Browsing by Author "Yanez, F"
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- ItemImproving physical fitness and emotional well-being in adolescents of low socioeconomic status in Chile: results of a school-based controlled trial(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2005) Bonhauser, M; Fernandez, G; Puschel, K; Yanez, F; Montero, J; Thompson, B; Coronado, GRegular physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. Among adolescents, physical activity is associated with benefits in the prevention and control of emotional distress, and improvement of self-esteem. Countries in transitional epidemiological scenarios, such as Chile, need to develop effective strategies to improve physical activity as a way to face the epidemic of chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based physical activity program on physical fitness and mental health status of adolescents living in a low socioeconomic status area in Santiago, Chile. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of the program over one academic year. The study included 198 students aged 15 years old. Two ninth grade classes were randomly selected as the intervention group, with two classes of the same grade as controls. A social planning approach was used to develop the intervention. The program was designed and implemented based on student preferences, teachers' expertise and local resources. Changes in physiological and mental health status were assessed. After the intervention, maximum oxygen capacity achieved a significant increase of 8.5% in the intervention versus 1.8% in the control group (p < 0.0001). Speed and jump performance scores improved significantly more in the intervention versus the control group (p > 0.01). Anxiety score decreased 13.7% in the intervention group versus 2.8% in the control group (p < 0.01), and self-esteem score increased 2.3% in the intervention group and decreased 0.1% in the control group after the end of the program (p < 0.0001). No significant change was observed in the depressive score. Student participation and compliance with the program was > 80%. To conclude, a school-based program to improve physical activity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status, obtained a high level of participation and achieved significant benefits in terms of physical fitness and mental health status.
- ItemValve repair surgery for incompetent bicuspid aortic valves(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2005) Zalaquett, R; Campla, C; Scheu, M; Cordova, S; Becker, P; Moran, S; Irarrazaval, MJ; Baeza, C; Arretz, C; Braun, S; Chamorro, G; Godoy, I; Yanez, FBackground Surgical valve repair is a good alternative for correction of incompetent bicuspid aortic valve. Aim: to report the early and late surgical, clinical and ecochardiographic results of surgical repair of incompetent bicuspid aortic valves. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 18 patients aged 19 to 61 years, with incompetent bicuspid aortic valve in whom a valve repair was performed. Four patients had infections endocarditis and 17 were in functional class I or II. Follow up ranged from 3 10 113 months after surgery. Results: A triangular resection of the prolapsing larger cusp, which included the middle raphe, was performed in 17 cases, in 73 of these, a complementary subcommisural annuloplasty was performed. In the remaining case, with a perforation of the non-coronary cusp, a pericardial patch was implanted; this procedure was also performed in 2 other cases. In 3 cases large vegetations were removed. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiography showed no regurgitation in 11 patients (62%) and mild regurgitation in 7 (38%). There was no operative morbidity or mortality. There were no deaths during the follow-up period. In,3 patients (17%) the aortic valve was replaced with a mechanical prosthesis, 8 to 108 months after the first operation. Reoperation wets not needed in 93% 6,4% at 1 year and 85% 9,5% at 5 years, these patients were all in functional class 1 (it the end of the follow-lip period. 60% bad no aortic regurgitation, 20% had mild and 20% moderate aortic regurgitation on echocardiographic examination. A significant reduction of the diastolic diameter of the left ventricle was observed but there were no significant changes in systolic diameter or shortening fraction. Conclusions Surgical repair of incompetent bicuspid aortic valves has low operative morbidity and mortality and has a low risk of reoperation.