Browsing by Author "Vecchio, Giovanni"
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- ItemA bumpy ride: structural inequalities, quality standards, and institutional limitations affecting cycling infrastructure(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Mora Vega, Rodrigo; Oyarzun, Gabriel; Vergara, Jaime; Vecchio, GiovanniStructural socio-economic and institutional limitations can affect the implementation of cycling infrastructure. More stringent cycling infrastructure standards aiming to solve deficiencies might exacerbate disparities, especially in poor districts with fragmentary governance. Using an audit and quantitative and spatial analysis of cycleways, this paper examines to what extent structural inequalities and governance issues affect the availability and quality of cycling infrastructure, considering new indicative and normative standards aiming at improving cycling infrastructure in Santiago, Chile. Our results show that the distribution of cycleways is unequal and only partially complies with national quality standards. All districts in the city have both high and low standard bicycle lanes, but since district finances have huge differences, this can lead to inequalities in cycle coverage and districts' capabilities to address current standard problems. This raises relevant challenges regarding governance and how to ensure an equitable distribution of cycling infrastructure in Global South cities.
- ItemAccessibility and the Capabilities Approach: a review of the literature and proposal for conceptual advancements(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Martens, KarelThe Capability Approach, developed by Sen and Nussbaum, has recently gained increasing attention in the transport literature. This paper adds to this growing body of literature by investigating how the approach can generate consistent evaluative approaches to inform (urban) transport planning. The paper reviews the mobility literature that has investigated the Capabilities Approach and identifies the opportunities and challenges of employing the approach as a basis for transport planning. The review highlights the different, and sometimes patchy, ways in which the key notions of the approach have been conceptualised and operationalised. Discussing this growing but scattered literature, the paper embraces the emerging direction that understands accessibility as the capability that transport planning and policy should consider. Further refining this understanding, the paper proposes a twofold evaluative approach combining a top-down and a bottom-up component to capture the myriad of conversion factors shaping people's accessibility-as-capability and functioning. By systematically adopting the Capabilities Approach, transport planning and mobility policies will be directed to enhancing each person's freedom to pursue the life they have reason to value in contemporary societies.
- ItemAccessibility: Enablement by access to valued opportunities(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
- ItemAgenda Pública para la Zona Costera e Islas(Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, PUC, 2022) Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara, Kay Joaquín; Guzmán Martínez, Pablo; Moris Iturrieta, Roberto; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Vecchio, Giovanni; Alarcón Miranda, Andrea FranciscaActualmente las zonas costeras están sometidas a grandes transformaciones, ya sea por las presiones que genera el cambio climático o las de carácter antrópico provocadas por el crecimiento de población en asentamientos costeros. En este sentido, se vuelve indispensable enfocar esfuerzos académicos en estos territorios, debido a los grandes desafíos que enfrentan desde la planificación territorial y urbana. El Núcleo de Planificación Integrada de Zonas Costeras e Islas, durante el año 2021 buscó visibilizar la situación actual de la costa chilena y colaborar en consensos de lineamientos y objetivos de una agenda preliminar destinada a abordar las problemáticas de estas zonas. Para esto, se organizaron tres actividades con invitados del mundo académico, estudiantes, profesionales y representantes de la sociedad ad hoc a la temática, denominadas Conversaciones Creativas de PIZIS, sumado a una instancia de presentación en modalidad de conversatorio. Como metodología de trabajo se ocupó el Método MAPGUÍA Conversaciones Creativas, para fomentar el trabajo colaborativo y la coproducción con un total de 48 participantes en todo el proceso. Como resultados de los talleres, en una primera instancia se obtuvo un diagnóstico, donde se reconocieron las principales tensiones que sufren las zonas costeras, sumado a la identificación de cuatro macrotemas que son fundamentales de abordar: Gobernanza y Planificación Integrada, Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático, Desarrollo Sustentable y Economía Circular, y por último Diseño Urbano e Infraestructura. Posteriormente se avanzó en la definición de los componentes y objetivos que debe considerar la Agenda preliminar de Políticas Públicas, los cuales permitieron determinar ocho temas claves para abordar los desafíos a nivel país en la Agenda, y en orden de jerarquía fueron los siguientes: Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Gobernanza de Zona Costera e Islas, Escasez y Gestión Hídrica, Soluciones Basadas en la Naturaleza, Resiliencia y Gestión de Riesgo, Propiedad y Gestión de Suelo, Geopolítica y Desarrollo Territorial, y Empleo y Espacios Productivos. Con las directrices de una Agenda preliminar de Zonas Costeras e Islas del país, se espera fortalecer la investigación científica y aplicada con el propósito de incidir de manera concreta en políticas públicas que busquen reconocer y valorar la zona costera por medio de una planificación integrada y sustentable.
