Browsing by Author "Valenzuela, Rodrigo"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Beneficial Effects of Bioactive Compounds Obtained from Agro-Industrial By-Products on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Components
    (2022) Jeria, Nicolas; Cornejo, Sebastian; Prado, Gabriel; Bustamante, Andres; Garcia-Diaz, Diego F.; Jimenez, Paula; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Poblete-Aro, Carlos; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia
    The generation of agro-industrial by-products is an economic and environmental problem. However, these raw materials could be a suitable source for obtaining bioactive compounds for technological or nutritional purposes. On the other hand, obesity and metabolic syndrome prevalence are in continuous growth. The classical approach of hypocaloric diet and exercise has shown little long-term adherence. Thus, there is an unending search for new strategies to prevent and treat obesity and related metabolic alterations. In that sense, the revalorization of agro-industrial by-products for functional foods and nutraceutical development has gained relevance. Pomegranate, onion, and grape by-products, among others, have been described as promising raw materials for bioactive compounds obtention. Nevertheless, scientific evidence on the effects of specific sources and bioactive compounds on obesity models and clinical trials is needed. This article aims to show available data from studies on the effect of bioactive compounds obtained from agro-industrial by-products on obesity and metabolic syndrome components.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Deep-frying impact on food and oil chemical composition: Strategies to reduce oil absorption in the final product
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Valle, Consuelo; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Chávez, Vilma; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Bustamante, Andrés
    During frying, oils can deteriorate due to autoxidation and hydrolytic alterations, processes influenced by the oil's fatty acid composition (FAC) and antioxidant content. However, there are different techniques to improve fried food quality and reduce oil absorption. This review aims to assess existing literature on the interactions between frying methods, oil selection, and the chemical composition of foods. To achieve this goal, the article examines the impact of oil FAC, antioxidants, pretreatments, and alternative frying technologies. A literature search was conducted from 2016 to 2023. The keywords used were (AND/OR) frying, fried foods, oil, oil absorption, and fatty acids. Oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, such as olive oil, are recommended for their nutritional benefits and improved oil stability. The water content and structure of the food also play a significant role in oil absorption. Pretreatments to diminish food moisture content contribute to a lower oil absorption in the fried food while mitigating excessive accumulation of lipid oxidation products. Proper selection of frying oils, incorporation of antioxidants, and the use of pretreatments could help prevent chemical changes and minimize oil absorption during frying. These measures contribute to maintaining the nutritional quality and safety of fried foods while also enhancing their overall sensory appeal.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Dietary and Nutritional Interventions in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatrics
    (2023) Farías, Camila; Cisternas, Camila; Gana Ansaldo, Juan Cristóbal; Alberti, Gigliola; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Videla, Luis A.; Mercado, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is pediatrics’ most common chronic liver disease. The incidence is high in children and adolescents with obesity, which is associated with an increased risk of disease progression. Currently, there is no effective drug therapy in pediatrics; therefore, lifestyle interventions remain the first line of treatment. This review aims to present an updated compilation of the scientific evidence for treating this pathology, including lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and dietary changes, highlighting specific nutritional strategies. The bibliographic review was carried out in different databases, including studies within the pediatric population where dietary and/or nutritional interventions were used to treat NAFLD. Main interventions include diets low in carbohydrates, free sugars, fructose, and lipids, in addition to healthy eating patterns and possible nutritional interventions with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), amino acids (cysteine, L-carnitine), cysteamine, vitamins, and probiotics (one strain or multi-strain). Lifestyle changes remain the main recommendation for children with NAFLD. Nevertheless, more studies are required to elucidate the effectiveness of specific nutrients and bioactive compounds in this population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy
    (2024) De Toro Navarrete, Valeria Francisca; Alberti, Gigliola; Domínguez, Angélica; Carrasco Negüe, Karina Andrea; Ferrer, Pedro; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Garmendia. María Luisa; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia
    Background: Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial. Objective: To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery). Methods: This study evaluated the growth patterns during the first 4 months of life of 169 infants of the women that participated in the MIGHT study (NCT02574767). We included the infants of women from the PGO-200 (n = 81) and PGO-800 group (n = 88). The growth patterns (weight, length, and head circumference) and change in z-score (WHO charts) were evaluated. Results: Throughout the first 4 months of life, the infants of the PGO-800 group had lower weight-for-length z-score (coef. −0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.07, −0.22, p = 0.003) and lower body mass index-for-age z-score (coef. −0.56, 95% CI −0.99, −0.12, p = 0.012) compared with the PGO-200 group adjusted by maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, gestational age, insulin in cord blood and infant feeding (exclusive breastfed, not breastfed, and partially breastfed). Conclusions: Maternal supplementation with DHA during pregnancy could beneficially limit the offspring's postnatal weight gain during the first 4 months of life.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Impact of pomegranate peel extract on gut microbiota composition and metabolic health parameters in high-fat diet-fed mice
