Browsing by Author "Reyes Paecke, Sonia"
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- ItemA comparative study of soil metal concentrations in Chilean urban parks using four pollution indexes(2022) Vega, Alejandra; Arce, Guillermo; Rivera, Javier I.; Acevedo, Sara E.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Bonilla, Carlos A.; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo ArturoToxic metal enrichment in urban soils from natural and anthropogenic sources is a public health concern thatchallenges sustainable urban development. Active and legacy mining is likely a major contributor of localizedmetal pollution in resource-based economies, although other sources associated with industrial and trans-portation activities may also contribute in urban settings. In mining countries, such as Chile, with no soil qualityregulation, public policies that seek to protect human health should assess metal distribution and pollution in-dexes to guide interventions, especially in urban green spaces. To assess the role of active and legacy miningwaste sites within the urban and peri-urban areas, metal concentrations in the soils of urban parks weremeasured in this study, and four pollution indexes were calculated for four cities of Chile. Copiap ́o and Andacolloin northern Chile represented the cities with several active and legacy mining waste sites located within theurban and peri-urban areas, while conurbation La Serena-Coquimbo and Gran Santiago represented the cities inmining districts that lacked major mining waste sites within their urban perimeters. A total of 82 (Copiap ́o), 30(Andacollo), 26 (La Serena-Coquimbo), and 59 (Gran Santiago) composite surface soil samples were collectedfrom the urban parks. Considering Canadian guidelines for residential/parkland soils, the value for Cu (63 mg/kg) was found to be exceeded in 99%, 50%, 100%, and 97% of samples collected from Copiap ́o, La Serena-Coquimbo, Andacollo, and Gran Santiago, respectively. The guidelines for lead (140 mg/kg) and zinc (250mg/kg) were exceeded in less than 12% of samples collected from Copiap ́o and Gran Santiago. Arsenic was notmainly quantified (<10% quantification frequency, quantification limit = 36 mg/kg). The calculated modifiedpollution load, Nemerow, and soil quality indexes indicated that soils in the urban parks were more polluted incities with urban mine wastes, however, the pollution load index ranked higher metal pollution in Gran Santiago.This study presented the first comparative study of metals in urban parks of Chile, highlighting a large proportionof parks with soil copper concentrations above the international guidelines, while showing higher median values in cities containing urban mine waste disposal sites.
- ItemAnálisis del modelo de gestión participativa de la cuenca del Río Juan Díaz en la Ciudad de Panamá(2019) García Paredes Ramos, Marilyn; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalThe accelerated growth and expansion of urban areas is characteristic of Latin American cities, however, it has become a concern and to develop an Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins is being promoted. The questions that guide the development of this research were generated particularly for Panama City, the municipalities of Panama and San Miguelito, specifically Juan Diaz Hydrographic river Basin, these are what are the main strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats in water management in the Juan Díaz Hydrographic river basin? And what are the enabling conditions to achieve concrete advances in the implementation of policies, strategies, and actions for the management in the Juan Díaz Hydrographic river basin? These responses required methodologically to work on a SWOT Analysis among different actors, (sector public, private, non-governmental organizations and users of water resources users), regarding what should be understood by Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins. The challenges found in an urban basin are discussed and suppose for a Participatory Management, which can serve for an hydrological planning, and an adequate Integrated Management of Urban Hydrographic Basins.
- ItemComparing green spaces provision and accessibility indicators over a latitudinal gradient and multiple climate zones(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2023) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Truffello, Ricardo; De la Fuente, Helen E.; Salinas, Valentina; Villegas, Rodrigo A.; Steiniger, StefanMonitoring urban green space (UGS) indicators is key to assessing progress against the UNs sustainable devel-opment goals (SDGs). Within these indicators, measuring the provision of UGS as well as its accessibility is considered a major objective. However, neither the relationship between the two indicators, nor differences related to different types of UGS have been adequately evaluated. In this paper, these two indicators are calculated and analyzed for four size-based types of UGS and for 69 municipalities, which are part of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. For the provision indicator, the average calculated over all municipalities does not reach the often proposed standard of 11 sq.m/inhab., but only 5.29 sq.m/inhab. Regarding the accessibility indicator, when a walking speed of 4 km/h is considered, the smaller residential green spaces have the highest accessibility (65 % of the population have access), but accessibility for larger GS is low. When a walking speed of 2 km/h is assumed, then accessibility drops to 29 %, 5 %, 5 % and 5 % respectively. We found that calculation results for the four types of UGS are statistically different, and therefore one type cannot replace another in case of monitoring: Higher UGS provision does not guarantee higher accessibility.
- ItemConservation planning model for urban wetlands(2021) García Escudero, Benjamín Andrés; Molinos Senante, María; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de IngenieríaLos humedales son uno de los ecosistemas más amenazados, sin embargo, al mismo tiempo suelen ser los más productivos en cuanto a entrega de servicios ecosistémicos en ciudades. La presente investigación propone el “Structured approach for urban wetland conservation planning” (SUWCP) como lineamientos estructurados para contribuir a la planificación de la conservación de humedales urbanos. La propuesta aborda las preguntas más críticas (por qué, quién, qué, dónde, cuándo y cómo) buscando mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones directamente relacionado con los humedales insertos en las ciudades chilenas en tiempos donde se deben tomar decisiones con incertidumbre, contextos cambiantes, múltiples actores y escasez de datos. Consecuentemente, con SWUCP los practicantes de la conservación en humedales urbanos pueden contar con una aproximación directa a la planificación de la conservación que considera los marcos y herramientas seleccionados disponibles a nivel nacional e internacional -buscando responder a los desafíos críticos de la conservación de humedales urbanos. Finalmente, una pequeña ciudad del sur con presencia seis humedales, una comunidad empoderada y practicantes de la conservación que trabajan para protegerlo se tomó como prueba de concepto para la aplicación de algunas de las sub-etapas de la metodología y directrices propuestas. Los resultados presentados esperan servir de ejemplo para desafíos más amplios para la práctica de la conservación de los países en vías desarrollo.
