Browsing by Author "Carrasco, Juan Antonio"
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- ItemAccessibility Indicators for the Geographical Assessment of Transport Planning in Latin-America Metropolitan Area(MDPI, 2021) Martínez, Marcela ; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Condeço-Melhorado, Ana; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; CEDEUS (Chile)Accessibility represents a key element in strengthening developed regions in terms of investment in transportation infrastructure. Accessibility is also an equity indicator to measure the ease with which a specific location achieves desired outcomes as well as the spillover effect; traditionally, these effects have been analyzed with econometric and engineering techniques, rather than from the perspective of geographical studies. The purpose of this research is to measure the spillover effects and the territorial cohesion of Infrastructure Regional Planning (PRI) for the Latin American metropolitan area of Concepción (MAC), Chile. To meet this purpose, locational and network efficiency indicators of spatial accessibility were calculated using network analysis in GIS. The results showed that the improvements differ according to the accessibility indicator employed; however, they generally showed benefits in consolidated urban centers and corridors near investment and industrial areas. In contrast, more distant and rural areas presented limited and irregular benefits.
- ItemAccessibility Indicators to Fresh Food: A Quantitative Insight from Concepción, Chile(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2022) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Widener, Michael J.; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Meneses, Fernando; Rodríguez, Tiara; CEDEUS (Chile)Accessibility is crucial to establishing and maintaining a nutritious and healthy diet. Although much of the literature on access to healthy food has focused on study areas in the Global North, the topic is of growing relevance to other regions across the globe. In Chile, where the prevalence of chronic diseases related to obesity and diet has increased, and over 50 percent of Chileans are considered overweight or obese, improving accessibility to healthy food has been an essential strat egy for improving health outcomes, including the food environment. In this article, we analyze walking accessibility from homes and workplaces to open street markets and supermarkets that sell fresh fruits and vegetables and consider the role of price in the Concepcion metropolitan area, the second most populated city in Chile. Results suggest that supermarkets and open street markets are distributed in a complementary way. Open street markets have a crucial role in facilitating access to more affordable products for peripheral and low-income areas. Findings also show workplaces increase accessibil ity in a way that is complementary to residential location
- ItemElderly Walking Access to Street Markets in Chile: An Asset for Food Security in an Unequal Country(2023) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Castillo, Bryan; Villegas, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Steiniger, Stefan; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; CEDEUS (Chile)Street markets can contribute to food security, since they are a source of fresh food and comparably inexpensive goods, being very relevant for low-income groups. Their relevance is even higher when considering older people, due to their often-constrained financial resources and possibilities to move. To assess the potential contribution of street markets to food security, this paper aims at evaluating to what extent older people have access to such a relevant asset. We consider the case of Chile, an ageing country with an unequal pension system, which makes it relevant for older people to access healthy and inexpensive food. We analyze what proportion of older people (i.e., people over 65) has walking access within 10 min to a street market—feria libre—in each Chilean region, with particular detail in the country’s four major urban areas. We compare the resulting accessibility maps with census data to identify neighborhoods with higher proportions of older people and examine their socio-economic conditions. Our findings show that while street markets are less accessible to older people in comparison to the general population, the inhabitants who can access them belong mainly to low-income groups. The results provide relevant insights to develop neighborhood-based policies for spreading and strengthening street markets, especially in low-income areas with insufficient levels of access to other relevant urban opportunities.
- ItemMobility Changes, Teleworking, and Remote Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile(2020) Astroza, Sebastián; Tirachini, Alejandro ; Hurtubia Gonzalez, Ricardo Daniel; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Guevara, Angelo; Munizaga, Marcela; Figueroa, Macarena; Torres, ValentinaResults from a mobility survey from Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic show a decrease of 44% of trips in Santiago, with metro (55%), ride-hailing (51%), and bus (45%) presenting the highest reduction. Modes with the lowest reduction are motorcycle (28%), auto (34%), and walking (39%). While 77% of workers from low-income households had to go out and work, 80% of workers from high-income households worked from home. Other important factors that correlate with teleworking are gender, educational level, employment status, and occupation. Regarding the number of trips for purposes other than work, significant factors are gender, age, and employment status.
