Browsing by Author "Cosmelli, Diego"

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    An Introduction to Creativity and the Wandering Mind
    (Academic Press, 2020) Preiss Contreras, David Daniel; Cosmelli, Diego; Kaufman, James C.
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    Attending to the heart is associated with posterior alpha band increase and a reduction in sensitivity to concurrent visual stimuli
    (Society for Psychophysiological Research, 2017) Villena González, Mario; Moenne Vargas, Cristóbal Matías; Lagos, Rodrigo A.; Alliende Correa, Luz María; Billeke, Pablo; Aboitiz, Francisco; López Hernández, Vladimir; Cosmelli, Diego
    Attentional mechanisms have been studied mostly in specific sensory domains, such as auditory, visuospatial, or tactile modalities. In contrast, attention to internal interoceptive visceral targets has only recently begun to be studied, despite its potential importance in emotion, empathy, and self-awareness. Here, we studied the effects of shifting attention to the heart using a cue-target detection paradigm during continuous EEG recordings. Subjects were instructed to count either a series of visual stimuli (visual condition) or their own heartbeats (heart condition). Visual checkerboard stimuli were used as attentional probes throughout the task. Consistent with previous findings, attention modulated the amplitude of the heartbeat-evoked potentials. Directing attention to the heart significantly reduced the visual P1/N1 amplitude evoked by the attentional probe. ERPs locked to the attention-directing cue revealed a novel frontal positivity around 300 ms postcue. Finally, spectral power in the alpha band over parieto-occipital regions was higher while attending to the heart-when compared to the visual task-and correlated with subject's performance in the interoceptive task. These results are consistent with a shared, resource-based attentional mechanism whereby allocating attention to bodily signals can affect early responses to visual stimuli.
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    Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evidence of Enhanced Performance Monitoring in Meditators
    (2017) Andreu, Catherine I.; Moenne Vargas, Cristóbal Matías; López Hernández, Vladimir; Slagter, Heleen A.; Franken, Ingmar H. A.; Cosmelli, Diego
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    Chapter 5 - Imagination and mind wandering: two sides of the same coin? A brain dynamics perspective
    (2020) Villena González, Mario; Cosmelli, Diego; D. Preiss, David; Cosmelli, Diego; Kaufman, James C.
    The renewed interest in mind wandering has produced a wealth of knowledge about brain mechanisms underlying the generation of spontaneous thoughts and stimulus-independent cognition. However, how this phenomenon relates to the more classically defined imagination, with which it shares several key phenomenological and psychological features, remains largely unexplored. Here, we discuss whether and how imagination relates to mind wandering and whether they depend on similar brain mechanisms. We pay particular attention to the spontaneous/deliberate contrast in both these phenomena and the importance of considering thought contents, modality, temporality, and emotional valence when studying stimulus-independent cognition. We draw from recent advances in brain connectivity studies to analyze the role that the brain's default mode network (DMN) might have in articulating these two pervasive aspects of human mental life. It appears that such an integrative process is likely to depend on a highly dynamical DMN, one that cannot be reduced simply to a resting state or self-related network. Ultimately, this challenges the idea that mind wandering and imagination are substantially different processes and suggests that it might be worth looking at them as part of the same type of self-generated mental activity.
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    COGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR MENTAL CALCULATION
    (CLAME-COMITE LATINOAMERICANO MAT EDUC, 2011) Galvez, Grecia; Cosmelli, Diego; Cubillos, Lino; Leger, Paul; Mena, Arturo; Tanter, Eric; Flores, Ximena; Luci, Gina; Montoya, Soledad; Soto Andrade, Jorge
    We focus on the study of the variety of cognitive strategies, either idiosyncratic or learned, used by students in the first cycle of elementary education in Chile to practice activities of mental calculation. We present an analysis of performance in additive mental calculation tasks (addition and subtraction) of a sample of students from state-subsidized schools in middle and low-middle socioeconomic strata in the cities of Santiago and Valparaiso. We construct a catalogue of the strategies detected and a first version of a software developed by us and available in the internet, which enables us to assess the student's performance, including their response times. We also analyze the correlation between the performance in the proposed tasks (percentage of correct answers and response times) and the average school achievement in mathematics.
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    Compared to self-immersion, mindful attention reduces salivation and automatic food bias
    (2017) Baquedano, Constanza; Vergara, Rodrigo; López Hernández, Vladimir; Fabar, Catalina; Cosmelli, Diego; Lutz, Antoine
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    Creativity and the Wandering Mind: Spontaneous and Controlled Cognition
    (Academic Press, 2020) Barnett, Paul Joseph; Kaufman, James C.; Barr, Nathaniel; Beaty, Roger; Seli, Paul; Zedelius, Claire M.; Schooler, Jonathan W.; Palmiero, Massimiliano; Villena González, Mario; Cosmelli, Diego; Prochazkova, Luisa; Hommel, Bernhard; Jay Lynn, Steven; Polizzi, Craig; Miskovic, Vladimir; Aksen, Damla; Woolley, Jacqueline D.; Bunce, Louise; Boerger, Elizabeth A.; Whitebread, David; O’Sullivan, Lisha; Russ, Sandra W.; Beghetto, Ronald A.; Schuh, Kathy L.; Dobson, Charles; Christoff, Kalina; Preiss, David D.; Colm Hogan, Patrick; Preiss Contreras, David Daniel; Cosmelli, Diego; Kaufman, James C.
