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Browsing by Author "Cumsille, Patricio"

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Adolescent temperament and parental control in the development of the adolescent decision making in a Chilean sample
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2012) Carola Perez, J.; Cumsille, Patricio
The study analyzes the way in which adolescents' temperamental characteristics interact with parental control to shape adolescent decision making development. A sample of high-school Chilean adolescents (N = 391) answered a self-report questionnaire that included measures of behavioral autonomy (the extent to which adolescents make decisions in personal and prudential domains), parental behavioral and psychological control, and temperamental characteristics. A path analysis model indicated that adolescents' anger-frustration had a direct association with decision-making in the personal and prudential domains; fearfulness had an inverse association with adolescent decision-making, but only in the prudential domain. Perceived psychological control was associated with adolescents' reduced decision-making autonomy in the personal domain, while perceived behavioral control was associated with less adolescent autonomy in both personal and prudential domains. Additionally, a moderation effect was found such that the association of parental behavioral control on decision-making in the prudential domain was dependent on the adolescent fearfulness level. (C) 2011 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Adolescents' as active agents in the socialization process: Legitimacy of parental authority and obligation to obey as predictors of obedience
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2007) Darling, Nancy; Cumsille, Patricio; Loreto Martinez, M.
Adolescents' agreement with parental standards and beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to obey were used to predict adolescents' obedience, controlling for parental monitoring, rules, and rule enforcement. Hierarchical linear models were used to predict both between-adolescent and within-adolescent, issue-specific differences in obedience in a sample of 703 Chilean adolescents (M age = 15.0 years). Adolescents' global agreement with parents and global beliefs about their obligation to obey predicted between-adolescent obedience, controlling for parental monitoring, age, and gender. Adolescents' issue-specific agreement, legitimacy beliefs, and obligation to obey predicted issue-specific obedience, controlling for rules and parents' reports of rule enforcement. The potential of examining adolescents' agreement and beliefs about authority as a key link between parenting practices and adolescents' decisions to obey is discussed. (c) 2006 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Assessing Spatial User Experience for Design Guidelines: A Comparative Study of Outpatient Waiting Rooms With Conventional Versus Modern Features
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2023) Julia-Nehme, Begona; Yoon, So-Yeon; Cumsille, Patricio; Rodriguez, Eugenio
Objectives: Identify waiting room design features that are most appreciated by outpatients and their companions in conventional and modern waiting rooms. Evaluate if end users evaluate the environment differently from experts and in what aspects. Provide evidence-based design guidelines that orient designers and healthcare managers. Background: Built environments are relevant in patients' evaluation of overall healthcare service. For outpatients, waiting frequently consumes the largest amount of time; thus, waiting room interior design has great potential to enhance their experience. Methods: This study compares perceptions of two types of waiting rooms-conventional and modern-based on the spatial user experience (SUE) model. In the first stage of the study, we compared user evaluations of conventional waiting rooms (n = 137) and modern waiting rooms (n = 426) with respect to the eight SUE model dimensions using multigroup structural equation modeling. In the second stage, an expert ergonomist and two professional interior designers assessed both types of waiting rooms. Results: Results showed that modern waiting rooms were perceived to be significantly better in all SUE dimensions. We also found experts' evaluations were overall consistent with users' perceptions. Discrepancies were only found in temperature perception, signage evaluation, and spatial appreciation. Conclusions: Participants valued modern style waiting room features such as good quality signage, use of armchairs and sofas, a controlled environment, and decoration. We suggest involving end users in the design process to respond to their needs and promote a positive experience. Finally, we provide easy-to-adopt design guidelines to improve patients' waiting room experience.
