Browsing by Author "Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    A Comparison of Energy Efficiency Certification in Housing: A Study of the Chilean and Spanish Cases
    (2019) Sanhueza Durán, Francisco; Gómez Soberón, José M.; Valderrama Ulloa, Claudia; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    Faced with implementing policies that seek to improve the energy efficiency of housing and reduce the impact of CO2 emissions, several countries are introducing (unilaterally or by international agreement) energy certification systems that allow the effects of these policies to be evaluated. This study aims to compare the energy efficiency certification systems in Spain and Chile, identifying convergent and divergent parameters, enabling the existing gaps to be identified and improvements noted for both systems. To do so, 20 sample dwellings in Santiago de Chile were evaluated, along with the local calculating tools in both countries. The analysis considered the aspects of regulation, its reach, the characterization of the models and the necessary indicators. The comparison identified, among others, differences such as obligatory implementation of the system, a study of the existing buildings in the focus area, the prevailing indicators for evaluating the effects of the buildings, the low incidence of mixed energy systems in the Chilean system and the possibility of proposing and evaluating improvements in the Spanish system. As a result, higher energy requirements and greater CO2 emissions were identified in the Chilean system, reaching differences of 42 kWh/m2/year in consumption and 14 kgCO2/ m2/year in emissions with regard to the Spanish qualification. The results of this comparison have facilitated the identification of improvements that will increase the evaluation standards of the Chilean system.
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    Circular economy in the built environment: A systematic literature review and definition of the circular construction concept
    (2023) Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Salinas Gutiérrez, Carlos Alfonso; Hernández López, Héctor Enrique
    The Circular Economy (CE) has become increasingly important across various industries. It challenges the traditional take-make-dispose approach and aims to maximize economic value while reducing waste. However, the construction industry is still in the early stages of adopting this concept, and a clear and unified definition is needed for Circular Construction (CC) in the built environment. Without a comprehensive understanding, the CE principles and practices may be misapplied, leading to inefficiencies. To address this, a Systematic Literature Review of 316 publications was conducted to bridge knowledge gaps and to propose a definition for CC. The study identified five clusters of conceptual affinities and nine attributes that contributed to the CC definition. The results suggest that the CC concept is mainly related to the conceptual affinities of Construction and Demolition Waste Management (CDWM) and the “R" strategies, that the environment is prioritized over economic and social aspects, and that CC research focuses on building over other infrastructures, especially on aspects of building disassembly and reversibility. Still, despite these advances, most research lacks a holistic view of the application of the concept. Practitioners looking to promote cleaner construction practices can benefit from this study’s valuable insights, helping to guide decision-making and prevent the misuse of the circular economy concept in the built environment.
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    Constructive standards for adapted thermal performance of educational buildings in Chile
    (2012) Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Veas Pérez, Leonardo; Herde, André de
    in the last years, there has been growing concerns on the impact of the conditions of comfort, on the performance of the students in educational buildings. Research has provided evidence that when the quality of indoor environment increases, there are positive impacts on productivity and reducing of absenteeism, among others benefits for the students and teachers. The quality of indoor environment depends, to a great extent, on the thermal behavior of the building. This behavior is determined, in turn, by the constructive characteristics. However, there is a lack of Chilean regulations to determine how more than 12,000 educational buildings should perform with regards to constructive characteristics in order to guarantee suitable quality indoor environment and comfort to their users. This study is based on the measurements performed, during winter and summer, to a school located in the Chilean Patagonia. At this school, the U-value and the air infiltrations of the envelope were experimentally measured. The thermal comfort was measured, according to the methodology proposed by Fanger. With this data, the theoretical energy consumption necessary to reach suitable levels of comfort were determined by means of a simplified method. Later, using the simplified method the power consumption, in other 3 climatic zones of the country was determined. The work concludes with recommendations of minimum standards for the educational dwellings with regards to their constructive characteristics which guarantee a suitable comfort of their users for the 4 climatic zones of Chile.
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    Economic assessment of the construction waste of a highrise building: A case study
    (2019) Bravo Baeza, Jorge Esteban; Valderrama Ulloa, Claudia Alejandra; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    This article presents a study of economic assessment and classification of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in a high-rise building project located in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile Chile generates over five and half million tons of CDW per year and affect the environment in multiple ways. Likewise, the CDW are also a symptom of productivity problems. An adequate management of waste requires an assessment of it. However, there is limited literature related to the assessment of waste volumes and their economic impact (generation, transport and final disposal). It is found that the estimated waste generated per constructed area reached 0,186 m 3 /m 2 for this study case with a total cost of 188.234,44 US$ that corresponds to 1.19% of the project budget. Likewise, the costs per volume of waste was 75,47 US$/m 3 © 2019 Centro de Informacion Tecnologica.
