Colecciones Institucionales

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Browsing Colecciones Institucionales by browse.metadata.categoria "Ciencias sociales"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 1916
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    20 años de "Humanae Vitae".
    (1988) Romo Pérez, Waldo
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    A Community Disaster Resilience Index for Chile
    (2023) Bronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela AlondraBronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra
    Although Chile is one of the countries most exposed to natural hazards, to date there is no national index that shows the differences in resilience levels within the country. This study develops a community resilience index on a national scale based on the Baseline Resilience Community (BRIC) index. The BRIC index for Chile was built with 49 indicators, from different sources at the district level. Our results determined that resilience is not distributed homogeneously throughout the country. The highest levels of resilience are concentrated in the central macro-zone. In comparison, the extreme zones of Chile focus close to 90% of their population in the lowest levels, accounting for an uneven distribution of resources and services that impact resilience levels. These differences were mainly explained by indicators such as the percentage of the population without a health insurance system, the percentage of the population without internet access, and the percentage of electoral participation, among others. The results demonstrate that the BRIC model can be successfully implemented to assess community resilience in Chile and suggests the possibility of targeting resources and strategies to increase resilience in areas with the lowest levels of community resilience.
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    A comparison of bus passengers' and car drivers' valuation of casualty risk reductions in their routes
    (2019) Flugel, Stefan; Veisten, Knut; Rizzi Campanella, Luis Ignacio; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Elvik, Rune; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    A comprehensive perspective of unreliable public transport services' costs
    (2020) Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Soza Parra, Jaime Antonio; Raveau Feliú, Sebastián; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    A congested and dwell time dependent transit corridor assignment model
    (2016) Borja, Alonso; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Ibeas Henríquez, Miguel Ángel; Moura, José, Luis; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    A defence of participation income
    (2016) Pérez Muñoz, Cristian
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    A GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA AND PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE
    (2020) Harrison, R; Silva, Francisco Andre Alves da
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    A hybrid deterministic and stochastic approach for tsunami hazard assessment in Iquique, Chile
    (2020) González, J; González, G; Aránguiz, R; Melgar, D; Zamora, N; Shrivastava, MN; Das, R; Catalán, PA; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto
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    A method for solving the multi-objective transit frequency optimization problem
    (2016) Giesen Encina, Ricardo; Martínez, H.; Mauttone, A.; Urquhart, M.; CEDEUS (Chile)
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    A methodology for integrated critical spare parts and insurance management
    (2016) Martínez, A.; Pascual, R.; Maturana Valderrama, Sergio
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    A Multidimensional Approach for Measuring Meritocratic Beliefs: Advantages, Limitations and Alternatives to the ISSP Social Inequality Survey
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis LTD, 2023) Castillo, Juan Carlos; Iturra, Julio; Maldonado Navarro, Luis Edgardo; Atria, Jorge; Meneses, Francisco
    A great part of the comparative international research that has attempted to measure meritocratic beliefs has used the social inequality module of the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), which offers an unprecedented opportunity to compare meritocratic views in different societies. Based on a series of studies using ISSP data, the present paper proposes a multidimensional measurement framework for meritocratic beliefs. This framework distinguishes, on the one side, between perceptions and preferences and, on the other side, between meritocratic and not meritocratic aspects. In the first study, we test the multidimensional framework for meritocratic beliefs using the ISSP 2009 inequality module through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques. After identifying the advantages and some limitations of ISSP items for a multidimensional operationalization of meritocratic beliefs, in a second study, we suggest a modified set of items that better taps the different dimensions of meritocracy. We examined the measuring properties of this new instrument using a sample of Chilean adults (N = 2,141). Based on these results, we recommend improvements in measuring meritocratic beliefs in cross-national studies.
