Browsing by Author "González Rial, Ramiro Germán"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Alteración del concepto de etnicidad desde la experiencia de las tejedoras mapuche del sur de Chile
    (2015) González Rial, Ramiro Germán; Haye M., Andrés
    El caso de tejedoras mapuche de la IX Región de Chile nos permite reconsiderar los fenómenos de identidad cultural y etnicidad a la luz de las tensiones y procesos de subjetividad que median la construcción de memoria cultural. Se analiza tanto un escenario microgenético de los trabajos de identidad – como un escenario macrogenético, donde los procesos identitarios, las técnicas comerciales y religiosas del contexto mapuche se relacionan entre sí en permanente transmutación. Se discute el concepto de etnicidad con el fin de contribuir a ahondar en un fenómeno que está lejos de manifestarse como simple homogeneidad. Se realiza una discusión dando cuenta de la multiplicidad de tomas de posición en la experiencia de las tejedoras, enfatizando una mirada a la etnicidad como un proceso en permanente devenir, donde la memoria social del grupo reconduce una selección interesada de tradiciones orientando la construcción de una identidad potencial de cara al porvenir.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Contextual blending of ingroup/outgroup face stimuli and word valence : LPP modulation and convergence of measures
    (2009) Hurtado León, Esteban Andrés; Haye M., Andrés; González Rial, Ramiro Germán; Manes, Facundo; Ibáñez, Agustín
    Abstract Background Several event related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the time course of different aspects of evaluative processing in social bias research. Various reports suggest that the late positive potential (LPP) is modulated by basic evaluative processes, and some reports suggest that in-/outgroup relative position affects ERP responses. In order to study possible LPP blending between facial race processing and semantic valence (positive or negative words), we recorded ERPs while indigenous and non-indigenous participants who were matched by age and gender performed an implicit association test (IAT). The task involved categorizing faces (ingroup and outgroup) and words (positive and negative). Since our paradigm implies an evaluative task with positive and negative valence association, a frontal distribution of LPPs similar to that found in previous reports was expected. At the same time, we predicted that LPP valence lateralization would be modulated not only by positive/negative associations but also by particular combinations of valence, face stimuli and participant relative position. Results Results showed that, during an IAT, indigenous participants with greater behavioral ingroup bias displayed a frontal LPP that was modulated in terms of complex contextual associations involving ethnic group and valence. The LPP was lateralized to the right for negative valence stimuli and to the left for positive valence stimuli. This valence lateralization was influenced by the combination of valence and membership type relevant to compatibility with prejudice toward a minority. Behavioral data from the IAT and an explicit attitudes questionnaire were used to clarify this finding and showed that ingroup bias plays an important role. Both ingroup favoritism and indigenous/non-indigenous differences were consistently present in the data. Conclusion Our results suggest that frontal LPP is elicited by contextual blending of evaluative judgments of in-/outgroup information and positive vs. negative valence association and confirm recent research relating in-/outgroup ERP modulation and frontal LPP. LPP modulation may cohere with implicit measures of attitudes. The convergence of measures that were observed supports the idea that racial and valence evaluations are strongly influenced by context. This result adds to a growing set of evidence concerning contextual sensitivity of different measures of prejudice.Abstract Background Several event related potential (ERP) studies have investigated the time course of different aspects of evaluative processing in social bias research. Various reports suggest that the late positive potential (LPP) is modulated by basic evaluative processes, and some reports suggest that in-/outgroup relative position affects ERP responses. In order to study possible LPP blending between facial race processing and semantic valence (positive or negative words), we recorded ERPs while indigenous and non-indigenous participants who were matched by age and gender performed an implicit association test (IAT). The task involved categorizing faces (ingroup and outgroup) and words (positive and negative). Since our paradigm implies an evaluative task with positive and negative valence association, a frontal distribution of LPPs similar to that found in previous reports was expected. At the same time, we predicted that LPP valence lateralization would be modulated not only by positive/negative associations but also by particular combinations of valence, face stimuli and participant relative position. Results Results showed that, during an IAT, indigenous participants with greater behavioral ingroup bias displayed a frontal LPP that was modulated in terms of complex contextual associations involving ethnic group and valence. The LPP was lateralized to the right for negative valence stimuli and to the left for positive valence stimuli. This valence lateralization was influenced by the combination of valence and membership type relevant to compatibility with prejudice toward a minority. Behavioral data from the IAT and an explicit attitudes questionnaire were used to clarify this finding and showed that ingroup bias plays an important role. Both ingroup favoritism and indigenous/non-indigenous differences were consistently present in the data. Conclusion Our results suggest that frontal LPP is elicited by contextual blending of evaluative judgments of in-/outgroup information and positive vs. negative valence association and confirm recent research relating in-/outgroup ERP modulation and frontal LPP. LPP modulation may cohere with implicit measures of attitudes. The convergence of measures that were observed supports the idea that racial and valence evaluations are strongly influenced by context. This result adds to a growing set of evidence concerning contextual sensitivity of different measures of prejudice.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Multi-level analysis of cultural phenomena: The role of ERPs approach to prejudice
    (2009) Ibáñez, Agustín; Haye M., Andrés; González Rial, Ramiro Germán; Hurtado León, Esteban Andrés; Henríquez-Ch, Rodrigo A.
    Brain processes and social processes are not as separated as many of our Social Psychology and Neuroscience departments. This paper discusses the potential contribution of social neuroscience to the development of a multi-level, dynamic, and context-sensitive approach to prejudice. Specifically, the authors review research on event related potentials during social bias, stereotypes, and social attitudes measurements, showing that electrophysiological methods are powerful tools for analyzing the temporal fine-dynamics of psychological processes involved in implicit and explicit prejudice. Meta-theoretical implications are drawn regarding the social psychological modeling of social attitudes, and for the integration of social neuroscience into a multi-level account of cultural behavior.