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    Estrategias del diseño circular en la construcción de viviendas en Chile : estudio de viviendas en lotes 9x18 en Santiago de Chile
    (2022) Rücker, Moritz; Alençon Castrillón, Renato d'; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Arquitectura
    La tesis de magíster Estrategias del diseño circular de la construcción de viviendas en Chile trata de una investigación de tipologías de viviendas cuantitativamente relevantes para reducir los residuos de la construcción a través del diseño, cuyo aprendizaje se incorpora en un proyecto arquitectónico. Los casos de estudio elegidos son las viviendas en lotes 9x18 en Santiago de Chile que a lo largo del tiempo se han construido desde 1960 de manera autoconstruida, y, a partir de los años 80 hasta hoy, por empresas constructoras. Mientras el caso autoconstruido se destaca por 200.000 viviendas ubicadas en Santiago de Chile, las viviendas comerciales representan las tipologías de viviendas más construidas en Chile de acuerdo con datos del censo, de las cuales cuatro de los ocho diseños tienen un lote cerca de 9x18 metros. La metodología de la investigación se compone de una matriz de seis circular design qualities (Galle 2019) y las capas del edificio, los 7S' (Arup 2016). De esa manera, cada celda se genera por una cualidad específica del diseño, relacionado a una capa de un tiempo de vida útil asignado. Del caso de viviendas comerciales se identificaron varios potenciales del diseño circular asociado a características de su construcción, mientras en las viviendas autoconstruidas se reveló un proceso de crecimiento del grupo de habitantes y el hogar en diferentes etapas. El proyecto se desarrolla a base de los seis factores de la metodología. Además, de los factores de escala urbana y programa arquitectónica se adaptó la vivienda como un proceso, cual se puede encontrar en el caso autoconstruido en diferentes etapas de ampliaciones. Este proceso se trata de simular en cuatro etapas: El lote con infraestructura básica, la vivienda inicial y dos etapas de crecimiento, hasta la altura de cuatro pisos con programas agregados en el primer piso, como negocios. El acceso vertical se encuentra afuera de las unidades de viviendas que permite compartir el lote entre diferentes familias. Tomando en cuenta los casos de la investigación, se propone dos variantes del proyecto: Un modelo de vivienda auto construible de materiales livianos con una casa inicial pequeña y un otro que parte con dos unidades en el primer y tercer piso, instalado por una empresa constructora con los materiales estándares en el mercado de viviendas de Santiago como ladrillos y hormigón. Para tener una alta compatibilidad durante el proceso, se propone tipos de módulos con diferentes usos que en complementación generan la vivienda completa. Considerando el orden de la vida útil según las capas constructivas, las instalaciones y el revestimiento interior cuentan con la mayor accesibilidad en la construcción. Pensando la vivienda como un proceso de construcción relacionado a la situación de los habitantes, se vincula la economía circular con el crecimiento de la familia.
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    Evolución de los criterios de intervención utilizados en los monumentos nacionales de Santiago de Chile
    (2008) Prado García, Francisco Javier; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    El presente documento busca analizar de manera científica la evolución de los criterios de intervención en los Monumentos Nacionales de Santiago de Chile con el objetivo de saber dónde se encuentra esta disciplina y cómo se llegó al actual estado en lo que respecta a restauración e intervención patrimonial. Para ello, y a modo de garantizar la objetividad del trabajo, la información utilizada corresponde a una recopilación de fuentes oficiales; de esta manera, se ha generado una base de datos de los edificios declarados Monumento por el Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile siendo los ejes centrales de dicha información el libro “Monumentos Nacionales de Chile” y los sitios web de instituciones relacionadas al ámbito de la investigación. Una vez determinados los inmuebles a estudiar se procedió a incorporar la información oficial en el software ArcView 3.21 referenciándolos geográficamente sobre un plano actualizado de la ciudad de Santiago, para luego representar gráficamente la evolución del crecimiento cronológico de Santiago tomando como base los años 1650, 1750, 1825, 1840, 1875, 1890, 1925, 1960 y 1975. Con los monumentos georreferenciados y la visualización del crecimiento cronológico de Santiago se procedió a estudiar tanto las materialidades de los inmuebles como los procesos de intervención que se llevaron a cabo en estos. Concluyendo que, a nivel mundial, la teoría privilegia la sustentabilidad de las intervenciones del tipo restauración. Sin embargo dichas intervenciones en Chile aún no consideran como fundamental este punto, incluso se puede apreciar que en el transcurso del tiempo Chile lleva un atraso medio de 30 años en la aplicación de los criterios de restauración con respecto a las teorías de vanguardia mundial en dicha área.
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    Exigencias europeas para infiltraciones de aire: lecciones para Chile
    (2012) Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Herde, André de; Veas Pérez, Leonardo
    Los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea se han comprometido a reducir para el 2020 el consumo de energía primaria en un 20%. Dado que el consumo de energía en los edificios residenciales y comerciales representa aproximadamente un 40% del consumo total de energía final, se han definido una serie de políticas de Eficiencia Energética que mejoren el desempeño energético de las viviendas a modo de contribuir con el objetivo planteado. Una de las principales diferencias de estas políticas con la Reglamentación Térmica chilena radica en que esta última no considera las pérdidas térmicas por infiltraciones de aire, las cuales pueden mermar o anular cualquier avance que generen los actuales requerimientos nacionales. El presente estudio revisa los estándares de 14 países europeos en lo que respecta a limitación de las pérdidas por infiltraciones de aire, discutiendo su sistema de evaluación, unidades de medida y valor a modo de obtener lecciones para una futura consideración de este tipo de pérdidas en la actual Reglamentación Térmica chilena.
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    Impact of climate change on the energy needs of houses in Chile
    (2019) Rouault Fabien, Guillaume Henri Roger; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; González Levín, Paulina Rocío; Meza, Francisco Javier
    Global warming will affect the heating and cooling energy demands of houses. Thus, it is necessary to measure this impact in different areas of a country to influence future public policies, guidelines, and regulations. This paper proposes to forecast the energy demand for five house archetypes located in eight cities in Chile. These archetypes are thermally insulated according to current regulatory standards given by the country. They were simulated using the simplified hourly model from the international standards ISO 13790, considering climatic conditions between 1990 and 2010 and projected climatic conditions between 2045 and 2054. Three climatology models: a) Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC-ESM), b) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate System Model 5 (IPSL-CM5A), and c) Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) in the context of two representative concentration pathways: 4.5 and 8.5 W/m(2) are used to forecast future climate. The most significant results show that energy demand for heating could decrease by 35% on average while cooling energy demand could significantly increase for cities such as Antofagasta and Santiago.
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    On the applicability of meta-analysis to evaluate airtightness performance of building components
    (2021) Prignon, Martin; Altomonte, Sergio; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Dawans, Arnaud; Van Moeseke, Geoffrey
    The scientific literature lacks comprehensive and updated information regarding the airtightness of building components, this hindering the development and improvement of models for a robust prediction of their performance. To fill this gap, this paper presents a meta-analysis conducted on literature studies reporting laboratory and in-situ measurements of airtightness for various building components. Meta-analysis is a powerful methodological tool to compare and combine data from previous research, even when they have inherent differences. The results of the meta-analysis allowed to attain three outcomes: a classification of building components related to their airtightness performance; the update and improvement of existing databases of building component airtightness; and, the identification of factors specifically influencing airtightness performances of windows. In addition, the critical appraisal of the findings led to the definition of the requirements for future studies reporting measurements of airtightness of building components. This study offers a step ahead from existing knowledge by improving existing databases and by proposing a methodological framework of analysis that can be extended to several other domains of the built environment.
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    Sistema de gestión ambiental al proceso constructivo : caso de estudio Empresa Sencorp
    (2020) Delgado, Agustín; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Construcción Civil
    La industria de la construcción tiene múltiples impactos que se dan en la etapa de construcción, debido a las faenas que se realizan para poder materializar los proyectos, en donde se encuentran problemas como contaminación por ruido, contaminación atmosférica, desechos sólidos y líquidos, contaminación del agua, gases dañinos y polvo, para lo cual cada proyecto debe responder a estos impactos cumpliendo normativas ambientales. Adicional al cumplimiento mínimo a realizar por normativa nacional, un proyecto puede tener condiciones de reducción de impacto dado por su envergadura o emplazamiento, el cual debe pasar por una revisión en Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental (SEIA) donde debe hacer una descripción detallada de las obras, presentando las formas o vías de cumplimiento voluntaria u obligatoriamente. Otra forma en la cual una empresa puede obtener reconocimiento por mejoras ambientales en las faenas es mediante la implementación de planes de gestión para Certificaciones LEED o para acreditarse en Sistemas de Gestión regulados en la normativa ISO 14.001. En este estudio se presenta un análisis de estrategias ambientales respecto a diversos documentos técnicos que dan directrices e indicaciones para llevar un buen manejo ambiental en las obras de construcción, para después presentar como resultado un Plan de Gestión Ambiental de Obras basado en la Herramienta de Gestión Ambiental EcoManagement and Audit Scheme utilizada por miembros de la Unión Europea. Este plan indicará una serie de pasos y procedimientos para la empresa constructora a modo de poder evaluar e implementar en las obras. El resultado que se espera con la presentación de este estudio a la empresa interesada es que puedan establecer un Plan de Gestión Ambiental de Obras integrado a su Sistema de Gestión Integrada, adicional a los temas de Calidad y Seguridad de la empresa, para establecer procedimientos e indicadores que sea aplicable a toda obra de construcción actual y futura, ya sea que deba tener involucramiento en el Servicio de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental o no.