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    A new methodology to assess the performance and uncertainty of source apportionment models II : The results of two European intercomparison exercises
    (2015) Belis, C. A.; Karagulian, F.; Amato, F.; Almeida, M.; Artaxo, P.; Jorquera, Héctor
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    A new piece of the puzzle: slag and ore analysis to reconstruct the prehispanic smelting technology at the Atacama Desert, Chile
    (SPRINGER, 2023) Plaza, Maria Teresa; Garrido, Francisco; Larreina-García, David
    The Incas appropriated many local metallurgical technologies throughout the Andes, each of which had its unique peculiarities and was based on local ancestral knowledge. The widespread use of tin-bronze during the Inca expansion, the development of mining and smelting sites, as well as ethno-historical records evidence the Incas' interest in copper smelting, a key activity in the Andes since ca. 1400 BC. However, little is known about the technical parameters achieved by ancient metallurgists and the changes that occurred during the Inca expansion. In this paper, we address these changes through a case study of Copiapo valley, focusing on the Vina del Cerro site, one of the most famous Inca smelting centres of the southern Andes. Although this place was architectonically restructured by the Incas, its operations began long before the imperial expansion and used wind-powered furnaces. We analysed 19 slag and 11 copper ore samples using OM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and XRD analyses. Results identified heterogeneous and viscous slags, rich in SiO2 (43 wt%) and poor in FeO (13 wt%). Copper retention was high (up to 60 wt%). Microstructural analyses indicate that slags were formed under unstable oxidising conditions, reaching temperatures that ranged between 1000 to 1100 & DEG;C. The copper produced was very pure. High-grade copper ores containing up to 69 wt% CuO were reduced at the site, combining carbonates (malachite, azurite), halides (buttgenbachite, clinoatacamite), and some sulphates (brochantite). We propose that even under the relatively unfavourable conditions for slag formation, the smelting conditions generated at Vina del Cerro were competent enough to extract metal, but not necessarily enough to form liquid slag. These conditions were facilitated by the local metallurgists' thorough knowledge of the wind flow and their ability to select the right ore. This new information contributes to understanding the efficiency of metallurgical technology and the knowledge, skills, and adaptability of the ancient metallurgists from Copiapo valley, a group that was integrated into the economic networks of the Inca Empire.
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    A reconfiguration of fire station and fleet locations for the Santiago Fire Department
    (2016) Pérez, J.; Maldonado, S.; Marianov Kluge, Vladimir
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    A sustainability index for anthropized and urbanized coasts: The case of Concon Bay, central Chile
    (2020) Martínez Reyes, Carolina del Pilar; López, Pablo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Qüense, Jorge; Hidalgo, Rodrigo; Arenas, Federico
    The level of anthmpization in one of the most urbanized areas of central Chile (Concon Bay, 33 degrees S) is analyzed using a Coastal Sustainability Index (CSI). It is constructed from variables associated with driving forces (pressures) acting on geomorphological units with a known level of fragility (reference). The coastal conservation and intervention status was determined using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio models combined with GIS. A correlation between driving forces and a high level of sustainability indicates a high degree of conservation of these geomorphological units, while a correlation between driving forces and a moderate or low level of sustainability indicates a high degree of intervention and little conservation of these natural units. It was established that 89.7% of the total area of ConcOn Bay presented low or moderate levels of sustainability, associated with residential and industrial uses and proximity to major roads. The high sustainability areas account for only 10.3% of the total area and consist of wetlands, beaches and dune fields that are under great pressure from real estate projects and various economic activities. Based on this index and the determination of areas with different sustainability levels, it is possible to orient decision making in land-use planning to control the driving forces in highly anthmpized, urbanized coastal zones in order to incorporate conservation measures for coastal ecosystems of high natural and cultural value.
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    A typology of school-based mentoring relationship quality: Implications for recruiting and retaining volunteer mentors
    (2018) McMorris, Barbara J.; Doty, Jennifer L.; Weiler, Lindsey M.; Beckman, Kara J.; Garcia-Huidobro, Diego
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    A “landscapes of power” framework for historical political ecology: The production of cultural hegemony in Araucanía-Wallmapu
    (2020) Escalona Ulloa, Miguel; Barton, Jonathan R.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The region of Araucania, since its incorporation into the Republic of Chile, has been subject to significant territorial transformations. The Chilean State, supported by economic elites, the political class, and intellectuals have all contributed to the discursive positioning of, and the creation of artefacts in, this regional space. These devices for mobilising power have enabled an appropriation of nature – through natural resource exploitation – and an appropriation of land rights through property titles. The occupation of Araucania from the end of the 19th century was achieved principally through the artefacts of larger settlement consolidation, the railway network, and the building of roads. These were designed and imposed from Santiago through political and administrative channels based on an internal colonialism logic. Conflicts with indigenous Mapuche in Wallmapu (the Mapudungun name for their territory) arose as a consequence of asymmetries of power and this appropriation of space, including expulsion from their land, deforestation, increasing poverty due to restricted access to traditional resources, and epistemic violence through specific constructions of development and the subalterning of indigenous “others.” This historical political ecology not only reveals the expanding frontiers of extractivism and processes of accumulation in favour of national political and economic elites, but more importantly shows how the construction of cultural landscapes became a device for exercising power and justifying appropriation in pursuit of modernity, progress, and development. These landscapes of power evolved over time as different demands were placed on this territory: first as a wheat bowl, and second as forestry plantation. A “landscapes of power” framework is presented in order to work through these constructions of landscape, building on phenomenological and dwelling perspectives in order to focus on the role of cultural hegemony and power relations. The information, practices and views in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG).