ANID

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Browsing ANID by browse.metadata.fuente "Historial Académico"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Climate change impacts on invasive potential of pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), in Chile
    (2013) Jara Contreras, Valentina Isabel; Meza, Francisco Javier; Zaviezo Palacios, Tania; Chorbadjian Alonso, Rodrigo Armen
    Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudoccidae) is an important pest in many countries being responsible for considerable economic loses. Although it is not currently present in Chile, the chance that it could be accidentally introduced rises with the list of infested countries increasing over the last years. In addition, climate change projections indicate that a larger region would fit as potential habitat for this pest, allowing it to persist over time and colonize a larger proportion of the Chilean territory. In this study the geographic distribution and the number of generations this mealybug would develop in Chile were determined, under current temperatures and under two projected climatic scenarios. Cumulative degree days were calculated for current and future scenarios using a lower temperature threshold of 14.5 degrees C, with 624.5 degree-days as the thermal requirement for the species to complete one generation. The results show that under current climate conditions M. hirsutus could develop up to three generations in the north of the country (i.e. 18 degrees South) and one generation in the region near 37 degrees South. Under future scenarios' conditions the pest could develop up to five generations in the north, and one generation around the 42 degrees South. Present climate conditions in Chile would allow the establishment of the pink hibiscus mealybug, if the pest enters the country. Climate change conditions would allow the potentially invaded area to expand south, and would promote the development of more generations per year of the mealybug in the studied territory.
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    Mentorías en Chile: de la política diseñada a la puesta en acto
    (2021) Salas Aguayo, Macarena; Díaz Sacco, Alessandra; Medina Morales, Lorena
    La presente investigación busca ahondar en los desafíos y propuestas que emergen de la experiencia de mentores y principiantes en la reciente puesta en acto del sistema de mentorías en Chile. Para ello se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo que profundiza en los discursos de cuatro duplas de mentores y principiantes, que surgen de la actualización de esta ley relevando sus contextos de práctica. Los hallazgos evidencian la importancia que adquiere la comunidad para los procesos de inserción de docentes nóveles, ciertos saberes y condiciones que mediarían la relación entre mentor y principiante, y la percepción del propio rol que no resulta del todo definida. Con esta investigación, se espera contribuir a los procesos de mentoría que se desarrollan internacionalmente y a generar propuestas de mejora que consideren la voz de los actores.
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    nAChR-induced octopamine release mediates the effect of nicotine on a startle response in Drosophila melanogaster
    (2013) Fuenzalida Uribe, Nicolás Leonardo; Meza Cárdenas, Rodrigo Alexis; Hoffmann, Hernán A.; Varas Orozco, Rodrigo; Campusano Astorga, Jorge Mauricio
    Biogenic amines (BAs) play a central role in the generation of complex behaviors in vertebrates and invertebrates, including the fly Drosophila melanogaster. The comparative advantages of Drosophila as a genetic model to study the contribution of BAs to behaviors stumble upon the difficulty to access the fly brain to ask relevant physiological questions. For instance, it is not known whether the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) induces the release of BAs in fly brain, a phenomenon associated to several behaviors in vertebrates. Here, we describe a new preparation to study the efflux of BAs in the adult fly brain by in vitro chronoamperometry. Using this preparation we show that nAChR agonists including nicotine induce a fast, transient, dose-dependent efflux of endogenous BAs, an effect mediated by -bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChRs. By using different genetic tools we demonstrate that the BA whose efflux is induced by nAChR activation is octopamine (Oct). Furthermore, we show that the impairment of a mechanically induced startle response after nicotine exposure is not observed in flies deficient in Oct transmission. Thus, our data show that the efflux of BAs in Drosophila brain is increased by nAChR activation as in vertebrates, and that then AChR-induced Oct release could have implications in a nicotine-induced behavioral response.
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    Percepción de los estudiantes de kinesiología sobre la incorporación de la metodología b-learning y uso de dispositivos móviles en el curso de análisis del movimiento
    (2019) Delgado Bravo, Mauricio Antonio; Cerda Vega, Enrique; Villagran Gutiérrez, Ignacio Andrés; Fuentes López, Eduardo
    Introducción: el aumento del número de estudiantes en carreras de la salud hace necesario incluir nuevas metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La literatura avala el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) y el b-learning como recursos para abordar esta problemática. El propósito fue evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de kinesiología sobre la incorporación de TICs y b-learning en el curso Análisis del Movimiento. Material y Método: se aplicó un cuestionario a 94 estudiantes. Se determinó evidencia de validez de constructo a través de análisis confirmatorio de factores y confiabilidad mediante Alpha de Cronbach. Se estimó la mediana (Q1-Q3) de cada dimensión, determinando posibles diferencias mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: se definió una encuesta con 5 dimensiones y 27 ítems. Los enunciados cargaron en las 5 dimensiones. El coeficiente de Alpha de Cronbach fue de α=0,83. Los resultados según la Mediana (Q1-Q3) por dimensión fueron: Percepción General de la Metodología 4,83 (4,67-5), Percepción de los materiales utilizados 4,75 (4,5-5), Percepción del Autoaprendizaje 4,09 (3,82-4,27), Interacción con los docentes y compañeros 4,75 (4,25-5), Evaluación 5 (4,67-5) y la nota global fue de 6 (6-7). Discusión: el cuestionario posee adecuada evidencia de validez y confiabilidad, hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre dimensiones, especialmente en Percepción del Autoaprendizaje. A Los estudiantes valoran positivamente la organización en los procesos de innovación en metodologías de enseñanza y evaluación, el uso de sistemas digitales como facilitadores de su aprendizaje y la oportunidad de aprendizaje autónomo.
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    Willingness to pay for social housing attributes: a case study from Chile
    (2002) Greene, Margarita; Ortúzar, Juan de Dios
    In the past 25 years social housing programmes in Chile have taken three basic forms. During the military regime the traditional basic housing and a neighbourhood upgrading programme operated, while in 1990 the new democratic authorities added the progressive housing line of action. As there was scope for improving these programmes, a research project was set up with the aim of first identifying, and then finding, the relative importance of social housing attributes for different types of dwellers. Three surveys were considered in the project: a two-wave Delphi survey to specialists in the field and a focus group survey to current and potential beneficiaries, in order to identify the most relevant housing attributes, and a stated-preference survey to a sample of five types of social housing dwellers. With the latter data discrete choice models were estimated, which allowed the relative weight of (and subjective valuation, or willingness to pay for) each such attribute to be determined. The methodological features of the project are presented and its main results are discussed.