    Creativity and the Wandering Mind: Spontaneous and Controlled Cognition summarizes research on the impact of mind wandering and cognitive control on creativity, including imagination, fantasy and play. Most coverage in this area has either focused on the negative consequences of mind wandering on focused problem solving or the positive effect of mindfulness, but not on the positive consequences of mind wandering. This volume bridges that gap. Research indicates that most people experience mind wandering during a large percentage of their waking time, and that it is a baseline default mode of brain function during the awake but resting state. This volume explores the different kinds of mind wandering and its positive impact on imagination, play, problem-solving, and creative production.
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    ECOCAM, un Sistema Computacional Adaptable al Contexto para Promover Estrategias de Cálculo Mental: Características de su Diseño y Resultados Preliminares
    (2014) Leger, P.; Gálvez, G.; Inostroza, M.; Cubillos, L.; Luci, G.; Tanter, E.; Cosmelli, Diego; Soto Andrade, J.
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    Effects of a brief mindfulness-meditation intervention on neural measures of response inhibition in cigarette smokers
    (2018) Andreu, Catherine I.; Cosmelli, Diego; Slagter, Heleen A.; Franken, Ingmar H. A.
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    Empirical basis for the development of adaptative interfaces : behavioral and neurophysiological evidences of decision-making and expertise development in a sequencial choice scenario.
    (2017) Moenne Vargas, Cristóbal Matías; Mery Quiroz, Domingo; Cosmelli, Diego; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
    En el día a día nuestra interacción con interfaces computacionales está llena de situaciones en las cuales pasamos de ser usuarios inexpertos a expertos mediante la repetición de una misma tarea. En muchas de estas interacciones debemos aprender a encontrar una ruta, dentro de una secuencia de decisiones y acciones, la cual nos lleva al resultado buscado. Por ejemplo, cuando retiramos dinero de un cajero automático, las elecciones son presentadas paso a paso y una secuencia específica de acciones debe ser realizada en orden de obtener el resultado deseado. Entonces, a medida que nos hacemos expertos en el uso de estas interfaces, ¿es posible identificar estrategias especificas de búsqueda aprendizaje? De ser así, ¿podemos usar esa información para predecir acciones futuras? Además de comprender mejor los procesos cognitivos que subyacen a la toma de decisiones secuencial, esto podría permitir construir interfaces adaptativas que puedan facilitar la interacción en diferentes momentos de la curva de aprendizaje. Aquí abordamos la pregunta de modelar el comportamiento de toma de decisiones secuencial usando una interfaz visual simple representada por un árbol de decisión binario (por sus siglas en inglés BDT) de cuatro niveles. Registramos datos conductuales de participantes voluntarios mientras tratan de resolver la tarea. Utilizando un enfoque basado en el modelo oculto de Markov, que se capitaliza la estructura jerárquica del comportamiento, luego modelamos el desempeño de los participantes durante la interacción. Nuestros resultados muestran que una partición del espacio del problema en un pequeño grupo de estrategias estereotipadas y relacionadas jerárquicamente pueden capturar potencialmente una serie de comportamientos de b´usqueda. Esto nos permite seguir c´omo los participantes aprendeny desarrollan habilidades en el uso de la interfaz. Más aún, usando una Mezcla de Expertos basadas en las estrategias, somos capaces de predecir el comportamiento de los participantes que aprenden la tarea. Además, usando indicadores conductuales derivados de nuestro modelamiento, somos capaces de capturar la compleja estructura de los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo de expertise presente en los registros de Electroencéfalograma (EEG) de los participantes, revelando a nivel cerebral las diferentes etapas del proceso de toma de decisión a través de Potenciales Relacionados a Eventos (pos sus siglas en inglés ERP). Nuestra meta a largo plazo es informar acerca de la construcción de interfaces que puedan establecer una conversación dinámica con sus usuarios, en orden de facilitar la interacción con ellas.
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    Enhanced response inhibition and reduced midfrontal theta activity in experienced Vipassana meditators
    (Springer Nature Limited, 2019) Andreu, Catherine I.; Palacios García, Ismael José; Moenne Vargas, Cristóbal Matías; López Hernández, Vladimir; Franken, Ingmar; Cosmelli, Diego; Slagter, Heleen
    Response inhibition - the ability to suppress inappropriate thoughts and actions - is a fundamental aspect of cognitive control. Recent research suggests that mental training by meditation may improve cognitive control. Yet, it is still unclear if and how, at the neural level, long-term meditation practice may affect (emotional) response inhibition. The present study aimed to address this outstanding question, and used an emotional Go/Nogo task and electroencephalography (EEG) to examine possible differences in behavioral and electrophysiological indices of response inhibition between Vipassana meditators and an experience-matched active control group (athletes). Behaviorally, meditators made significantly less errors than controls on the emotional Go/Nogo task, independent of the emotional context, while being equally fast. This improvement in response inhibition at the behavioral level was accompanied by a decrease in midfrontal theta activity in Nogo vs. Go trials in the meditators compared to controls. Yet, no changes in ERP indices of response inhibition, as indexed by the amplitude of the N2 and P3 components, were observed. Finally, the meditators subjectively evaluated the emotional pictures lower in valence and arousal. Collectively, these results suggest that meditation may improve response inhibition and control over emotional reactivity.
