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Browsing Colecciones Institucionales by browse.metadata.categoria "Ciencias sociales"
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- Item20 años de "Humanae Vitae".(1988) Romo Pérez, Waldo
- Item3rd ICTs and society meeting; paper session - inequalities: Social, economic and political; paper 6: Implications and precisions about digital exclusion in the UK and Chile(2010) Helsper, E.; Godoy Etcheverry, Sergio
- ItemA ciencia cierta, el papel de los "papers" (efectos del arribismo científico en las humanidades)(2013) Chiuminatto, Pablo
- ItemA Community Disaster Resilience Index for Chile(2023) Bronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela AlondraBronfman, Nicolás; Castañeda González, Javiera Valentina; Guerrero Mancilla, Nikole Fernanda; Cisternas, Pamela; Repetto Lisboa, Paula Beatriz; Martínez, Carolina; Chamorro Giné, Marcela AlondraAlthough Chile is one of the countries most exposed to natural hazards, to date there is no national index that shows the differences in resilience levels within the country. This study develops a community resilience index on a national scale based on the Baseline Resilience Community (BRIC) index. The BRIC index for Chile was built with 49 indicators, from different sources at the district level. Our results determined that resilience is not distributed homogeneously throughout the country. The highest levels of resilience are concentrated in the central macro-zone. In comparison, the extreme zones of Chile focus close to 90% of their population in the lowest levels, accounting for an uneven distribution of resources and services that impact resilience levels. These differences were mainly explained by indicators such as the percentage of the population without a health insurance system, the percentage of the population without internet access, and the percentage of electoral participation, among others. The results demonstrate that the BRIC model can be successfully implemented to assess community resilience in Chile and suggests the possibility of targeting resources and strategies to increase resilience in areas with the lowest levels of community resilience.
- ItemA comparison of bus passengers' and car drivers' valuation of casualty risk reductions in their routes(2019) Flugel, Stefan; Veisten, Knut; Rizzi Campanella, Luis Ignacio; Ortúzar Salas, Juan de Dios; Elvik, Rune
- ItemA comprehensive perspective of unreliable public transport services' costs(2020) Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Soza Parra, Jaime Antonio; Raveau Feliú, Sebastián
- ItemA congested and dwell time dependent transit corridor assignment model(2016) Borja, Alonso; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Ibeas Henríquez, Miguel Ángel; Moura, José, Luis
- ItemA defence of participation income(2016) Pérez Muñoz, Cristian
- ItemA GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA AND PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE(2020) Harrison, R; Silva, Francisco Andre Alves da
- ItemA hybrid deterministic and stochastic approach for tsunami hazard assessment in Iquique, Chile(2020) González, J; González, G; Aránguiz, R; Melgar, D; Zamora, N; Shrivastava, MN; Das, R; Catalán, PA; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto
- ItemA method for solving the multi-objective transit frequency optimization problem(2016) Giesen Encina, Ricardo; Martínez, H.; Mauttone, A.; Urquhart, M.
- ItemA methodology for integrated critical spare parts and insurance management(2016) Martínez, A.; Pascual, R.; Maturana Valderrama, Sergio
- ItemA Multidimensional Approach for Measuring Meritocratic Beliefs: Advantages, Limitations and Alternatives to the ISSP Social Inequality Survey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis LTD, 2023) Castillo, Juan Carlos; Iturra, Julio; Maldonado Navarro, Luis Edgardo; Atria, Jorge; Meneses, FranciscoA great part of the comparative international research that has attempted to measure meritocratic beliefs has used the social inequality module of the ISSP (International Social Survey Programme), which offers an unprecedented opportunity to compare meritocratic views in different societies. Based on a series of studies using ISSP data, the present paper proposes a multidimensional measurement framework for meritocratic beliefs. This framework distinguishes, on the one side, between perceptions and preferences and, on the other side, between meritocratic and not meritocratic aspects. In the first study, we test the multidimensional framework for meritocratic beliefs using the ISSP 2009 inequality module through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques. After identifying the advantages and some limitations of ISSP items for a multidimensional operationalization of meritocratic beliefs, in a second study, we suggest a modified set of items that better taps the different dimensions of meritocracy. We examined the measuring properties of this new instrument using a sample of Chilean adults (N = 2,141). Based on these results, we recommend improvements in measuring meritocratic beliefs in cross-national studies.
- ItemA new methodology to assess the performance and uncertainty of source apportionment models II : The results of two European intercomparison exercises(2015) Belis, C. A.; Karagulian, F.; Amato, F.; Almeida, M.; Artaxo, P.; Jorquera, Héctor
- ItemA new piece of the puzzle: slag and ore analysis to reconstruct the prehispanic smelting technology at the Atacama Desert, Chile(SPRINGER, 2023) Plaza, Maria Teresa; Garrido, Francisco; Larreina-García, DavidThe Incas appropriated many local metallurgical technologies throughout the Andes, each of which had its unique peculiarities and was based on local ancestral knowledge. The widespread use of tin-bronze during the Inca expansion, the development of mining and smelting sites, as well as ethno-historical records evidence the Incas' interest in copper smelting, a key activity in the Andes since ca. 1400 BC. However, little is known about the technical parameters achieved by ancient metallurgists and the changes that occurred during the Inca expansion. In this paper, we address these changes through a case study of Copiapo valley, focusing on the Vina del Cerro site, one of the most famous Inca smelting centres of the southern Andes. Although this place was architectonically restructured by the Incas, its operations began long before the imperial expansion and used wind-powered furnaces. We analysed 19 slag and 11 copper ore samples using OM, SEM-EDS, WD-XRF, and XRD analyses. Results identified heterogeneous and viscous slags, rich in SiO2 (43 wt%) and poor in FeO (13 wt%). Copper retention was high (up to 60 wt%). Microstructural analyses indicate that slags were formed under unstable oxidising conditions, reaching temperatures that ranged between 1000 to 1100 & DEG;C. The copper produced was very pure. High-grade copper ores containing up to 69 wt% CuO were reduced at the site, combining carbonates (malachite, azurite), halides (buttgenbachite, clinoatacamite), and some sulphates (brochantite). We propose that even under the relatively unfavourable conditions for slag formation, the smelting conditions generated at Vina del Cerro were competent enough to extract metal, but not necessarily enough to form liquid slag. These conditions were facilitated by the local metallurgists' thorough knowledge of the wind flow and their ability to select the right ore. This new information contributes to understanding the efficiency of metallurgical technology and the knowledge, skills, and adaptability of the ancient metallurgists from Copiapo valley, a group that was integrated into the economic networks of the Inca Empire.
- ItemA path to peace: A comparative study of practitioners’ views of juvenile restorative justice in Chile, England, Italy, and Sweden(2017) Reyes Quilodrán, Claudia; LaBrenz, Catherine Anne; Donoso, G.
- ItemA reconfiguration of fire station and fleet locations for the Santiago Fire Department(2016) Pérez, J.; Maldonado, S.; Marianov Kluge, Vladimir
- ItemA sustainability index for anthropized and urbanized coasts: The case of Concon Bay, central Chile(2020) Martínez Reyes, Carolina del Pilar; López, Pablo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Qüense, Jorge; Hidalgo, Rodrigo; Arenas, FedericoThe level of anthmpization in one of the most urbanized areas of central Chile (Concon Bay, 33 degrees S) is analyzed using a Coastal Sustainability Index (CSI). It is constructed from variables associated with driving forces (pressures) acting on geomorphological units with a known level of fragility (reference). The coastal conservation and intervention status was determined using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio models combined with GIS. A correlation between driving forces and a high level of sustainability indicates a high degree of conservation of these geomorphological units, while a correlation between driving forces and a moderate or low level of sustainability indicates a high degree of intervention and little conservation of these natural units. It was established that 89.7% of the total area of ConcOn Bay presented low or moderate levels of sustainability, associated with residential and industrial uses and proximity to major roads. The high sustainability areas account for only 10.3% of the total area and consist of wetlands, beaches and dune fields that are under great pressure from real estate projects and various economic activities. Based on this index and the determination of areas with different sustainability levels, it is possible to orient decision making in land-use planning to control the driving forces in highly anthmpized, urbanized coastal zones in order to incorporate conservation measures for coastal ecosystems of high natural and cultural value.
- ItemA typology of school-based mentoring relationship quality: Implications for recruiting and retaining volunteer mentors(2018) McMorris, Barbara J.; Doty, Jennifer L.; Weiler, Lindsey M.; Beckman, Kara J.; Garcia-Huidobro, Diego
- ItemAbuelas cuidadoras chilenas: voces de niños, niñas y abuelas que participan activamente en su crianza(2018) Ortúzar Lyon, Catalina; Olivari Pina, Carmen; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de PsicologíaEl trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio cuyo objetivo fue conocer cuáles son los significados que nietos/as y abuelas atribuyen a la relación entre ambos/as cuando sus abuelas participan activamente en su crianza. La metodología cualitativa propicia la comprensión del fenómeno desde la experiencia de los/as propios/as participantes, incluyendo en este estudio las voces de niños y niñas durante la experiencia en la infancia y las voces de las propias abuelas. El cuidado de nietos/as por parte de abuelos/as se produce de manera frecuente como una configuración en torno al apoyo a las figuras parentales mientras éstas trabajan. De esta manera, el objeto de estudio es el cuidado que se produce de manera auxiliar, sin sustituir roles parentales. Se conceptualiza el cuidado auxiliar como un cuidado diario, altruista, es decir sin remuneración asociada, que dura alrededor de cuatro horas diarias en el horario de tarde o noche luego que los niños salen del colegio y mientras los padres trabajan (Pérez, 2006; Triadó, Villar, Celdrán & Conde Sala, 2006). La situación de cuidado auxiliar es más frecuente que el papel de cuidadores primarios y ha recibido menos atención científica. En Chile, un 40% de los/as adultos/as mayores declara cuidar nietos/as (Centro de Estudios de Vejez y Envejecimiento UC, 2013) y en la región Metropolitana un 42% de los/as niños/as declara que en su crianza participa un tercer adulto significativo (UNICEF, 2008). Observar esta configuración familiar resulta importante en relación al bienestar tanto de las abuelas como de los/as nietos/as. A sí mismo, visibilizar posibles conflictos o malestares en sus experiencias permite desarrollar los apoyos necesarios para las familias desde los servicios sociales y de salud. Se realizaron múltiples dispositivos para la producción de datos, que fueron analizados según la Teoría Fundamentada. Los resultados sugieren, como fenómenos centrales, que los cuidados provistos por las abuelas tienen un aspecto importante de rutina que les permite realizar diversas tareas domésticas, cuidar a múltiples nietos, poder proveer de espacios de recreación compartidos con sus nietos/as y sentirse eficaces en su rol de cuidadoras. Las abuelas tienden a permanecer en su rol de cuidadoras, en diversas condiciones familiares, que les otorga un estatus a nivel familiar como referente en la crianza y las hace sentirse activas y vigentes en la familia. La relación de abuelidad es una relación basada en el afecto compartido, que es vivido por los/as niños/as como una relación de incondicionalidad, sus abuelas son significadas como cercanas, afectuosas y protectoras.