Browsing by Author "Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo"

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    A century of trends in adult human height
    (eLife Sciences Publications Ltd, 2016) Bentham, J.; Di Cesare, M.; Zhou, B.; Bixby, H.; Fortunato, L.; Bennett, J.E.; Kontis, V.; Riboli, E.; Ezzati, M.; Chan, Q.; Elliott, P.; Gunter, M.; Hihtaniemi, I. T.; Murphy, N.; Norat, T.; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
    Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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    A population-based cohort study on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Latin America: Methods and preliminary results : The PLATINO study phase II
    (2014) Baptista Menezes, Ana María; Muino, Adriana; López Varela, María Victorina; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Lisboa Basualto, Carmen; Jardim, José Roberto; Montes de Oca, María; Tálamo, Carlos; Wehrmeister, Fernando César; Pérez Padilla, Rogelio
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    Adultos mayores en Chile: descripción de sus necesidades en comunicación en salud preventiva
    (2016) Condeza, Ana Rayén; Bastías, Gabriel; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Cheix, Consuelo; Barrios, Ximena; Rojas Ávila, Rodrigo; Gálvez, Myrna; Fernández Medina, Francisco Javier; Condeza, Ana Rayén; Bastías, Gabriel; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Cheix, Consuelo; Barrios, Ximena; Rojas, Rodrigo; Gálvez, Myrna; Fernández, Francisco
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    Analysis of a learning assessment system for pediatric internship based upon objective structured clinical examination, clinical practice observation and written examination
    (SOC BRASIL PEDIATRIA, 2010) Sandoval Salas, Gloria Eugenia; Valenzuela Magana, Patricia Milena; Monge Iriarte, Marcela; Toso Milos, Paulina Alejandra; Triviño Bonifay, Ximena Cecilia; Wright Navarrete, Ana Cecilia; Paris Horvitz, Enrique Isaac; Sánchez Díaz, Ignacio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
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    Aproximación al patrón de normalidad de TSH para la población chilena según Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2013) Mosso Gómez, Lorena; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Trejo, Pamela; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Arteaga U., Eugenio
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    Asociación entre el uso de audífonos y los niveles de actividad física en adultos mayores con hipoacusia: análisis conjunto de las Encuesta Nacionales de Salud (ENS) de Chile 2009-2010 Y 2016-2017
    (2024) Ramos Rojas, José Tomás; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Salud Pública
    El envejecimiento poblacional ha aumentado los problemas de salud en los adultos mayores (AM), resaltando la importancia del envejecimiento activo para un envejecimiento saludable. Sin embargo, los AM frecuentemente no cumplen con las recomendaciones mínimas de actividad física (AF). La hipoacusia, una limitación sensorial común en los AM, se asocia a niveles reducidos de AF. Los audífonos son una opción terapéutica que podría mejorar la AF, aunque la evidencia es limitada y los resultados no son concluyentes. Este estudio transversal utilizó datos combinados de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud (ENS) de Chile 2009-2010 y 2016-2017, enfocándose en AM con indicación médica de audífonos, sin discapacidades cognitivas o motoras. La AF se categorizó según el cuestionario GPAQ, y se incluyeron variables como frecuencia de uso de audífonos y factores sociodemográficos. Los modelos de regresión ordinal ajustados mostraron que el uso ocasional, raro o nulo de audífonos se asoció significativamente con menores probabilidades de tener un nivel alto de AF (OR entre 0,13 y 0,16; p<0,05). En una muestra expandida de 599.912 (356 observaciones no expandidas), el uso de audífonos mostró una asociación positiva con mayores niveles de AF, independientemente de la edad, nivel socioeconómico y comorbilidades, destacando su potencial para promover el envejecimiento activo.
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    Assessment of five different guideline indication criteria for spirometry including modified GOLD criteria in order to detect COPD : data from 5,315 subjects in the PLATINO study
    (2014) Luize, A.; Menezes, A.; Pérez Padilla, R.; Muino, A.; López, M.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Lisboa Basualto, Carmen; Montes de Oca, María; Talamo, C.