Chilean adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority: Individual and age-related differences
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2006) Cumsille, Patricio; Darling, Nancy; Flaherty, Brian P.; Martinez, M. Loreto
Individual and age-related differences in the patterning of adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority were examined in a sample of 3425 Chilean adolescents (M age = 15.0). During early, middle, and late adolescence, three analogous patterns of beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority were identified using latent class analysis (LCA). Youth in the Parental Control class ceded parents legitimate control over issues in the multi-faceted and prudential domains and were relatively likely to cede parental control over the personal domain. Those in the Shared Control class differentiated the prudential from other domains. Those in the Personal Control class denied parents legitimate authority over issues in all domains. Within analogous classes, younger adolescents were more likely to grant parents legitimate authority than older adolescents. Results are consistent with prior research documenting age-related differences, but raise important questions about the normative nature of age-related change in legitimacy beliefs. The advantages of studying sub-groups and variability in the patterning of legitimacy beliefs are discussed.
Determinant factors of excess of weight in school children: a multilevel study
(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2007) Amigo, Hugo; Bustos, Patricia; Erazo, Marcia; Cumsille, Patricio; Silva, Claudio
Background: Rates of obesity reach high levels in Chile, with geographic, social and school variations. Aim: To identify factors at two levels associated with excessive weight in school children: child-family characteristics and school-neighborhood. Material and methods: Using a cross-sectional and multi-step design, seven counties with the highest prevalence of obesity were identified, and schools were randomly chosen from within the 1(st), 3(rd) and 5(th) quintiles of the school strata (same level of obesity prevalence). Within each school, twelve 2(nd) grade children were randomly chosen, (n =42 schools and 504 students). Nutritional status, food intake, eating habits and physical activity were measured. Socio demographic, economic characteristics and nutritional status of the parents were assessed. Home size and facilities for children physical activities were assessed, as well as school infrastructure and management. Results: Most of the explained variance (97%) in the Body Mass index (BMI) was due to individual-level factors: sedentary children behaviour (beta coefficient 1.6, standard error (SE) 0.052), maternal obesity (beta 0.94; SE 0.25), paternal obesity (beta 0.83; SE 0.28) and hours watching television (beta 0.789, SE 0-297). The same risk factors were predictive if obesity: child sedentary behaviours odds ratio (OR): 3.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44-6.48, maternal obesity (OR: 1.91, CI 1.2.7-3.02) and being woman (OR 1.75, CI: 1.0.1-2.76). Conclusions: BMI and obesity are associated with children behaviour or biological and cultural conditions of their families and not with school characteristics.
Ethnic Awareness, Prejudice, and Civic Commitments in Four Ethnic Groups of American Adolescents
(SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 2009) Flanagan, Constance A.; Syvertsen, Amy K.; Gill, Sukhdeep; Gallay, Leslie S.; Cumsille, Patricio
The role of prejudice and ethnic awareness in the civic commitments and beliefs about the American social contract of 1,096 (53% female) adolescents (11-18 year olds, Mean = 15) from African-, Arab-, Latino-, and European-American backgrounds were compared. Ethnic awareness was higher among minority youth and discrimination more often reported by African- and Arab-Americans. Parental admonitions against discrimination were heard by all but African Americans, Latinos and those who reported prejudice heard that it could pose a barrier. Adolescents' beliefs that America is an equal opportunity society were negatively associated with experiences of discrimination and African-Americans were least likely to believe that the government was responsive to the average person. With respect to civic goals, all youth endorsed patriotism but ethnic minorities and ethnically aware youth were more committed to advocating for their ethnic group and European-Americans were less committed than were African Americans to improving race relations.