- ItemBig data and policy making: between real time management and the experimental dimension of policies(2019) Concilio, Grazia; Pucci, Paola; Vecchio, Giovanni; Lanza, Giovanni; Misra, Sanjay; Gervasi, Osvaldo; Murgante, Beniamino; Stankova, Elena; Korkhov, Vladimir; Torre, Carmelo; Rocha, Ana Maria A.C.; Taniar, David; Apduhan, Bernady O.; Tarantino, Eufemia
- ItemBig data: hidden challenges for a fair mobility planning(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
- ItemCuidar el territorio que envejece: Envejecimiento demográfico y marginalidad territorial en Chile(2022) Vecchio, GiovanniEl envejecimiento demográfico plantea importantes desafíos para el cuidado de las personas y los lugares en donde viven, especialmente en el caso de territorios que ya viven procesos de marginalización. En países del Norte Global el envejecimiento demográfico es un proceso observado hace tiempo, que además se suma al declino demográfico que ya afecta las zonas marginales de diferentes países. Al contrario, el envejecimiento es un fenómeno emergente en diferentes países del Sur Global y especialmente de América Latina. A partir de estas premisas, el artículo propone analizar en qué medida el envejecimiento demográfico aporta a determinar una condición de marginalidad territorial también en un contexto del Sur Global. El análisis se concentra en el caso de Chile y se enfoca en datos censales a nivel nacional para detectar aquellas comunas con una alta presencia de población mayor y con una disminución del número de sus habitantes, comparándolas con las comunas que las políticas nacionales definen como rezagadas. El caso de Chile, país desigual y con dinámicas emergentes de envejecimiento demográfico, permite analizar en qué medida la presencia de una población cada vez más anciana se relaciona con condiciones preexistentes de marginalidad territorial. Envejecimiento y declino demográfico dan cuenta de una geografía de la marginalidad que complementa y expande las definiciones tradicionales de las políticas, planteando nuevos desafíos para el cuidado de territorios y poblaciones marginales.
- ItemDelivery workers and the interplay of digital and mobility (in)justice(2022) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio Andrés; Tironi Rodo, Tomás; Albornoz, Camila; Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileOn-demand delivery services are experiencing a moment of expansion, which the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to foster. For cities in quarantine, these services allow the supply of food and other primary goods without moving from home, making riders move and access them on behalf of the clients. During a pandemic, working as a rider potentially increases the risks of an already precarious job given the contractual arrangements and the algorithmic control that characterize this gig economy sector. We argue that platforms have generated forms of injustice that are reproduced and amplified by digital platforms encoded in the Global North, which are governed by regulations and optimization criteria that do not dialogue with the precarious reality of Global South cities. Focusing on the case of Santiago de Chile, our analysis draws on the triangulation and complementarity of two instruments: interviews before the COVID-19 pandemic and surveys involving riders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that platforms generate specific forms of injustice that affect riders and their mobility in particular. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened such forms of digital injustice, increasing the pressure for constantly working and the exposure of riders to threats such as accidents, criminality and health risks.
- ItemElderly Walking Access to Street Markets in Chile: An Asset for Food Security in an Unequal Country(2023) Rojas Quezada Carolina Alejandra; Castillo, Bryan; Villegas, Rodrigo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Steiniger, Stefan; Carrasco, Juan AntonioStreet markets can contribute to food security, since they are a source of fresh food and comparably inexpensive goods, being very relevant for low-income groups. Their relevance is even higher when considering older people, due to their often-constrained financial resources and possibilities to move. To assess the potential contribution of street markets to food security, this paper aims at evaluating to what extent older people have access to such a relevant asset. We consider the case of Chile, an ageing country with an unequal pension system, which makes it relevant for older people to access healthy and inexpensive food. We analyze what proportion of older people (i.e., people over 65) has walking access within 10 min to a street market—feria libre—in each Chilean region, with particular detail in the country’s four major urban areas. We compare the resulting accessibility maps with census data to identify neighborhoods with higher proportions of older people and examine their socio-economic conditions. Our findings show that while street markets are less accessible to older people in comparison to the general population, the inhabitants who can access them belong mainly to low-income groups. The results provide relevant insights to develop neighborhood-based policies for spreading and strengthening street markets, especially in low-income areas with insufficient levels of access to other relevant urban opportunities.
