Browsing by Author "Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio"

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    A group of grapevine MYBA transcription factors located in chromosome 14 control anthocyanin synthesis in vegetable organs with different specificieties compared with the berry color locus
    (2017) Matus J. T.; Cavallini, E.; Loyola, R.; Holl, J.; Finezzo, L.; Dall Santo, S.; Vialet, S.; Commisso, M.; Alcalde Furber, José Antonio; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Roman, F.; Shubert, A.; Bogs, J.; Ageorges, A.; Tornielli, G. B.
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    A molecular framework for the inhibition of Arabidopsis root growth in response to boron toxicity
    (2012) Aquea Zeballos, José Felipe; Vega C., Andrea; Jullian Fabres, Pastor; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    A novel Otubain-like cysteine protease gene is preferentially expressed during somatic embryogenesis in Pinus radiata
    (2008) Aquea Zeballos, José Felipe; Gutiérrez Barros, Florencia; Medina, Consuelo; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    A rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method for detection of grapevine red blotch virus without tissue extraction using loop-mediated isothermal amplification
    (2019) Romero, J. L.; Carver, G. D.; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Perry, K. L.; Thompson, J. R.
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    An update on sugar transport and signalling in grapevine
    (2014) Lecourieux, F.; Serrano Canales, Alejandra Rita de Lourdes; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Análisis del rol de la cutícula en la defensa de la vid ante el hongo necrotrófico Botrytis cinerea
    (2022) Meyer Regueiro, Carlos José; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
    La cutícula es la estructura más externa de todos los tejidos aéreo de los organismos vegetales, por esta razón se encuentra en contacto inmediato con el medio circundante, interactuando con las distintas señales ambientales. Particularmente, es esta estructura la primera barrera que deben sobrepasar los patógenos fúngicos para colonizar el tejido aéreo vegetal. Por esta razón, su rol en la interacción planta-patógeno ha tomado relevancia en los últimos años. Se han propuesto tres mecanismos hipotéticos que podrían explicar las funciones de la cutícula en la interacción planta hongo: (1) Barrera física que impide la penetración del patógeno, (2) fuente de compuestos que afectan el desarrollo del hongo y (3) fuente de efectores percibidos tempranamente por la planta. Dentro del género Vitis, híbridos V. vinifera x V. labrusca presentan mayor grado de resistencia a este patógeno que su contraparte V. vinifera. Basados en la comparación de los componentes de la cutícula de ambas especies se determinó que en los cultivares derivados de V. labrusca existe una mayor acumulación de ácido ursólico, ácido olenólico y heintriacotano, moléculas que otorgan resistencia al hongo al ser asperjadas sobre bayas susceptibles. Este proyecto plantea estudiar la interacción entre B. cinerea y V. vinifera (híbridos V. vinifera x V. Labrusca) para contribuir a dilucidar cuál es el mecanismo de resistencia mediado por las ceras de la cutícula, a través de la caracterización de aspectos fisiológicos del ciclo infectivo del hongo en bayas de vid para dilucidar el componente principal de la resistencia a B. cinerea.
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    Analysis of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase families of Vitis vinifera
    (2010) Aquea Zeballos, José Felipe; Timmermann Aranis, Tania; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Analysis of the grape MYB R2R3 subfamily reveals expanded wine quality-related clades and conserved gene structure organization across Vitis and Arabidopsis genomes
    (2008) Matus Picero, José Tomás; Aquea Zeballos, José Felipe; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
    Abstract Background The MYB superfamily constitutes the most abundant group of transcription factors described in plants. Members control processes such as epidermal cell differentiation, stomatal aperture, flavonoid synthesis, cold and drought tolerance and pathogen resistance. No genome-wide characterization of this family has been conducted in a woody species such as grapevine. In addition, previous analysis of the recently released grape genome sequence suggested expansion events of several gene families involved in wine quality. Results We describe and classify 108 members of the grape R2R3 MYB gene subfamily in terms of their genomic gene structures and similarity to their putative Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues. Seven gene models were derived and analyzed in terms of gene expression and their DNA binding domain structures. Despite low overall sequence homology in the C-terminus of all proteins, even in those with similar functions across Arabidopsis and