Gender differences in the self-defining activities and identity experiences of adolescents and emerging adults
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2007) Sharp, Erin Hiley; Coatsworth, J. Douglas; Darling, Nancy; Cumsille, Patricio; Ranieri, Sonia
Activity participation provides a unique context for adolescents and emerging adults to explore interests, talents, and skills and for identity work to occur. Research has found consistent gender differences in the types of activities in which males and females participate. The current study drew on Eudaimonistic identity theory to examine the subjective identity-related experiences of personal expressiveness, flow experiences, and goal-directed behaviour [Waterman, 1984; Waterman, 2004. Finding someone to be: Studies on the role of intrinsic motivation in identity formation. Identity, 4, 209-228] within a special type of activity, self-defining activities, or those activities that participants identify as being important to who they are as a person. This study also tested for gender and country differences in a sample of 572 adolescents and emerging adults from the United States, Italy, and Chile. Findings indicate gender and country differences in the types of self-defining activities for males and females, but no gender differences in the reported identity-related experiences within those activities. This finding held across the three countries. Results from Multivariate Analyses of Variance also indicate that identity-related experiences differ significantly across seven broad activity classes. Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on adolescent activity involvement and time use, gender, and their relations to identity exploration. (c) 2006 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Individual and Issue-Specific Differences in Parental Knowledge and Adolescent Disclosure in Chile, the Philippines, and the United States
(WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Darling, Nancy; Cumsille, Patricio; Pena Alampay, Liane; Coatsworth, Douglas
Perceived parental knowledge and adolescents' disclosure to parents were predicted from parental warmth and monitoring and adolescents' disclosure, agreement, and beliefs about obligation to obey and parental legitimacy (N=698 Chilean, Filipino, and U.S. 13-20-year-olds). The correlates of knowledge are similar in all three countries, but the relative strength of the correlations differs. Global agreement was associated with greater knowledge. Parents knew most about issues governed by rules and those where adolescents agreed, felt obliged to obey, and disclosed. Monitoring predicted knowledge only in Chile and the Philippines. Warmth was a stronger predictor of knowledge in the United States. Key predictors of disclosure include agreement in Chile, agreement and rules in the Philippines, and warmth and rules in the United States.
Individual differences in adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority and their own obligation to obey: A longitudinal investigation
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2008) Darling, Nancy; Cumsille, Patricio; Martinez, M. Loreto
Adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority and obligation to obey were examined in 568 Chilean adolescents (11-14 years old at Wave 1), followed once a year for 4 years. Adolescents' beliefs about parental legitimacy and obligation to obey declined with age. The steepest decline occurred during early adolescence, particularly in the personal domain. Adolescents who were uninvolved in problem behavior and perceived their parents to be supportive or high in monitoring at Wave 1 were more likely to endorse parental legitimacy and obligation to obey over time. There was little evidence that parenting or problem behavior moderated the normative decline in adolescents' beliefs about parental authority. Findings concerning individual differences in adolescents' endorsement of parental authority are highlighted in this study.
Is conventional Political Participation An Indicator of Youth Civic Engagement?
(PONTIFICA UNIV JAVERIANA, FAC PSYCH, 2015) Varela, Edmundo; Loreto Martinez, Maria; Cumsille, Patricio
Although civic engagement is a multidimensional concept, the low participation of youth in conventional politics is often interpreted as an indicator of low civic engagement. This study questions the centrality of conventional political participation as the main indicator of civic engagement, and assesses whether attention to conventional politics is an indicator of civic engagement among young people. Findings of a logistic regression analysis on a sample of young Chileans (N = 390) classified as: (a) political (N = 279) and (b) apolitical (N = 111) indicated that conventional political participation predicts membership to the political and local participation to the apolitical group. Levels of tolerance, civic competencies, participation in nonconventional politics did not predict group membership. Findings indicate that conventional political participation is not the main indicator of civic engagement, and suggest the need to advance multidimensional models civic engagement beyond conventional politics.
Mental Health and Life Satisfaction on Chilean Gay Men and Lesbian Women: The Role of Perceived Sexual Stigma, Internalized Homophobia, and Community Connectedness
(WORLD BANK INST, 2021) Gomez, Fabiola; Cumsille, Patricio; Barrientos, Jaime
The Minority Stress Model has proposed that connectedness to a specific minority community may be a protective factor for stigmatized groups. This study evaluated the mediational role of connectedness with the gay men's and lesbian women's community on the relationship between two minority stressors (internalized homophobia and perceived sexual stigma) with anxiety-depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction. The sample consisted of 467 Chilean self-identified as gay men (57%) and lesbian women (43%). Results revealed that the two minority stressors were associated with anxiety-depressive symptomatology, but only internalized homophobia was associated with life satisfaction. The mediation hypothesis was partially supported by the relationship between internalized homophobia and life satisfaction. Unexpectedly, we found a negative association between connectedness with the gay men's and lesbian women's community and life satisfaction. This finding introduces a view that contrasts with the literature, which proposes that connectedness with the specific community would be a protective factor against sexual stigma.
