Browsing by Author "Videla, Luis A."

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    ANTI-STEATOTIC EFFECTS OF DOCOSAEXAENOIC ACID AND HYDROXYTYROSOL IN THE LIVER OF MICE FED A HIGH-FAT DIET: PPAR-A AND NRF2 UP-REGULATION, AND OF SRBP-1C AND NF-KB DOWN-REGULATION
    (2017) Valenzuela Baez, Rodrigo Wladmir; Echeverria, Francisca; Soto Alarcon, Sandra Anakaren; Orellana, Paula; Rincon-Cervera, Miguel Angel; Vargas, Romina; Valenzuela, Alfonso; Videla, Luis A.
    Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipids, being insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and a drastic depletion of n-3 LCPUFA the main expressions of the disease. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3) controls liver lipid metabolism by stimulation of lipolysis and inhibition of lipogenesis and Hydroxytyrosol (HT) exhibits strong tissue cytoprotective effects. Objetive: To evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects of a mixture of DHA and HT (DHA /HT), to prevent the development of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received control diet (CD) (10% fat) or high fat diet (HFD - 60% fat), non-supplemented/ supplemented of DHA (50 mg per kg per day)/ HT (5 mg per kg per day) for 12 weeks. Parameters studied included liver histology (optical microscopy), activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (by spectrophotometry), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactants, and the antioxidant capacity of plasma), gene expression assays for PPAR-α, Nrf2, SREBP-1c and NF-κB (qPCR and ELISA), and LCPUFA profiles in liver (gas-liquid chromatography). Results: Results: HFD induced (i) liver steatosis (increasing total fat, triacylglycerols and free fatty acid content), (ii) higher fasting serum glucose, insulin levels and HOMA index, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, TNF-α and IL-6, (iii) liver and plasma oxidative stress enhancement, (iv) depletion of n-3 LCPUFA content of liver phospholipids, increasing lipogenic and reducing lipolytic enzyme activities (v) down-regulation of PPAR-α and Nrf2, and (vi) up-regulation of SREBP-1c and NF-kB (gene expression and DNA binding activity). These changes were either reduced (p < 0.05) or normalized (compared to CD) in animals feed HFD supplemented with DHA/HT. Conclusions: DHA/HT intervention exerts anti-steatotic effects underling antioxidants and anti-inflammatory responses by improving insulin sensitivity and recovering the lipolytic/lipogenic status of the liver altered by HFD, being PPAR-α and Nrf2 up-regulation, together with SREBP-1c and NF-κB down-regulation important molecular mechanisms involved in the protective action of DHA/HT. These effects may support the potential therapeutic use of DHA/HT supplementation in the treatment of liver steatosis induced by nutritional factors and/or other etiologies. Keywords: Anti-steatotic effects; docosahexaenoic acid; hydroxytyrosol; antioxidant effects ; antiinflammatory effects
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    Dietary and Nutritional Interventions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatrics
    (2023) Farías, Camila; Cisternas, Camila; Gana Ansaldo, Juan Cristóbal; Alberti, Gigliola; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Videla, Luis A.; Mercado, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is pediatrics’ most common chronic liver disease. The incidence is high in children and adolescents with obesity, which is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Currently, there is no effective drug therapy in pediatrics; therefore, lifestyle interventions remain the first line of treatment. This review aims to present an updated compilation of the scientific evidence for treating this pathology, including lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and dietary changes, highlighting specific nutritional strategies. The bibliographic review was carried out in different databases, including studies within the pediatric population where dietary and/or nutritional interventions were used to treat NAFLD. Main interventions include diets low in carbohydrates, free sugars, fructose, and lipids, in addition to healthy eating patterns and possible nutritional interventions with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), amino acids (cysteine, L-carnitine), cysteamine, vitamins, and probiotics (one strain or multi-strain). Lifestyle changes remain the main recommendation for children with NAFLD. Nevertheless, more studies are required to elucidate the effectiveness of specific nutrients and bioactive compounds in this population.
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    N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases
    (2022) Zúñiga-Hernández, Jessica; Sambra, Verónica; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Videla, Luis A.; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) and their lipid mediators are known to have an inflammation pro-resolution effect. The effects of these n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are beginning to be understood. Consequently, this article aims to analyze the influence of n-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators on the inflammatory response in respiratory health, emphasizing recent data concerning their beneficial effects in the prevention and possible treatment of different respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, airway allergic syndromes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review includes studies regarding the effects of EPA, DHA, and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) on in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory disease, concluding that EPA and DHA have a positive impact in attenuating the pro-inflammatory response in respiratory diseases, reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, fever and difficulty in breathing. Controversial data reported are probably due to differences in several factors, including the dosages, administration vehicles, and the supplementation times employed, which are aspects that remain to be addressed in future studies.