Vitis, highly conserved motif sequences and exon lengths were found. The grape epidermal cell fate clade is expanded when compared with the Arabidopsis and rice MYB subfamilies. Two anthocyanin MYBA related clusters were identified in chromosomes 2 and 14, one of which includes the previously described grape colour locus. Tannin related loci were also detected with eight candidate homologues in chromosomes 4, 9 and 11. Conclusion This genome wide transcription factor analysis in Vitis suggests that clade-specific grape R2R3 MYB genes are expanded while other MYB genes could be well conserved compared to Arabidopsis. MYB gene abundance, homology and orientation within particular loci also suggests that expanded MYB clades conferring quality attributes of grapes and wines, such as colour and astringency, could possess redundant, overlapping and cooperative functions.Abstract Background The MYB superfamily constitutes the most abundant group of transcription factors described in plants. Members control processes such as epidermal cell differentiation, stomatal aperture, flavonoid synthesis, cold and drought tolerance and pathogen resistance. No genome-wide characterization of this family has been conducted in a woody species such as grapevine. In addition, previous analysis of the recently released grape genome sequence suggested expansion events of several gene families involved in wine quality. Results We describe and classify 108 members of the grape R2R3 MYB gene subfamily in terms of their genomic gene structures and similarity to their putative Arabidopsis thaliana orthologues. Seven gene models were derived and analyzed in terms of gene expression and their DNA binding domain structures. Despite low overall sequence homology in the C-terminus of all proteins, even in those with similar functions across Arabidopsis and Vitis, highly conserved motif sequences and exon lengths were found. The grape epidermal cell fate clade is expanded when compared with the Arabidopsis and rice MYB subfamilies. Two anthocyanin MYBA related clusters were identified in chromosomes 2 and 14, one of which includes the previously described grape colour locus. Tannin related loci were also detected with eight candidate homologues in chromosomes 4, 9 and 11. Conclusion This genome wide transcription factor analysis in Vitis suggests that clade-specific grape R2R3 MYB genes are expanded while other MYB genes could be well conserved compared to Arabidopsis. MYB gene abundance, homology and orientation within particular loci also suggests that expanded MYB clades conferring quality attributes of grapes and wines, such as colour and astringency, could possess redundant, overlapping and cooperative functions.
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    Berry ripening: recently heard through the grapevine
    (2014) Kühn Weber, Nathalie Alexandra; Godoy Santin, María Francisca; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Biochemical and molecular changes in response to aluminium-stress in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)
    (2011) Inostroza, C.; Aquea Zeballos, José Felipe; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Biocontrol of Sirex noctilio by the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola : a five season field study in southern Chile
    (2018) Castillo, Miguel; Sanfuentes, Eugenio; Angulo, Andrés; Becerra, José; Romero Romero, Jesús L.; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Characterization of the MYB60 Gene of Phaseolus vulgaris and its Role in Regulating Stomatal Aperture
    (2024) Martínez Barradas, Vera Isabel; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
    In this thesis the Phaseolus vulgaris MYB60 gene was characterized, and it is pointed as a promising candidate to improve its tolerance to drought stress. The specific objectives were: Characterize the ‘Zorzal’ cultivar physiological and yield response to drought stress in greenhouse. Identify, clone, and characterize the MYB60 gene of Phaseolus vulgaris orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana including its coding region and promoter. Establish an in vitro regeneration protocol for the “Zorzal” common bean cultivar and design gRNAs that can be furtherly used for its edition. Zorzal presented physiological traits associated with drought tolerance. However, these traits are insufficient to maintain a stable yield under severe drought stress at the pre-flowering stage.Phaseolus vulgaris has a PvMYB60 ortholog gene to the MYB60 of Arabidopsis thaliana, with stomata-specific expression that is involved in promoting stomatal aperture.An in vitro regeneration method was developed that allows successful fertile plant regeneration of ‘Zorzal’ common bean by direct organogenesis from embryonic axis and embryonic apical meristem explants, with regeneration rates of 58.3 and 21.1% respectively, that together with the designed gRNAs provide a potential tool for genetic manipulation of Zorzal cultivar and common bean in general.
