Browsing by Author "Valli, I."
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- ItemDifficulties during delivery, brain ventricle enlargement and cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis(2023) Costas-Carrera, A.; Verdolini, N.; Garcia-Rizo, C.; Mezquida, G.; Janssen, J.; Valli, I.; Corripio, I.; Sanchez-Torres, A.M.; Bioque, M.; Lobo, A.; Gonzalez-Pinto, A.; Rapado-Castro, M.; Vieta, E.; De La Serna, H.; Mane, A.; Roldan, A.; Crossley Karmelic, Nicolas Andres; Penades, R.; Cuesta, M.J.; Parellada, M.; PEPs groupPublished by Cambridge University Press.Background Patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) display clinical, cognitive, and structural brain abnormalities at illness onset. Ventricular enlargement has been identified in schizophrenia since the initial development of neuroimaging techniques. Obstetric abnormalities have been associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis but also with cognitive impairment and brain structure abnormalities. Difficulties during delivery are associated with a higher risk of birth asphyxia leading to brain structural abnormalities, such as ventriculomegaly, which has been related to cognitive disturbances. Methods We examined differences in ventricular size between 142 FEP patients and 123 healthy control participants using magnetic resonance imaging. Obstetric complications were evaluated using the Lewis-Murray scale. We examined the impact of obstetric difficulties during delivery on ventricle size as well as the possible relationship between ventricle size and cognitive impairment in both groups. Results FEP patients displayed significantly larger third ventricle size compared with healthy controls. Third ventricle enlargement was associated with diagnosis (higher volume in patients), with difficulties during delivery (higher volume in subjects with difficulties), and was highest in patients with difficulties during delivery. Verbal memory was significantly associated with third ventricle to brain ratio. Conclusions Our results suggest that difficulties during delivery might be significant contributors to the ventricular enlargement historically described in schizophrenia. Thus, obstetric complications may contribute to the development of psychosis through changes in brain architecture.
- ItemGenetic and Structural Brain Correlates of Cognitive Subtypes Across Youth at Family Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder(2022) Valli, I.; De la Serna, E.; Pariente, J. C.; Calvet Mirabent, A.; Borras, R.; Ilzarbe, D.; Baeza, I.; Rosa Justicia, M.; Garcia Rizo, C.; Vieta, E.; Mas, S.; Castro Fornieles, J.; Sugranyes, G.; Crossley, Nicolás; Young, A. H.; Moreno, D.; Segura, A. G.; Martín Martinez, N.; Díaz Caneja, C. M.Objective: Cognitive impairment is an important feature of Schizophrenia (SZ) and Bipolar Disorder (BP) with severity across the two disorders characterized by significant heterogeneity. Youth at family risk for SZ and BP were clustered based on cognitive function and examined in terms of the clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of cluster membership. Method: One hundred sixty participants, 32 offspring of patients with SZ, 59 offspring of patients with BP and 69 offspring of healthy control parents underwent clinical and cognitive assessments, genotyping and structural MRI. K-means clustering was used to group family risk participants based on cognitive measures. Clusters were compared in terms of cortical and subcortical brain measures as well as polygenic risk scores. Results: Participants were grouped in 3 clusters with intact, intermediate, and impaired cognitive performance. The intermediate and impaired clusters had lower total brain surface area compared with the intact cluster, with prominent localization in frontal and temporal cortices. No between-cluster differences were identified in cortical thickness and subcortical brain volumes. The impaired cluster also had poorer psychosocial functioning and worse PRS-COG compared with the other 2 clusters and with offspring of healthy control parents, while there was no significant between-cluster difference in terms of PRS-SZ and PRS-BP. PRS-COG predicted psychosocial functioning, yet this effect did not appear to be mediated by an effect of PRS-COG on brain area. Conclusion: Stratification based on cognition may help to elucidate the biological underpinnings of cognitive heterogeneity across SZ and BP risk.
- ItemHPA-axis function and grey matter volume reductions : imaging the diathesis-stress model in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis(2016) Valli, I.; Crossley, Nicolás; Day, F.; Stone, J.; Tognin, S.; Mondelli, V.; Howes, O.; Valmaggia, L.; Pariante, C.; Mcguire, P.