest accessibility (65 % of the population have access), but accessibility for larger GS is low. When a walking speed of 2 km/h is assumed, then accessibility drops to 29 %, 5 %, 5 % and 5 % respectively. We found that calculation results for the four types of UGS are statistically different, and therefore one type cannot replace another in case of monitoring: Higher UGS provision does not guarantee higher accessibility.
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    Conservation planning model for urban wetlands
    (2021) García Escudero, Benjamín Andrés; Molinos Senante, María; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
    Los humedales son uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados, sin embargo, al mismo tiempo suelen ser los más productivos en cuanto a entrega de servicios ecosistémicos en ciudades. La presente investigación propone el “Structured approach for urban wetland conservation planning” (SUWCP) como lineamientos estructurados para contribuir a la planificación de la conservación de humedales urbanos. La propuesta aborda las preguntas más críticas (por qué, quién, qué, dónde, cuándo y cómo) buscando mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones directamente relacionado con los humedales insertos en las ciudades chilenas en tiempos donde se deben tomar decisiones con incertidumbre, contextos cambiantes, múltiples actores y escasez de datos. Consecuentemente, con SWUCP los practicantes de la conservación en humedales urbanos pueden contar con una aproximación directa a la planificación de la conservación que considera los marcos y herramientas seleccionados disponibles a nivel nacional e internacional -buscando responder a los desafíos críticos de la conservación de humedales urbanos. Finalmente, una pequeña ciudad del sur con presencia seis humedales, una comunidad empoderada y practicantes de la conservación que trabajan para protegerlo se tomó como prueba de concepto para la aplicación de algunas de las sub-etapas de la metodología y directrices propuestas. Los resultados presentados esperan servir de ejemplo para desafíos más amplios para la práctica de la conservación de los países en vías desarrollo.
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    Do demographic and land-use changes contrast urban and suburban dynamics? A sophisticated reflection on Santiago de Chile
    (2013) Banzhaf, Ellen; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Müller, Annemarie; Kindler, Annegret
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    Exploring temporal dynamics of urban ecosystem services in Latin America: the case of Bogota (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile)
    (2018) Dobbs, Cynnamon; Hernandez-Moreno, A.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Miranda, Marcelo; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Greening at multiple scales promote biodiverse cities: A multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Villaseñor, Nélida R.; Truffello, Ricardo; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2021 Elsevier GmbHBiodiversity-sensitive cities can contribute to reconnect humans with nature and halt global biodiversity loss. Achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities is challenging, especially in regions threatened by growing urbanization. To inform urban management and planning in a global biodiversity hotspot, we conducted a multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds in the capital city of Santiago de Chile. We investigate the influence of local and landscape variables on native bird species richness and abundance. We surveyed birds and vegetation in 449 sampling points distributed across the city. Native bird species richness was greater in areas with greater shrub and woody vegetation cover at the local scale. Native bird species richness was also greater with high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape and near to an urban boundary. Native birds were abundant in areas with large woody vegetation cover at both local and landscape scales, high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape, near to an urban park and near to an urban boundary. Additive effects of vegetation at different spatial scales suggest that combining local and landscape management, planning and design will be best to preserve native birds in a large city. Although native birds are species rich and abundant near the urban fringe and decrease towards the interior of the city, local-scale management of habitat encouraging shrub and tree planting and landscape-scale actions such as targeting high levels of vegetation (including woody cover) and providing a well-distributed network of urban parks will help sustain native birds across the city. Greening actions at local and landscape-scale will contribute to achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities, providing benefits for people and nature.
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    Huertos escolares en establecimientos educacionales municipales de Santiago de Chile : biodiversidad de plantas e invertebrados, entorno y tipos de manejo
    (2020) Herrera O., María Sofía; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    Los huertos escolares son zonas cultivadas con hortalizas dentro de establecimientos educacionales, que están al menos parcialmente, bajo el cuidado de los alumnos. Aunque son espacios pequeños pueden ser refugios para la biodiversidad y pueden incluso actuar como trampolines para el flujo de especies dentro de las ciudades. Esta investigación busca analizar la riqueza de plantas e invertebrados de los huertos escolares y los factores que la promueven, considerando variables dentro del huerto, en el entorno del huerto y relacionadas al manejo del huerto. Se muestrearon 33 huertos de establecimientos educacionales municipales de Santiago de Chile. Se midió el área del huerto, se realizó un catastro de todas sus plantas vasculares (cultivadas y espontáneas), se registraron los invertebrados a través de un protocolo de identificación visual, se estimó las coberturas de suelo del huerto y de la matriz del huerto y se realizó una entrevista al encargado/a del huerto. Se registró un total de 362 especies de plantas y 127 morfoespecies de invertebrados. Los factores más influyentes en la riqueza de plantas resultaron ser el área del huerto, el porcentaje de cobertura cultivada y si el huerto contaba con riego en verano. Los factores más influyentes en la riqueza de invertebrados fueron el número de especies vegetales, la cobertura de suelo desnudo con una influencia negativa y en menor medida el riego en verano y la cobertura arbórea de la matriz del huerto. Concluimos que la biodiversidad de los huertos escolares de Santiago está más relacionada con factores ecológicos intrahuerto y de manejo que con factores ecológicos extrahuerto.