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    Cisgenesis and intragenesis : new tools for improving crops
    (2013) Espinoza Cancino, Carmen Gloria; Schlechter, Rudolf; Herrera, Daniela; Torres, Erica; Serrano, Alejandra; Medina, Consuelo; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    Compatible GLRaV-3 viral infections affect berry ripening decreasing sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Vitis vinifera
    (2011) Vega, A.; Gutiérrez Ilabaca, Rodrigo Antonio; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
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    El Debate de los Transgénicos: Una Perspectiva Desde la Ciencia
    (2001) Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Vicuña, Rafael
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    Development of phytase-expressing chlamydomonas reinhardtii for monogastric animal nutrition
    (2016) Erpel Miranda, Fernanda Alejandra; Restovic Carvajal, Franko; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
    Abstract Background In plant-derived animal feedstuffs, nearly 80 % of the total phosphorus content is stored as phytate. However, phytate is poorly digested by monogastric animals such as poultry, swine and fish, as they lack the hydrolytic enzyme phytase; hence it is regarded as a nutritionally inactive compound from a phosphate bioavailability point of view. In addition, it also chelates important dietary minerals and essential amino acids. Therefore, dietary supplementation with bioavailable phosphate and exogenous phytases are required to achieve optimal animal growth. In order to simplify the obtaining and application processes, we developed a phytase expressing cell-wall deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain. Results In this work, we developed a transgenic microalgae expressing a fungal phytase to be used as a food supplement for monogastric animals. A codon optimized Aspergillus niger PhyA E228K phytase (mE228K) with improved performance at pH 3.5 was transformed into the plastid genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in order to achieve optimal expression. We engineered a plastid-specific construction harboring the mE228K gene, which allowed us to obtain high expression level lines with measurable in vitro phytase activity. Both wild-type and cell-wall deficient strains were selected, as the latter is a suitable model for animal digestion. The enzymatic activity of the mE228K expressing lines were approximately 5 phytase units per gram of dry biomass at pH 3.5 and 37 °C, similar to physiological conditions and economically competitive for use in commercial activities. Conclusions A reference basis for the future biotechnological application of microalgae is provided in this work. A cell-wall deficient transgenic microalgae with phytase activity at gastrointestinal pH and temperature and suitable for pellet formation was developed. Moreover, the associated microalgae biomass costs of this strain would be between US$5 and US$60 per ton of feedstuff, similar to the US$2 per ton of feedstuffs of commercially available phytases. Our data provide evidence of phytate-hydrolyzing microalgae biomass for use as a food additive without the need for protein purification.
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    Development of Run1Ren1 grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera) resistant to Erysiphe necator (powdery mildew)
    (2022) Sosa Zúñiga, Viviana; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
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    Differences in berry primary and secondary metabolisms identified by transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of two table grape color somatic variants
    (2019) Santibáñez, Claudia; Meyer Regueiro, Carlos José; Martínez, Litsy; Moyano, Tomás; Lunn, John; Feil, Regina; Dai, Zhanwu; Carrasco, David; Arroyo García, Rosa; Hilbert,Ghislaine; Renaud, Christel; Delrot, Serge; Manke Nachtigall, Fabiane; Gutiérrez Ilabaca, Rodrigo Antonio; Matus, José Tomás; Gomès, Eric; Arce Johnson, Jorge Patricio
    Anthocyanins are flavonoids responsible for the color of berries in skin-pigmented grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Due to the widely adopted vegetative propagation of this species, somatic mutations occurring in meristematic cell layers can be fixed and passed into the rest of the plant when cloned. In this study we focused on the transcriptomic and metabolic differences between two color somatic variants. Using microscopic, metabolic and mRNA profiling analyses we compared the table grape cultivar (cv.) ‘Red Globe’ (RG, with purplish berry skin) and cv. ‘Chimenti Globe’ (CG, with a contrasting reddish berry skin color). As expected, significant differences were found in the composition of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoids, but also in their upstream precursors’ shikimate and phenylalanine. Among primary metabolites, sugar phosphates related with sucrose biosynthesis were less accumulated in cv. ‘CG’. The red-skinned cv. ‘CG’ only contained di-hydroxylated anthocyanins (i.e. peonidin and cyanidin) while the tri-hydroxylated derivatives malvidin, delphinidin and petunidin were absent, in correlation to the reddish cv. ‘CG’ skin coloration. Transcriptomic analysis showed alteration in flavonoid metabolism and terpenoid pathways and in primary metabolism such as sugar content. Eleven flavonoid 3’5’-hydroxylase gene copies were down-regulated in cv. ‘CG’. This family of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductases are key in the biosynthesis of tri-hydroxylated anthocyanins. Many transcription factors appeared down-regulated in cv. ‘CG’ in correlation to the metabolic and transcriptomic changes observed. The use of molecular markers and its confirmation with our RNA-seq data showed the exclusive presence of the null MYBA2 white allele (i.e. homozygous in both L1 and L2 layers) in the two somatic variants. Therefore, the differences in MYBA1 expression seem sufficient for the skin pigmentation differences and the changes in MYBA target gene expression in cv. ‘Chimenti Globe’.