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    Changes in asthma prevalence among school children during a 6-year period. Influence of socioeconomic status
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2009) Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Caussade Larraín, Marie Solange; Navarro M., Héctor; Cerda Lorca, Jaime Rodrigo; Pérez B., Enrique; Aquevedo Salazar, Andrés Fernando; Sánchez Díaz, Ignacio
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    Cobertura de la estrategia de prevención del cáncer de vesícula biliar en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2015) Latorre, S.; Ivanovic, D.; Corsi, O.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Olea Ortega, Ricardo Alonso; Chianale Bertolini, José Luis; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
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    Cobertura de la estrategia preventiva de cáncer gástrico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2015) Latorre, G.; Alvarez, J.; Ivanovic, D.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Chianale Bertolini, José Luis; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
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    Comorbilidades y estado de salud en individuos con y sin EPOC en 5 ciudades de América Latina: Estudio PLATINO
    (2013) López Varela, María Victorina; Montes de Oca, María; Halbert, Ronald; Muiño, Adriana; Tálamo, C.; Pérez Padilla, José Rogelio; Jardim, J. R.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Pertuzé Salas, Julio; Menezes, Ana María B.
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    Comparative analysis of COPD associated with tobacco smoking, biomass smoke exposure or both
    (2018) Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Olloquequi, Jordi.; Jaime, Sergio.; Parra, Viviana.; Cornejo-Córdova, Elizabeth.; Agustí, Àlvar.; Silva O., Rafael.
    Abstract Background Exposure to noxious gases and particles contained in both tobacco smoking (TS) and biomass smoke (BS) are well recognized environmental risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response, both in the pulmonary and systemic compartments. The differential effects of TS, BS or their combined exposure have not been well characterized yet. This study sought to compare the lung function characteristics and systemic inflammatory response in COPD patients exposed to TS, BS or their combination. Methods Sociodemographic, clinical and lung functional parameters were compared across 49 COPD patients with a history of smoking and no BS exposure (TS COPD), 31 never-smoker COPD patients with BS exposure (BS COPD), 46 COPD patients with a combined exposure (TS + BS COPD) and 52 healthy controls (HC) who have never been exposed neither to TS or BS. Blood cell counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were quantified in all four groups. Results TS + BS COPD patients exhibited significantly lower oxygen saturation than the rest of groups (p < 0.01). Spirometry and diffusing capacity were significantly higher in BS than in TS or TS + BS patients. CRP levels were significantly higher in TS COPD patients than in BS COPD group (p < 0.05), whereas fibrinogen was raised in COPD patients with a history of smoking (TS and TS + BS) when compared to control subjects (p < 0.01). Finally, COPD patients with BS exposure (BS and BS + TS groups) showed higher IgE levels than TS and HC (p < 0.05). Conclusions There are significant physiological and inflammatory differences between COPD patients with TS, BS and TS + BS exposures. The latter had worse blood oxygenation, whereas the raised levels of IgE in BS exposed patients suggests a differential Th2 systemic inflammatory pattern triggered by this pollutant.