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    Indicators for green spaces in contrasting urban settings
    (2016) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Banzhaf, E.
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    Irrigation of green spaces and residential gardens in a Mediterranean metropolis : Gaps and opportunities for climate change adaptation
    (2019) Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Melo Contreras, Óscar; Vicuna, Sebastian; Herrera, Josefina; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    Monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: Análisis de los catastros de áreas verdes urbanas en el área metropolitana de Santiago, Chile
    (2019) Reyes Paecke, Sonia; De La Barrera Melgarejo, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Advances in urban development goals can be measured through indicator systems. The Chilean National Council for Urban Development (CNDU) has proposed a set of indicators to monitor the progress of Chilean cities towards the goals proposed by the National Urban Development Policy, incoporating issues associated to urban green spaces (UGS) in two areas of evaluation: Access to urban amenities, and urban environmental quality. This article aims to contribute to the analysis of the processes of information collection, data processing and construction of updated indicators of urban development in Chile by identifing the challenges posed by the implementation of a complex system of urban development monitoring. The study focuses on identifying, analyzing and comparing the UGS cadastres of the AMS generated by public institutions, to assess whether they can feed evidence-based design processes for public policy, and the development of a monitoring system of the advances in urban development. Analysis is based on the UGS cadastres carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago between 1992 and 2016 by identifying the responsible institutions, the sources of information and the data obtaining and validating methods. Results show that these cadastres are not comparable to each other, as they use different criteria for the UGS identification and classification, different data sources and collection methods. The fragmentation of decision-making regarding UGS generates inconsistent information, hindering the evaluation of public policy results. The effective implementation of the system of indicators proposed by the CNDU will require the generation of a solid, up-to-date and transparent information basis, prepared by relevant institutions, and validated by proper procedures.
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    People's perception influences on the use of green spaces in socioeconomically differentiated neighborhoods
    (2016) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Harris, Jordan; Bascuñán, Daniela; Farías, José Manuel
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    Planificación ecológica en Santiago de Chile. ¿Qué tan lejos estamos? Clasificación de iniciativas de planificación territorial basadas en una breve revisión bibliográfica
    (2017) Picon Meleda, María Catalina; De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Forray, Rosanna; Berrizbeitia, Anita
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    Policy statement coherence: A methodological proposal to assess environmental public policies applied to water in Chile
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd., 2014) Reyes Mendy, Francisca; Arriagada Cisternas, Rodrigo; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Tobar, Angela; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Research on analytical and assessment methods regarding environmental policies are scarce, despite the growing concern on environmental topics within governments and civil society. This proposal addresses such gap by offering a methodological tool used to elaborate, monitor and reformulate environmental policies. By using the theory of policy domains, we developed an analytical framework consisting of topics and objectives that build the environmental public policy domain, from which we assess its degree of coherence with the environmental regulatory response. This methodology, called policy statement coherence, will contribute towards the understanding of public policy formulation and implementation processes, an important methodological contribution in this field of research. This proposal revolves around the analysis of water policies in Chile. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Vegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment : Evidence from a semi-arid metropolis
    (2020) Steinfort Needham, Ursula Carla; Contreras, A.; Albornoz Farías, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Guilleminot, P.; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    What really matters in green infrastructure for the urban quality of life? Santiago de Chile as a showcase city
    (Springer Cham, 2018) Banzhaf, Ellen; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; De La Barrera Melgarejo, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The built, green and social environment express the situation of a city and, to a large extent, indicate the development of the urban area. These components of the urban environment have a strong impact on the quality of life of citizens. Along with the concepts of resource efficiency and resilience in cities, the quality of life forms one of the three pillars on which our research on urban transformations is grounded. We approach the concept of quality of life from the environmental perspective and understand the human well-being as an integral part of the broader concept of quality of life. In this study we focus on green infrastructure (GI) as an indication for quality of life research. Here, we measure the extent to which people can access GI as a service and profit from this infrastructure for health-related and social dimensions (Scottish Executive 2005; Bognar 2005). Rapid urbanisation processes accelerate land-use changes that mostly go along with extensive urban land consumption and involve population developments. Such multi-dimensional changes in urban land use and land-consumption patterns are very dynamic and widely ramified. They can evoke unsustainable structures that entangle social-spatial differentiations which are discussed in the context of urban growth and shrinkage processes (see Haase et al. in this volume, dealing with urban dynamics, Seto et al. 2011; Kabisch and Kuhlicke 2014). As land is a limited and contested resource, it demands for infrastructural provision and, particularly with respect to urban quality of life and a sustainable urban development, for the provision of green infrastructure.