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    Estrategias cognitivas para el cálculo mental
    (2011) Gálvez, Grecia; Cosmelli, Diego; Leger, Paul; Mena Lorca, Arturo; Tanter, Eric; Flores, Ximena; Luci, Gina; Montoya, Soledad; Soto-Andrade, Jorge; Cubillos, Lino
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    Estudio de la interacción de estados emocionales, corporales y la flexibilidad cognitiva : aproximaciones en primera y tercera persona
    (2018) Vásquez Rosati, Alejandra; Cosmelli, Diego; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología
    Nuestra conducta está constantemente adaptándose al cambiante ambiente y necesitamos responder flexiblemente a sus demandas. Requerimos la habilidad de inhibir lo que estamos haciendo para responder a otras demandas, cambiar entre estímulos, operaciones y set mentales.Esta habilidad es conocida como flexibilidad cognitiva. Recientes hallazgos sugieren que estados emocionales modulan la flexibilidad cognitiva, sin embargo estos aun son controversiales. Mas aun,no existe evidencia sobre si esta modulación afecta la actividad cortical o si la utilización de una acción motora para responder a las demandas ambientales se relaciona con estos estados emocionales.Nuestra hipótesis es que estados emocionales positivos que promueven una sensación general de apertura corporal facilitarán la flexibilidad cognitiva. De manera contraria, los estados emocionales negativos que promueven una sensación general de clausura corporal la dificultarán.Estos efectos se verán detectados en los costos de cambio al compara los ensayos de repetición versus los ensayos de cambio de regla. Y también se verá reflejado en los correlatos electrofisiológicos. Para responder a estas preguntas se llevaron a cabo tres estudios. En primer lugar, se validó y caracterizó la respuesta emocional a los estímulos musicales diseñados para esta tesis(positivo/alta activación/apertura corporal y negativo/alta activación/cierre corporal). En segundo lugar, utilizamos estos dos estímulos emocionales para inducir un estado emocional en los participantes, para que luego realizaran una tarea de flexibilidad cognitiva. Y en tercer lugar,exploramos la integración de una acción motora para responder a la tarea (extensión y flexión del brazo) posterior a la inducción emocional. Todas las aproximaciones experimentales incluyeron la entrevista micro-fenomenológica para explorar la experiencia de los participantes.Nuestro principal resultado fue que los estados emocionales negativos facilitan la flexibilidad cognitiva, reflejado en una disminución de los tiempos de respuesta en relación a las condiciones de silencio y positiva. Adicionalmente, el análisis de la entrevista microfenomenológicay la integración de los datos en primera- y tercera-persona mostraron que la disposición emocional generada por la música podía facilitar o dificultar la realización de la tarea independiente de la valencia emocional de ésta. Cuando la disposición emocional dificultaba la tarea, los tiempos de respuesta fueron mas lentos y el P300 presentó una menor amplitud alcompararlos con la disposición emocional facilitadora.
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    Functional cortical network in alpha band correlates with social bargaining
    (2014) Billeke, P.; Zamorano, F.; Chavez, M.; Cosmelli, Diego; Aboitiz, Francisco
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    MEG Connectivity and Power Detections with Minimum Norm Estimates Require Different Regularization Parameters
    (2016) Hincapie, A.; Kujala, J.; Mattout, J.; Daligault, S.; Delpuech, C.; Mery Quiroz, Domingo; Cosmelli, Diego; Jerbi, K.
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    Mind Wandering, Creative Writing, and the Self
    (Academic Press, 2017) Preiss Contreras, David Daniel; Cosmelli, Diego
    We propose that creative writers develop a sense of identity that is strongly grounded on their awareness of the mind wandering process. As creative writers develop their expertise, they gain a better knowledge of the creative process. Specifically, they become mindful mind wanderers. That is, they make temporally extended insight problem solving a core part of their self and their life story. Specifically, creators make mind wandering part of their life story by means of four processes: acknowledging extended time, developing trust in incubation, incorporating the creative process as a part of identity development, and recognizing the positive impact of creativity on overall well-being. We illustrate these processes with excerpts from interviews of four Chilean poets.
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    Modeling Search Behaviors during the Acquisition of Expertise in a Sequential Decision-Making Task
    (2017) Moenne Vargas, Cristóbal Matías; Vergara, Rodrigo C.; López Hernández, Vladimir; Mery Quiroz, Domingo; Cosmelli, Diego