- ItemSocio-Spatial Inequality in Education Facilities in the Concepción Metropolitan Area (Chile)(2013) de la Fuente, Helen E.; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Salado, María Jesús; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Neutens, Tijs
- ItemSTRIDE - una aplicación Android para recolectar experiencias de peatones para apoyar a las intervenciones con un foco en la caminabilidad(2022) Steiniger, Stefan; Fuentes, Christian; Flores, Daniel; Castillo Mendoza, Bryan Williams; Vecchio, Giovanni; Walker, Jim; Carrasco, Juan AntonioLa caminabilidad de calles o barrios puede ser evaluada de dos formas: por medio de modelos, usando bases de datos geográficas sobre el uso de suelo, tal como lo hace Walkscore.com, o a través de encuestas focalizadas en peatones. Ambas evaluaciones de caminabilidad ayudan a planificar barrios con mejor accesibilidad, diseñar intervenciones urbanistas y también podría entregar perspectivas del comportamiento peatonal a los investigadores y planificadores. Para facilitar los últimos dos propósitos, se desarrolla una aplicación móvil, llamada STRIDE.App, que permite a los peatones compartir sus experiencias de caminata. El enfoque del desarrollo de la aplicación ha sido una interfaz sencilla de utilizar, que logra compartir con bastante rapidez la percepción del transeúnte, al calificar la ubicación actual en tres posibles alternativas para caminar: 1. buena, 2. con algunos problemas o 3. mala - por medio de los colores verde, amarillo y rojo respectivamente. La información sobre los peatones, tales como edad, género y su capacidad física, es considerada clave para conocer “quien” ha tenido una experiencia positiva, regular o negativa. La app móvil fue usada en 4 casos de estudios en 2 continentes, comprobando su utilidad, pero también destacando los desafíos con respecto a la representatividad de los datos, y límites en el entendimiento de los contextos locales.
- ItemUsing Disaggregated and Latent Variable Analysis to Investigate the Role of Socioeconomic Factors in Concerns and Expectations Related to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Chile(2022) Tirachini, Alejandro; Guevara, Angelo; Munizaga, Marcela; Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Astroza, Sebastián; Hurtubia González, RicardoThe COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a complex set of psychosocial effects, such as anxiety, depression, financial loss, burnout, and fear of infection. We study the role of socioeconomic factors in the concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the expectations of social changes on a post-pandemic future. The analysis is performed by collecting 22 indicators from a sample of 4,395 adults in Chile. The analysis is performed first by descriptive statistics, then by fusing the indictors into three latent variables, and finally by modelling each indicator as a separate choice. We find that lower-income people are significantly more worried about a range of financial and health issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, including concerns about being infected by the virus, losing their job and not being able to pay debts. The concern about facing a large economic crisis is significantly larger in the extremes, i.e., for low- and high-income groups. Age, gender, having a university degree, the possibility of working from home, and the general health status also influence the fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic. From a policy point of view, we conclude that strong policy interventions are necessary to reduce the uneven negative effects of COVID-19 in society, including material and mental health problems. From a methodological point of view, our results show that, while using a latent variable approach allows disentangling the main drivers of the phenomenon, rich content may be omitted when a disaggregated analysis is neglected, therefore both approaches are complementary.
- ItemVisualización de las dimensiones espaciales y temporales de las estrategias de movilidad individual en entornos urbanos(2020) Carrasco, Juan Antonio; Aguilera Saéz, Felipe; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Salas Olmedo, HenarLa movilidad cotidiana, entendida como la suma de los desplazamientos recurrentes para acceder a bienes y servicios en un territorio determinado, se estudia desde una perspectiva espacio-temporal de acciones cotidianas como el uso de tecnología, los gastos monetarios y las relaciones cotidianas que configuran las estrategias de movilidad de las personas. Por medio de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), es posible aplicar un con-junto de herramientas geográficas capaces visualizar la dimensión espacio-temporal de las actividades y los viajes individuales de las estrategias de movilidad. Su aplicación se ejemplifica en dos individuos de la comuna de Concepción, Chile, identificando las áreas de la ciudad en las que se mueven y sus actividades claves que permiten desenvolverse en la vida cotidiana. En detalle, se representa cartográficamente la localización de sus actividades, la amplitud e influencia de sus relaciones cotidianas, y de los elementos que influyen en la toma de decisiones en su estrategia de movilidad diaria.