- ItemEmerging mobilities: New practices, new needs(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
- ItemEnabling mobilities: Reinterpreting concepts and tools(2019) Pucci, P.; Vecchio, Giovanni
- ItemEnvejecer en la playa. La emergente migración de personas mayores hacia el Litoral Central de Chile (1987-2017)(Universidad Austral de Chile, 2023) Vecchio, Giovanni; Castillo Mendoza, Bryan Williams; Steiniger, Stefan; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEUS; Pontificia Universidad Católica. Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y TerritorialesLa migración de las personas mayores hacia zonas costeras es un fenómeno común en los países del Norte global, pero también puede ser significativo en regiones que están envejeciendo gradualmente, como América Latina. En este estudio, investigamos si también se produce migración de personas mayores hacia zonas costeras en Chile –país del Sur global que envejece rápidamente– a pesar de las condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables para la mayoría de su población mayor. Tomando como caso de estudio el Litoral Central de Chile, se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de datos censales (1992, 2002 y 2017) para observar la evolución de la población de municipios costeros que no pertenecen a áreas metropolitanas y donde los procesos de urbanización han sido más intensos. Los resultados muestran que también habría migración de personas mayores hacia zonas costeras hacia el Litoral Central de Chile, aunque la condición socioeconómica de estas personas emerge como una característica importante que explica la participación en la migración hacia zonas costeras y la elección de los destinos de reubicación
- ItemFair transport policies for older people: accessibility and affordability of public transport in Santiago, Chile(SPRINGER, 2022) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio; Castillo, Bryan; Steiniger, StefanIn this paper, we test how different public transport policy scenarios score in terms of fairness for a specific population group, considering a more complex representation of mobility-related inequalities and the policy implications of transport justice. To do so, we assess potential accessibility to public transport in Santiago de Chile under different policy scenarios, focusing on older people as a group whose demographic and socioeconomic conditions can determine different forms of disadvantage. We compare alternative accessibility policies based on the expansion of the Metro infrastructure network or on reduced public transport fares, considering the interaction between the spatial availability and the affordability of public transport. Results show that subsidized fares for public transport services are more beneficial to expand the accessibility of older people, especially those with lower incomes, while the expansion of the Metro network benefits mainly middle- and high-income older people. The proposed analysis is a first step towards a more detailed, place-based reading of mobility-related inequalities, aimed at assessing alternative policy measures.
- ItemHabitar, pertenecer y participar: La relación entre barrio y participación ciudadana en Santiago de Chile(2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Huerta-Olivares, C.; Kanacri, B.P.L.
- Item(Im)Mobility and Health in Santiago de Chile(2020) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tiznado Aitken, Ignacio Andrés
- ItemImproving Participation for Sustainable Transport: Testing CoAXs Amidst Controversy Around a BRT Project in Santiago, Chile(2023) Fuenzalida Izquierdo, Jorge; Sagaris, Lake; Muñoz Abogabir, Juan Carlos; Vecchio, GiovanniWe examine to what extent Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) contributes to a successful participatory process and how context affects the tool’s role in both process and results. We tested a tool to visualize accessibility effects of transport projects, using it in participatory workshops related to a major bus corridor proposal in Santiago de Chile. We innovated in the tool itself, to visualize overcrowding effects as a way to include comfort issues. We found that the GIS encouraged a sincere and realistic conversation among participants. Perceptions of the project did not necessarily improve, but the tool did reduce polarization of opinions.
- ItemLatin American spatial governance and planning systems and the rising judicialisation of planning. Evidence from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay(2022) Blanc, Francesca; Cabrera, Juan E.; Cottella, Giancarlo; Vecchio, Giovanni; Santelices, Nicolás; Casanova, Rosario; Saravia, Matilde; Blanca, Marina; Reinheimer, Bruno; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y TerritorialesRecent studies on Latin American Spatial Governance and Planning Systems (SGPSs) have highlighted the need to focus on alternative processes and mechanisms of land-use management and transformation that, arising and operating alongside the formal ones, contribute to shaping the nature of SGPSs themselves. This paper taps into this ongoing debate by further unfolding this ‘other institutionality’ and broadening its scope. It does so through the exploration of three case studies – namely the SGPSs of Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay – here analysed in relation to their institutional and legal frameworks and the instruments that are produced. In relation to each case, the local spatial planning practices in intermediary cities are examined, enabling understanding of the nuances of the ‘other institutionality’ mentioned and the role that the latter plays in the overall SGPS. The analysis shows an ongoing ‘judicialisation’ of spatial planning in the form of an increasing number of legal actions undertaken by civil society and the mobilisation of legal expertise in addressing the urban conflicts. This phenomenon seems to be related to the lack of updated spatial planning tools and public participatory processes to accompany official spatial planning practices. Overall, these findings open a pathway for further comparative spatial planning studies broadening the concept of the ‘other institutionality’ in Latin America and beyond and shedding light on the role and impact of the latter within existing SGPSs.
- Item“May the Force move you”: Roles and actors of information sharing devices in urban mobility(2019) Vecchio, Giovanni; Tricarico, L.
- ItemMovilidad urbana y personas mayores en Santiago de Chile: El valor de integrar métodos de análisis, un estudio en el barrio San Eugenio(2021) Vecchio, Giovanni; Castillo, B.; Steiniger, S.