- ItemDistribución, superficie y accesibilidad de las áreas verdes en Santiago de Chile.(2010) Reyes Paecke, Sonia
- ItemDo demographic and land-use changes contrast urban and suburban dynamics? A sophisticated reflection on Santiago de Chile(2013) Banzhaf, Ellen; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Müller, Annemarie; Kindler, Annegret
- ItemExploring temporal dynamics of urban ecosystem services in Latin America: the case of Bogota (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile)(2018) Dobbs, Cynnamon; Hernandez-Moreno, A.; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Miranda, Marcelo
- ItemGreening at multiple scales promote biodiverse cities: A multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Villaseñor, Nélida R.; Truffello, Ricardo; Reyes Paecke, Sonia© 2021 Elsevier GmbHBiodiversity-sensitive cities can contribute to reconnect humans with nature and halt global biodiversity loss. Achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities is challenging, especially in regions threatened by growing urbanization. To inform urban management and planning in a global biodiversity hotspot, we conducted a multi-scale assessment of drivers of Neotropical birds in the capital city of Santiago de Chile. We investigate the influence of local and landscape variables on native bird species richness and abundance. We surveyed birds and vegetation in 449 sampling points distributed across the city. Native bird species richness was greater in areas with greater shrub and woody vegetation cover at the local scale. Native bird species richness was also greater with high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape and near to an urban boundary. Native birds were abundant in areas with large woody vegetation cover at both local and landscape scales, high vegetation density in the surrounding landscape, near to an urban park and near to an urban boundary. Additive effects of vegetation at different spatial scales suggest that combining local and landscape management, planning and design will be best to preserve native birds in a large city. Although native birds are species rich and abundant near the urban fringe and decrease towards the interior of the city, local-scale management of habitat encouraging shrub and tree planting and landscape-scale actions such as targeting high levels of vegetation (including woody cover) and providing a well-distributed network of urban parks will help sustain native birds across the city. Greening actions at local and landscape-scale will contribute to achieving biodiversity-sensitive cities, providing benefits for people and nature.
- ItemHuertos escolares en establecimientos educacionales municipales de Santiago de Chile : biodiversidad de plantas e invertebrados, entorno y tipos de manejo(2020) Herrera O., María Sofía; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalLos huertos escolares son zonas cultivadas con hortalizas dentro de establecimientos educacionales, que están al menos parcialmente, bajo el cuidado de los alumnos. Aunque son espacios pequeños pueden ser refugios para la biodiversidad y pueden incluso actuar como trampolines para el flujo de especies dentro de las ciudades. Esta investigación busca analizar la riqueza de plantas e invertebrados de los huertos escolares y los factores que la promueven, considerando variables dentro del huerto, en el entorno del huerto y relacionadas al manejo del huerto. Se muestrearon 33 huertos de establecimientos educacionales municipales de Santiago de Chile. Se midió el área del huerto, se realizó un catastro de todas sus plantas vasculares (cultivadas y espontáneas), se registraron los invertebrados a través de un protocolo de identificación visual, se estimó las coberturas de suelo del huerto y de la matriz del huerto y se realizó una entrevista al encargado/a del huerto. Se registró un total de 362 especies de plantas y 127 morfoespecies de invertebrados. Los factores más influyentes en la riqueza de plantas resultaron ser el área del huerto, el porcentaje de cobertura cultivada y si el huerto contaba con riego en verano. Los factores más influyentes en la riqueza de invertebrados fueron el número de especies vegetales, la cobertura de suelo desnudo con una influencia negativa y en menor medida el riego en verano y la cobertura arbórea de la matriz del huerto. Concluimos que la biodiversidad de los huertos escolares de Santiago está más relacionada con factores ecológicos intrahuerto y de manejo que con factores ecológicos extrahuerto.
- ItemIndicators for green spaces in contrasting urban settings(2016) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Banzhaf, E.
- ItemIrrigation of green spaces and residential gardens in a Mediterranean metropolis : Gaps and opportunities for climate change adaptation(2019) Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Melo Contreras, Óscar; Vicuna, Sebastian; Herrera, Josefina
- ItemPeople's perception influences on the use of green spaces in socioeconomically differentiated neighborhoods(2016) De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Harris, Jordan; Bascuñán, Daniela; Farías, José Manuel
- ItemPlanificación ecológica en Santiago de Chile. ¿Qué tan lejos estamos? Clasificación de iniciativas de planificación territorial basadas en una breve revisión bibliográfica(2017) Picon Meleda, María Catalina; De la Barrera, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Forray, Rosanna; Berrizbeitia, Anita
- ItemVegetation survival and condition in public green spaces after their establishment : Evidence from a semi-arid metropolis(2020) Steinfort Needham, Ursula Carla; Contreras, A.; Albornoz Farías, Francisco; Reyes Paecke, Sonia; Guilleminot, P.