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    Consumo de tabaco : algunos antecedentes epidemiológicos
    (2017) Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
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    Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
    (2018) Zhou, Bin; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
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    Cystic fibrosis mortality in Chile between 1997 and 2003
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2008) Cerda Lorca, Jaime Rodrigo; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Guiraldes Cameratti, Ernesto; Sánchez Díaz, Ignacio
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    Does educational level predict hearing aid self-efficacy in experienced older adult hearing aid users from Latin America? Validation process of the Spanish version of the MARS-HA questionnaire
    (2019) Fuentes López, Eduardo; Fuente, Adrian; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Luna-Monsalve, Manuel
    Hearing aids are the most common rehabilitation strategy for age-related hearing loss. However, 25% to 50% of older adults fitted with hearing aids do not wear them post-fitting. Hearing aid self-efficacy has been suggested as one of the key factors that may explain adherence to hearing aids in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to determine a possible association between educational level and hearing aid self-efficacy in older adult hearing aid users from a Latin American country (i.e., Chile). The secondary aim was to determine if in this sample of older adults, hearing aid self-efficacy predicted hearing aid adherence as previously suggested by other studies. The MARS-HA (Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy for Hearing Aids) questionnaire was used to measure hearing aid self-efficacy. This questionnaire was initially adapted into Spanish (S-MARS-HA) using forward and backward translations by bilingual English-Spanish speakers. A sample of 252 older adults fitted with hearing aids at a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, was investigated. Educational level was measured as the number of years of formal education. Participants responded to the S-MARS-HA along with questions exploring social support, attitudes in using hearing aids, participation in social events, and vision and joint problems. Hearing aid adherence was investigated with the use of a question from the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids. All these procedures were conducted at the participants' homes. Pure-tone average (PTA; 500-4000 Hz) in the fitted ear was obtained from the participants' medical records. Univariate and multivariate regression models were constructed to investigate the association between educational level and hearing aid self-efficacy controlling for the covariates of interest (e.g., social support, attitudes in using hearing aids, PTA). The SMARS-HA showed an adequate construct validity along with a good reliability. Results of the multivariate regression analyses showed that educational level significantly predicted hearing aid self-efficacy. Covariates significantly associated with this outcome included attitudes in using hearing aids and PTA in the fitted ear. Finally, a significant association between hearing aid self-efficacy and adherence to hearing aid use was observed. In conclusion, this study showed a significant association between educational level and hearing aid self-efficacy in older adults from a developing Latin American country. Thus, this variable should be considered when designing and delivering aural rehabilitation programs such as hearing aids to older adults, especially those from developing countries.
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    Effects of auditory and socio-demographic variables on discontinuation of hearing aid use among older adults with hearing loss fitted in the Chilean public health sector
    (2019) Fuentes López, Eduardo; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Fuente, Adrian.; Luna Monsalve, Manuel.
    Abstract Background The percentage of older adults with hearing loss who stop using their hearing aids and the variables associated with this phenomenon have not been systematically investigated in South America. This problem is relevant to the region since countries such as Colombia, Brazil and Chile have public programmes that provide hearing aids to older adults. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of older adults fitted with a hearing aid at a public hospital in Chile who subsequently stop using it and the auditory and socio-demographic variables associated with the hazard of discontinuing hearing aid use. Methods A group that included 355 older adults who had been fitted with a hearing aid was studied retrospectively. In a structured interview, participants were asked about socio-demographic variables and answered part of the Chilean National Survey on Health, evaluating self-perceived hearing loss and responding to questions about discontinuation of hearing aid use and their satisfaction with the device. Survival models were applied to determine the hazard of stopping hearing aid use in relation to the variables of interest. Results The rate of discontinuation of hearing aid use reached 21.7%. Older adults stopped using their hearing aids mainly during the first 5–6 months post-fitting, and then this number steadily increased. The income fifth quintile was 2.56 times less likely to stop using the hearing aid compared to the first. Those who self-reported that they could not hear correctly without the hearing aid were 2.62 times less likely to stop using it compared to those who reported normal hearing. The group that was very dissatisfied with the hearing aid was 20.86 times more likely to discontinue use than those who reported satisfaction with the device. Conclusions Socio-demographic variables such as economic income and auditory factors such as self-perceived hearing loss and satisfaction with the device were significantly associated with the hazard of stopping hearing aid use. Self-perceived hearing loss should be considered part of the candidacy criteria for hearing aids in older adults in Chile and other (developing) countries.
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    Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis : a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
    (2015) Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.; Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.
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    FEV1 is a better predictor of mortality than FVC : The platino cohort study
    (2014) Menezes, A.; Perez-Padilla, R.; Wehrmeister, F.; Lopezvarela, M.; Muino, A.; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Lisboa Basualto, Carmen; Jardim, J.