Pain Intensity Predicts Pain Catastrophizing During the Postpartum Period: A Longitudinal Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Study
(2021) Roman, Camila; Cumsille, Patricio; Gomez Perez, Lydia
Objective. Pain catastrophizing is an important psychological predictor of pain. Recent evidence suggests the relationship between catastrophizing and pain intensity could be bidirectional, but most studies have been conducted on chronic pain patients and using criticized statistical methods. The present study aimed to examine if the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing was bidirectional in the context of childbirth. Methods. A total of 504 women without chronic pain were recruited on their 32-37 gestational week. They completed measures of catastrophizing and pain intensity on the first encounter and then again at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. The temporal relationship between the variables was assessed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Results. The hypothesis of reciprocal association did not receive support, as pain intensity predicted catastrophizing during the postpartum period, but catastrophizing did not show an effect over pain intensity at any moment. Conclusions. Pain intensity predicting catastrophizing is consistent with previous literature, while the lack of effect of catastrophizing over pain intensity is an unexpected result, which may suggest that catastrophizing plays a different role in the postpartum period. These results highlight the importance of timely efforts for pain management during the postpartum period and contribute to the theoretical conceptualization of catastrophizing.
PARALLEL GROWTH IN ALCOHOL AND MARIHUANA USE IN CHILEAN ADOLESCENTS
(SPRINGER, 2018) Cumsille, Patricio; Loreto Martinez, Maria
Shading the truth: The patterning of adolescents' decisions to avoid issues, disclose, or lie to parents
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2010) Cumsille, Patricio; Darling, Nancy; Loreto Martinez, M.
Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to examine the patterning of adolescents' strategy choice when discussing issues with parents in a sample of 1678 Chilean 11-19 year olds (mean age = 14.9). Adolescents reported whether they fully disclosed, partially disclosed, avoided the issue, or lied for six core areas that bridged personal autonomy and safety concerns. Five patterns were identified: two in which adolescents were likely to either share information about all issues or lie about them and three in which adolescents used a combination of strategies that included sharing some information while concealing other. Membership in the full disclosure class was highest among middle class youth and those who reported the highest obedience, legitimacy beliefs, parental agreement, maternal warmth and knowledge, and the fewest problem behaviors. Interestingly, adolescents in the Lie class reported both the highest level of parental monitoring and low maternal knowledge. (C) 2009 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The impact of time of entrance to center-based care on children's general, language, and behavioral development
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022) Narea, Marigen; Cumsille, Patricio; Allel, Kasim
There are contrasting results of the association between center-based care attendance and child development, mainly related to how the time of entry and permanence in the program relates to developmental outcomes. Using latent class analysis in a nationally representative sample of Chilean children between 6 and 35 months old (n = 3,992), and controlling for the child's age, maternal education, mother's marital status, and household income, we identify three different timings of entrance in center-based care programs. The three timings of entrance were defined as early-entry (16%), those children who are more likely to enter before they are 6 months old; middle-entry (16%), those who are more likely to enter when they are between 6 and 18 months old; and late-entry (68%), those children with a low probability of enrollment any time before they are 35 months old. We found that children from the early- and middle-entry classes had higher language development when compared with children from the late-entry class. Still, only those from the middle-entry class showed higher general development in the Battelle test. In contrast, children in the early- and middle-entry classes presented higher scores in the Child Behavior Checklist's externalizing behavior scale than children in the late-entry class. Our findings highlight the existence of a likely linkage between the timing of entry to center-based care and child development. It is essential to understand the potential advantages of center-based care in younger children, especially in enhancing their vocabulary and general development, and the potential negative association of early-entry with problematic behavior.

Browsing by Author "Cumsille, Patricio"

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