    (2024) Duarte, Lissette; Bustamante, Andrés; Orellana, Juan Francisco; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Magne, Fabien; Fuentes, Jocelyn; Speisky, Hernán; Echeverria Gonzalez, Francisca Cecilia
    Background: Gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology and is heavily influenced by dietary factors. Polyphenols have shown a positive effect in preventing and treating obesity, which is blunted in the absence of GM. Pomegranate peel, known for its high content of polyphenols (ellagitannins), has been found to exhibit favorable metabolic effects in obesity. Interestingly, ellagitannins are metabolized by the action of GM. However, the specific impact of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on GM and metabolism remains unclear.Objective: to evaluate the effect of a PPE (microencapsulated or not) on the composition of GM in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and analyze its association with metabolic parameters.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 40) were randomly distributed into five groups: control diet (CD), HFD, HFD + inulin (IN), HFD + PPE (50 mg/kg/d of total polyphenols; TP), and HFD + MPPE (50 mg/kg/d TP), for 14 weeks. Liver and serum antioxidant status were assessed. GM composition, further relative abundances, and biodiversity were calculated from cecal content samples. The bacterial community clustering was analyzed using a canonical-correlation analysis (CCA). GM parameters and metabolic outcomes were evaluated for correlation (Spearman’s correlation), p < 0.05.Results: PPE and MPPE showed increased energy expenditure, reduced liver arachidonic acid content, elevated antioxidant capacity, and higher GM alpha diversity compared to HFD alone.Conclusion: PPE, regardless of encapsulation, ameliorated metabolic alterations induced by HFD, potentially through modulation of GM. These findings provide data on the therapeutic potential of PPE in managing obesityrelated metabolic dysfunction.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases
    (2022) Zúñiga-Hernández, Jessica; Sambra, Verónica; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Videla, Luis A.; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
    Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) and their lipid mediators are known to have an inflammation pro-resolution effect. The effects of these n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are beginning to be understood. Consequently, this article aims to analyze the influence of n-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators on the inflammatory response in respiratory health, emphasizing recent data concerning their beneficial effects in the prevention and possible treatment of different respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, airway allergic syndromes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review includes studies regarding the effects of EPA, DHA, and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) on in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory disease, concluding that EPA and DHA have a positive impact in attenuating the pro-inflammatory response in respiratory diseases, reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, fever and difficulty in breathing. Controversial data reported are probably due to differences in several factors, including the dosages, administration vehicles, and the supplementation times employed, which are aspects that remain to be addressed in future studies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Non-communicable Diseases
    (2022) Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Potencial efecto terapéutico de los polifenoles obtenidos de la cáscara de granada en la esteatosis hepática
    (2022) Bustamante, Andres; Garcia-Diaz, Diego; Jimenez, Paula; Valenzuela, Rodrigo; Pando, Maria Elsa; Echeverría González, Francisca Cecilia
    Antecedentes: La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, y puede ir desde la esteatosis simple hasta hepatocarcinoma. Su origen es multifactorial, siendo la dieta poco saludable un factor clave en su patogenia y progresión. Los polifenoles son antioxidantes que han mostrado beneficios en el tratamiento de la EHGNA. Una fuente emergente de estos compuestos son los residuos agroindustriales, entre ellos, la cáscara de granada. La cáscara de granada tiene un alto contenido de polifenoles, específicamente de elagitaninos. Su extracto fenólico (extracto de cáscara de granada; ECG) ha mostrado efectos promisorios a nivel metabólico. Sin embargo, su uso presenta algunas limitantes que deben ser consideradas antes de recomendar su ingesta mediante alimentos funcionales o nutracéuticos para prevención o tratamiento de EHGNA. Objetivo: Discutir a partir de datos obtenidos en estudios in vitro y modelos animales, el potencial terapéutico de los polifenoles obtenidos de la cáscara de granada para prevención y tratamiento de la EHGNA. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science (2015 a la fecha) de estudios en modelos de esteatosis hepática in vitro y en animales, además de ensayos clínicos relacionados. Conclusión: Existen datos promisorios sobre el uso del ECG en alteraciones metabólicas propias de la EHGNA y esteatosis hepática, principalmente a nivel de perfil lipídico. Se deben discutir las dosis y formas de administración, con el fin de mejorar su estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. Se requieren ensayos clínicos controlados que confirmen los efectos en humanos.