Browsing by Author "Uauy, Ricardo"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 52
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    Arginase-2 is cooperatively up-regulated by nitric oxide and histone deacetylase inhibition in human umbilical artery endothelial cells
    (2016) Krause Leyton, Bernardo; Hernández, C.; Caniuguir, A.; Vásquez Devaud, P.; Carrasco Wong, I.; Uauy, Ricardo; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia
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    Assessing the Evidence from Neonatal Nutrition Research
    (2014) Szajewska, H.; Koletzko, B.; Mimouni, F.; Uauy, Ricardo
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    Assessment of in vivo fetal growth and placental vascular function in a novel intrauterine growth restriction model of progressive uterine artery occlusion in guinea pigs
    (2016) Krause B.; Herrera, E.; Alegría, R.; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Díaz López, F.; Hernández, C.; Uauy, Ricardo; Regnault, T.; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Krause Leyton, Bernardo
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    Breast bud detection: a validation study in the Chilean Growth Obesity Cohort Study
    (2014) Pereira, Ana; Garmendia, María, Luisa; González, Daniela; Kain, Juliana; Mericq, Verónica; Uauy, Ricardo; Corvalán, Camila
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    Conceptos generales de epigenética: proyecciones en pediatría
    (2016) Krause Leyton, Bernardo; Castro Rodríguez, José Antonio; Uauy, Ricardo; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia
    La asociación entre factores ambientales presentes durante el desarrollo embrionario/fetal y enfermedades que puedan presentarse durante la vida representa un campo de creciente interés. En este contexto la evidencia actual apoya fuertemente que alteraciones en el crecimiento intrauterino y durante los primeros años de vida presentan una fuerte influencia en el riesgo de padecer enfermedades crónicas que en muchos casos pudiera ser mayor que la carga genética del paciente. La persistencia y reproducibilidad de los fenotipos asociados a alteraciones en el desarrollo temprano sugieren la participación de mecanismos moleculares que registran dichas modificaciones (i.e. mecanismos epigenéticos) generando una «reprogramación» celular y fisiológica. Esta revisión es la introducción a una serie de 5 artículos en torno a la participación de los mecanismos epigenéticos en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas (i.e. cardiovasculares, metabólicas, asma/alergias y cáncer) y su relación con el origen de dichas enfermedades en etapas tempranas del desarrollo. El objetivo de esta serie es mostrar el estado actual de esta área de la investigación y presentar los desafíos e interrogantes futuros en los cuales la pediatría tiene un papel preponderante, desarrollando estrategias para la prevención, detección precoz y seguimiento.
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    Conceptual basis for prescriptive growth standards from conception to early childhood: present and future
    (2013) Uauy, Ricardo; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Krause Leyton, Bernardo; Kuzanovic, Juan Pablo; Corvalán, Camila
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    Dairy intake in relation to breast and pubertal development in Chilean girls
    (2017) Gaskins, Audrey J.; Pereira, Ana; Quintiliano, Daiana; Shepherd, John A.; Uauy, Ricardo; Corvalán, Camila; Michels, Karin B.
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    Defining the Nutritional Needs of Preterm Infants
    (2014) Uauy, Ricardo; Koletzko, B.
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    Determinants of volumetric breast density in Chilean premenopausal women
    (2017) Uauy, Ricardo; Garmendia, M.; Pereira, A.; Neira, P.; López, S.; Malkov, S.; Shepherd, J.
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    Early Obesity: Risk Factor for Fatty Liver Disease
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2020) Cuzmar, Valeriau; Alberti, Gigliola; Uauy, Ricardo; Pereira, Ana; Garcia, Cristian; De Barbieri, Florencia; Corvalan, Camila; Santos, Jose L.; Mericq, Veronica; Villarroel, Luis; Gana, Juan Cristobal
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as fat accumulation greater than 5% in hepatocytes, may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis later in life. NAFLD prevalence in adolescents has increased significantly in direct relation with obesity prevalence. Fatty liver has become the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in adults. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify anthropometric variables during the first 10 years of life associated to the risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study 'Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study' (GOCS) consisting of 513 children born in 2002 to 2003, with yearly anthropometric data collected over a 10-year period. The presence of intrahepatic fat in the livers of subjects 14 to 16 years of age was determined using abdominal ultrasound. In addition, elastography was performed on all participants with ultrasound evidence of NAFLD. Results: 9.7% of the participants presented findings compatible with NAFLD. After 2 years of age, obesity significantly and progressively increased the probability of NAFLD occurrence in adolescence. Obesity at 5 years of age was associated with the highest OR for NAFLD, reaching values of 8.91 (95% CI 3.03-16.11). Among participants with NAFLD, those with altered liver elasticity (>= 7 kPa) had greater weight, BMIz-score, waist and hip circumference, and altered liver enzymes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence increases progressively with early obesity starting at age 2 years.
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    Effect of feeding mode on infant growth and cognitive function: study protocol of the Chilean infant Nutrition randomized controlled Trial (ChiNuT)
    (2020) Toro Campos, Rosario.; Peña, Marcela; Uauy, Ricardo; Algarín, Cecilia.; Peirano, Patricio.; Murguia-Peniche, Teresa.; Wu, Steven S.
