Browsing by Author "Ulloa M.E."
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- Item‘Green gold’: The invention of the forest landscape in Wallmapu/Araucanía, southern Chile‘Oro verde’: La invención del paisaje forestal en Wallmapu/Araucanía, sur de Chile(Asociacion Espanola de Geografia, 2021) Ulloa M.E.; Barton J.R.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)© 2021 Asociacion de Geografos Espanoles. All rights reserved.Since the incorporation of the Wallmapu/Araucanía territory into the Republic of Chile, important transformations in this territory have been taken place. Once the land was usurped from the Mapuche people, fertile valleys and dense forests were replaced by wheat cultivation until the early twentieth century. This article explores the ‘invention’ of so-called ‘Green Gold’ forest landscape in this region, using historical political ecology and a ‘landscapes of power’ framework. Based on the analysis and interpretation of historical sources, including cartography, photography and texts, we reconstruct the historical trajectory of this landscape, emphasizing the role of science, the enactment of laws, the creation of new institutions and the influence of international organizations. These influences paved the way for large forestry firms to emerge, primarily under dictatorship (1973-1989), which in turn generated an unprecedented plantation forestry ‘boom’ that transformed the regional landscape. The conclusions highlight the importance of shifting from a neutral concept of territorial attributes to the invention of landscapes, as a social construction based on power relations that lead to domination and exclusion.
- ItemThe ‘Chilean wheat bowl’: An historical political ecology of the construction of a landscape of power in Wallmapu (Araucanía)El ‘Granero de Chile’: Una ecología política histórica de la construcción de un paisaje de poder en Wallmapu (Araucanía)1(Revista de Geografia Norte Grande, 2021) Ulloa M.E.; Barton J.R.; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Chile)© 2021, Revista de Geografia Norte Grande. All rights reserved.The landscape of power of the ‘Chilean wheat bowl’ that emerged during the nineteenth century was presented as a symbol of progress for Wallmapu (Araucanía). The Chilean state, supported by agrarian, political and intellectual elites enabled the extraction of natural resources which led to the construction of a new ‘Chilean wheat bowl’ landscape of power, installed on the old Mapuche frontier. This article deconstructs and interprets historical sources within a framework based on historical political ecology and landscapes of power. It traces the hegemonic imposition of this landscape via devices that ensured coercion or enabled consent, with a view to imposing a particular landscape in this territory. The conclusions point to the importance of historical context for explaining contemporary socio-ecological configurations of landcapes, since this context reveals the influence of power relations and political, economic and cultural factors in the social construction of territories, and the elimination of other landscapes.