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Browsing CEDEUS by Author "CEDEUS (Chile)"
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- ItemA discrete-event public transportation simulation model to evaluate travel demand management impacts on waiting times and crowding conditions(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Soza-Parra, J.; Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; CEDEUS (Chile)Several approaches have been proposed and adopted by researchers and decision-makers to improve and deal with public transport operation issues, especially travel demand management (TDM) measures. Disruptions like lockdowns provoked by weather conditions, political riots, special events, natural disaster issues, or the recent COVID-19 pandemic create a need for tools to manage public transport demand and supply o keep users circulating in an efficient, convenient and safe manner. Our work develops a simulation tool of the operations of a public transport system using smart card, GTFS and census data to evaluate the impacts of different intervention scenarios using the pandemic context as a case study. Using a pre-pandemic baseline scenario, we study the impact of several travel demand and public transport supply measures, focusing the analysis on waiting times and crowding conditions inside vehicles and platforms. As a result, we generate easy-to-analyze visual outputs that facilitate prioritizing actions at the metropolitan and district level, identifying where and when waiting times and crowding conditions would exceed certain thresholds.
- ItemA greener urban environment: designing green infrastructure interventions to promote citizens’ subjective wellbeing(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Navarrete-Hernández, Pablo; Laffan, Kate; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios UrbanosResearch using subjective wellbeing (SWB) measures finds that the greener an individual's local environment is, the higher the levels of happiness and the lower levels of stress they tend to report experiencing. This literature presents positive associations between existing large-scale green spaces, such as urban parks or squares, and the wellbeing of residents living in close proximity to them. In contrast, in the current work, we present a novel approach which combines SWB measures with photo simulation in order to examine the impact of street-level green infrastructure interventions on the people's perceptions of the SWB associated with urban sites. We tested the approach with the attendees of the 20th Biennale on Architecture and Urbanism in Chile in 2017, exploring the impact of four different types of street-level green interventions. The results indicate that all types of green interventions considered significantly increase the perceived happiness and reduce the perceived stress associated with the sites during short exposures, with varying effect sizes across different types and scales of interventions. The proposed technique could be used in urban planning processes to examine the potential SWB benefits of green infrastructure investments prior to their being rolled out.
- ItemA lightweight fiber-based approach to reduce the risk of concrete detachment in shotcrete fortified tunnels(2020) Ortiz, C.; Lillo Gallardo, Patricio Andrés; López Casanova, Mauricio Alejandro; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemA simple low-cost approach for transport parameter determination in mountain rivers(2021) Castillo, Daniela; Runkel, Robert L.; Duhalde, Denisse; Pasten Gonzalez, Pablo Arturo; Arumí, José L.; Oyarzún, Jorge; Núñez, Jorge; Maturana, Hugo; Oyarzún, Ricardo; CEDEUS (Chile)A simplified low-cost approach to experimentally determine transport parameters inmountain rivers is described,with an emphasis on the longitudinal dispersion coefficient(DL). The approach is based on a slug injectionof table salt (NaCl) as a tracer and specificconductance readings at different locations downstream of the injection spot. Observedspecific conductance readings are fit using the advection-dispersion equation withOTIS-P, yielding estimates of cross-sectional area and longitudinal dispersion coefficientfor various stream reaches. Estimates of theDLare used to assess the accuracy of sev-eral empirical equations reported in the literature. This allowed the determination ofcomplementary transport parameters related to transient storage zones. The empiricalequations yielded rather highDLvalues, with some reaching up an order of magnitudehigher to those obtained from tracer additions and OTIS-P. Overall, the proposedapproach seems reliable and pertinent for river reaches of ca. 150 m in length.
- ItemA “landscapes of power” framework for historical political ecology: The production of cultural hegemony in Araucanía-Wallmapu(2020) Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; Barton, Jonathan R.; CEDEUS (Chile)The region of Araucania, since its incorporation into the Republic of Chile, has been subject to significant territorial transformations. The Chilean State, supported by economic elites, the political class, and intellectuals have all contributed to the discursive positioning of, and the creation of artefacts in, this regional space. These devices for mobilising power have enabled an appropriation of nature – through natural resource exploitation – and an appropriation of land rights through property titles. The occupation of Araucania from the end of the 19th century was achieved principally through the artefacts of larger settlement consolidation, the railway network, and the building of roads. These were designed and imposed from Santiago through political and administrative channels based on an internal colonialism logic. Conflicts with indigenous Mapuche in Wallmapu (the Mapudungun name for their territory) arose as a consequence of asymmetries of power and this appropriation of space, including expulsion from their land, deforestation, increasing poverty due to restricted access to traditional resources, and epistemic violence through specific constructions of development and the subalterning of indigenous “others.” This historical political ecology not only reveals the expanding frontiers of extractivism and processes of accumulation in favour of national political and economic elites, but more importantly shows how the construction of cultural landscapes became a device for exercising power and justifying appropriation in pursuit of modernity, progress, and development. These landscapes of power evolved over time as different demands were placed on this territory: first as a wheat bowl, and second as forestry plantation. A “landscapes of power” framework is presented in order to work through these constructions of landscape, building on phenomenological and dwelling perspectives in order to focus on the role of cultural hegemony and power relations. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).
- ItemAccesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos según movilidad y modos de transporte en una ciudad media, Los Ángeles, Chile(Universidad Compultense Madrid, 2019) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Martínez Bascuñán, Marcela; De la Fuente Contreras, Helen; Schäfer Faulbaum, Andrés; Aguilera Saéz, Felipe; Fuentes Mella, Gloria; Peyrín Fuentes, Consuelo; Carrasco Montagna Cruz, Juan; CEDEUS (Chile)La relación entre distribución de equipamientos y servicios en sus diferentes ni-veles de accesibilidad según modos de transporte, muestra una serie de patrones espaciales de movilidad en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile). El estudio analiza la accesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos en modos de transporte, mediante una serie indicadores cuantitativos, utilizando análisis de redes. Se emplean datos de viajes en modos de transporte privado, público y caminata, de la encuesta Origen-Destino (2004). Los resultados evidencian diferencias en la accesibilidad entre el centro y periferia de Los Ángeles. De hecho, la población del centro tiene alta acce-sibilidad, concentrando las mayores y mejores oportunidades. En contraste, la po-blación periférica en crecimiento que, en su mayoría, viaja largas distancias para acceder, especialmente en caminata. Este análisis contribuye a discutir sobre las implicancias de las oportunidades y el papel del transporte en la movilidad de ciu-dades medias de Latinoamérica con un centro preponderante.
- ItemAcceso a la vivienda de la clase media en un mercado restrictivo: Estrategias residenciales adaptativas en el centro y pericentro de Santiago de Chile(2021) Suazo, Víctor; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)Se analizan las estrategias residenciales adaptativas de parejas jóvenes de clase media para comprar o arrendar departamentos en el centro y pericentro de Santiago de Chile. Desde una investigación cualitativa, se describen complejos despliegues de capital social y económico. Ante diferentes barreras legales o económicas de un mercado crecientemente financiarizado, se observa la recurrencia a terceros agentes económicos, la extensión del arriendo, la postergación de la emancipación residencial y del ciclo vital, y la institucionalización de lazos afectivos.
- ItemAccessibility disturbances to the biodiversity of urban wetlands due to built environment(2022) Jorquera Guajardo, Felipe Ignacio; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAccessibility: Enablement by access to valued opportunities(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAdaptive capacity as local sustainable development: contextualizing and comparing risks and resilience in two chilean regions(MDPI, 2021) Barton, Jonathan Richard; Gutiérrez-Antinopai, Felipe Aníbal; Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de GeografíaRegional resilience refers to an immanent condition for facing multiple risks on a permanent basis, both episodic and incremental. These risks are not only linked to natural disasters and climate change, but also to poverty and inequality of access to services such as health, and personal safety. This article considers the underlying conditions that shape regional resilience in Chile, based on inter-regional and intra-regional comparisons in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago and the Region of Araucanía. Instead of viewing resilience in terms of an ability to counter a single risk, the article highlights the fact that risks are multiple and overlapping over time and generated at different scales. Municipal level data on poverty, health, and public finances in the two regions reveal the contrasting underlying inequalities that point to regional mosaics of resilience rather than homogeneity. Different threats are superposed on these preexisting conditions of resilience. The article refers to three in particular: the 2010 Chilean earthquake (episodic); climate change (episodic and incremental); and the Covid-19 pandemic (episodic). The findings point to high levels of urban versus rural differentiation, and also high differentiation within the Santiago Metropolitan Area based on socio-economic conditions. This regional mosaic of underlying structural conditions suggests that regional resilience can be enhanced by engaging with structural socio-spatial inequalities rather than a focus on managing risks via siloed, threat-by-threat responses.
- ItemAir Bubbles as an Admixture for Printable Concrete: A Review of the Rheological Effect of Entrained Air(2022) Eugenin, C.; Navarrete, I.; Brevis Vergara, Wernher Ariel; Lopez, M.; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAnalysis and comparison of two vegetative roof heat and mass transfer models in three different climates(2019) Vera Araya, Sergio Eduardo; Pinto, Camilo; Tabares Velasco, Paulo César; Molina, Germán; Flamant, Gilles; Bustamante Gómez, Waldo; Pianella, Andrea; Kincaid, Nicholas; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAportes y desafíos del Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) a la conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile(Interuniversity Institute of Geography and University of Alicante, 2019) Henríquez Ruiz, Cristian Gonzalo; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de GeografíaEnvironmental impact assessment systems are preventive management instruments whose main objective is to include environmental considerations in the processes and activities accompanying economic growth in a nation. The influence of these systems in the conservation of biodiversity is fundamental, since within the evaluation process, they enable identifying and evaluating potential environmental impacts, as well as defining reparations, compensations, or mitigations. Halting the loss of biodiversity caused by human activities and climate change is a global objective. Chile is also facing this challenge, considering its status of Biodiversity Hotspot, projections associated with climate change, and the outstanding issues that the Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA) shows regarding biodiversity conservation. The latest, based on the lack of strategic view when considering issues such as the territorial scope of the environmental impacts generated by the projects, under a systemic and transversal approach. This research analyses the main changes experienced since the creation of SEIA, and compares this system with other evaluation systems used in Latin America. National statistics on investment projects potentially affecting the conservation of biodiversity are given. Two issues are addressed to guide discussion of the operational changes that should be encouraged by the Chilean government, namely: 1) internalising the importance of protecting biodiversity beyond current regulations, and; 2) introducing improvements in environmental legislation that could indirectly lead to improvements in SEIA. The research concludes on the importance of strengthening the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and its integration with the SEIA, in order to encourage better project designs by including sustainability from the beginning.