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    Using blogs as a skill development tool for construction management students
    (2010) Latorre Benavides, M. Verónica; Riley, Michael J.; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    Information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer a growing range of teaching and learning tools. This paper explores the use of blogging as a means of achieving a greater understanding of teaching and learning, and the impact ICTs can have on professional practice. This research has been developed with a group of final year construction management students, and is presented here in two stages. The first stage enabled the cohort to explore the scope of blogging as a tool for learning through reflection, and the second stage was designed to measure the impact this blogging forum had in facilitating the development of skills, particularly those in high demand by the construction industry. This study identifies which interventions are perceived as most relevant by the cohort as a means of developing skills. Results also indicate that the blogging platform format influences the impact blogging may produce. Collected data shows that undergraduate students perceive they improve their critical, analytical and communicational skills; however they don't perceive they have learned or that better prepares them for professional practice. Students conceive blogging as having potential far beyond the objectives of the curricula.
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    Willingness to pay for construction and demolition waste from buildings in Chile
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2022) Veliz, K. D.; Ramírez Rodríguez, G.; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    In order to encourage increased rates in respect of sorting, recycling and the diversion of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), the world's more advanced economies have developed innovative new technologies and studies to improve the creation of sustainable societies. To achieve this, it is important to dedicate greater efforts to the elaboration of tariff schemes and studies to determine society's disposition to improve the management of C&DW. This study analyzes willingness of construction companies in Chile to pay (WTP) to improve the C&DW management, through the contingent valuation method (CVM). This aims to provide analytical background and market information to circular business models and, in turn, provide information which can be used to define public policies governing the subject, as a contribution to future regulatory developments. The Chilean construction industry was surveyed and a total of 57 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the average WTP for inert C&DW, non-inert C&DW, mixed C&DW with a greater quantity of inert waste and mixed C&DW with a greater quantity of non-inert waste was 8.77 (US $/ton), 7.73 (US $/ton), 7.98 (US $/ton) and 8.22 (US $/ton), respectively. Additionally, the cost of waste removal and disposal had an average value of 9.68 (US $/ton). Through multiple regression analysis, it was discovered that the variables related to knowledge about circular economy, state actions, management of C&DW and productivity have a significant effect on WTP. These results provide new evidence for the development of appropriate public policies to address the problem of C&DW and improve management in Chile.
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    Willingness to pay for construction and demolition waste from buildings in Chile
    (Wiley, 2022) Veliz, K. D.; Ramírez Rodríguez, G.; Ossio Castillo, Felipe Antonio
    In order to encourage increased rates in respect of sorting, recycling and the diversion of construction and demolition waste (C&DW), the world's more advanced economies have developed innovative new technologies and studies to improve the creation of sustainable societies. To achieve this, it is important to dedicate greater efforts to the elaboration of tariff schemes and studies to determine society's disposition to improve the management of C&DW. This study analyzes willingness of construction companies in Chile to pay (WTP) to improve the C&DW management, through the contingent valuation method (CVM). This aims to provide analytical background and market information to circular business models and, in turn, provide information which can be used to define public policies governing the subject, as a contribution to future regulatory developments. The Chilean construction industry was surveyed and a total of 57 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the average WTP for inert C&DW, non-inert C&DW, mixed C&DW with a greater quantity of inert waste and mixed C&DW with a greater quantity of non-inert waste was 8.77 (US $/ton), 7.73 (US $/ton), 7.98 (US $/ton) and 8.22 (US $/ton), respectively. Additionally, the cost of waste removal and disposal had an average value of 9.68 (US $/ton). Through multiple regression analysis, it was discovered that the variables related to knowledge about circular economy, state actions, management of C&DW and productivity have a significant effect on WTP. These results provide new evidence for the development of appropriate public policies to address the problem of C&DW and improve management in Chile.