- ItemAssessing the impact of cycling infrastructure: A non-linear hedonic model for Santiago de Chile(2024) Vega, Rodrigo; Greene, Margarita; Ortuzar Salas, Juan De Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemAssessment of the Effect of Phase Change Material (PCM) Glazing on the Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort of an Office in a Semiarid Climate(2021) Daniel Uribe; Sergio Vera; CEDEUS (Chile)Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed facades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings' energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings' energy performance and occupants' thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented facade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consumption of the HVAC system, PCM glazing reduces energy consumption during summer and mid-seasons and significantly reduces the peak loads in summer. A meaningful improvement in thermal comfort is achieved due to the control of the mean radiant temperature for the whole year. Considering visual comfort, there is an improvement in the luminance distribution in winter and mid-season cold conditions.
- ItemAssociation between maternity leave policies and postpartum depression: a systematic review(Springer, 2023) Hidalgo-Padilla, Liliana; Toyama, Mauricio; Hanae, Jessica; Tanaka, Zafra; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; CEDEUS (Chile)Purpose: Working mothers are at greater risk for postpartum depression. Maternity leave characteristics, including length, wage replacement and employment protection, could have relevant implications for mothers’ mental health. We propose to explore whether there is an association between maternity leave characteristics and postpartum depression. Methods: We conducted a systematic review searching for randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, cohort or cross-sectional studies on five databases using search terms including maternity and parental leave and depression, as well as references in relevant articles. We identified 500 articles and included 23 of those. We used the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Paid and longer maternity leaves tend to be associated with a reduction of postpartum depression symptoms in high-income countries. No studies explored the association between employment protection and postpartum depression. The quality of studies ranged from strong to weak, mostly influenced by study design. Conclusion: More restrictive maternity leave policies tend to be associated with higher rates of postpartum depression, although more research needs to be conducted in the Global South.
- ItemBig data and policy making: between real time management and the experimental dimension of policies(2019) Concilio, Grazia; Pucci, Paola; Vecchio, Giovanni; Lanza, Giovanni; Misra, Sanjay; Gervasi, Osvaldo; Murgante, Beniamino; Stankova, Elena; Korkhov, Vladimir; Torre, Carmelo; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Taniar, David; Apduhan, Bernady O.; Tarantino, Eufemia; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemBig data: hidden challenges for a fair mobility planning(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemCapturing and analysing heterogeneity in residential greywater reuse preferences using a latent class model(2021) Amaris Castro, Gloria Estefany; Gironás León, Jorge Alfredo; Hess, S.; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; CEDEUS (Chile)
- ItemCerros isla en las ciudades de Chile: oportunidades para una planificación ecológica(Universidad de Chile. Instituto de la Vivienda, 2023) Picon Meleda, María Catalina; Contreras, Carolina; Berrizbeitia, Anita; Barrera, Francisco de la; Reyes-Paecke, Sonia; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de ArquitecturaIsland hills (IHs) represent elements of important natural and cultural heritage value. However, despite their notable presence in Latin American cities, there is little documented knowledge that may facilitate their recognition and incorporation into urban planning. The objective of this work is to identify, classify, and characterize the mostly non-urbanized IHs located within the urban area of the 16 regional capital cities of Chile. The 75 IHs identified were classified into three typologies and characterized according to their land coverage, buildings, and associated regulations. In the 16 cities, there are 32 urban island hills, 24 urban hills on the urban edge, and 19 hills that are part of mountain ridges on the urban edge, concentrated in Santiago, Concepción and Copiapó. These covers consisting of by native forest, shrublands, and forestry plantations in the southern part of the country, and soils with scarce vegetation in the northern area, reflecting the geographic diversity as well as the pressures and uses that exist in the territory. Thus, Concepción’s IHs have 30% or more of their surface covered by forestry plantations; and of the total, 83% of the IHs have built elements and 36% have heritage elements. In terms of urban regulations, there is no typical zoning for hills, and diverse uses coexist.