    Abstract Background A central aim for pediatric nutrition is to develop infant formula compositionally closer to human milk. Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) have shown to have functional components that are found in human milk, suggesting that addition of bovine sources of MFGM (bMFGM) to infant formula may promote beneficial outcomes potentially helping to narrow the gap between infants who receive human breast milk or infant formula. The objective of the current study is to determine how the addition of bMFGM in infant formula and consumption in early infancy affects physical growth and brain development when compared to infants fed with a standard formula and a reference group of infants fed with mother’s own milk. Methods Single center, double-blind, and parallel randomized controlled trial. Planned participant enrollment includes: infants exclusively receiving breast milk (n = 200; human milk reference group; HM) and infants whose mothers chose to initiate exclusive infant formula feeding before 4 months of age (n = 340). The latter were randomized to receive one of two study formulas until 12 months of age: 1) cow’s milk based infant formula that had docosahexaenoic (DHA) (17 mg/100 kcal) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (25 mg/100 kcal); 1.9 g protein/100 kcal; 1.2 mg Fe/100 kcal (Standard formula; SF) or 2) a similar infant formula with an added source of bovine MFGM (whey protein-lipid concentrate (Experimental formula; EF). Primary outcomes will be: 1) Physical growth (Body weight, length, and head circumference) at 730 days of age; and 2) Cognitive development (Auditory Event-Related Potential) at 730 days of age. Data will be analyzed for all participants allocated to each study feeding group. Discussion The results of this study will complement the knowledge regarding addition of bMFGM in infant formula including support of healthy growth and improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Trial registration NCT02626143, registered on December 10th 2015.Abstract Background A central aim for pediatric nutrition is to develop infant formula compositionally closer to human milk. Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) have shown to have functional components that are found in human milk, suggesting that addition of bovine sources of MFGM (bMFGM) to infant formula may promote beneficial outcomes potentially helping to narrow the gap between infants who receive human breast milk or infant formula. The objective of the current study is to determine how the addition of bMFGM in infant formula and consumption in early infancy affects physical growth and brain development when compared to infants fed with a standard formula and a reference group of infants fed with mother’s own milk. Methods Single center, double-blind, and parallel randomized controlled trial. Planned participant enrollment includes: infants exclusively receiving breast milk (n = 200; human milk reference group; HM) and infants whose mothers chose to initiate exclusive infant formula feeding before 4 months of age (n = 340). The latter were randomized to receive one of two study formulas until 12 months of age: 1) cow’s milk based infant formula that had docosahexaenoic (DHA) (17 mg/100 kcal) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (25 mg/100 kcal); 1.9 g protein/100 kcal; 1.2 mg Fe/100 kcal (Standard formula; SF) or 2) a similar infant formula with an added source of bovine MFGM (whey protein-lipid concentrate (Experimental formula; EF). Primary outcomes will be: 1) Physical growth (Body weight, length, and head circumference) at 730 days of age; and 2) Cognitive development (Auditory Event-Related Potential) at 730 days of age. Data will be analyzed for all participants allocated to each study feeding group. Discussion The results of this study will complement the knowledge regarding addition of bMFGM in infant formula including support of healthy growth and improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Trial registration NCT02626143, registered on December 10th 2015.
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    Effectiveness of a normative nutrition intervention (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) on maternal nutrition and offspring growth : the Chilean maternal and infant nutrition cohort study (CHiMINCs)
    (2015) Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Uauy, Ricardo; Garmendia, María Luisa.; Corvalán, Camila.; Araya, Marcela.
    Abstract Background Maternal obesity before and during pregnancy predicts maternal and infant risks of obesity and its associated metabolic conditions. Dietary and physical activity recommendations during pregnancy as well as weight monitoring are currently available in the Chilean primary health care system. However some of these recommendations are not updated and most of them are poorly implemented. We seek to assess the effectiveness of an intervention that enhances the implementation of updated nutrition health care standards (diet, physical activity, and breastfeeding promotion) during pregnancy on maternal weight gain and infant growth. Methods Design & Setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial. The cluster units will be 12 primary health care centers from two counties (La Florida and Puente Alto) from the South-East Area of Santiago randomly allocated to: 1) enhanced nutrition health care standards (intervention group) or 2) routine care (control group). Participants: Women seeking prenatal care before 15 weeks of gestation, residing within a catchment area of selected health centers, and who express that they are not planning to change residence will be invited to participate in the study. Pregnant women classified as high risk according to the Chilean norms (i.e age <16 or >40 years, multiple gestation, pre-gestational medical conditions, previous pregnancy-related issues) and/or underweight will be excluded. Intervention: Pregnant women who attend intervened health care centers starting at their first prenatal visit will receive advice regarding optimal weight gain during pregnancy and diet and physical activity counseling-support. Pregnant women who attend control health clinics will receive routine antenatal care according to national guidelines. We plan to recruit 200 women in each health center. Assuming a 20 % loss to follow up, we expect to include 960 women per arm. Main outcome measures: 1) Achievement of adequate weight gain based on IOM 2009 recommendations and adequate glycaemic control at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy according to ADA 2011, and 2) healthy infant growth during the first year of age based on WHO standards. Discussion We expect that the intervention will benefit the participants in achieving adequate weight gain & metabolic control during pregnancy as well as adequate infant growth as a result of an increased impact of standard nutrition and health care practices. Gathered information should contribute to a better understanding of how to develop effective interventions to halt the maternal obesity epidemic and its associated co-morbidities in the Chilean population. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01916603
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    Effectiveness of a normative nutrition intervention in Chilean pregnant women on maternal and neonatal outcomes: the CHiMINCs study
    (2020) Garmendia, M. L.; Corvalán, C.; Araya, M.; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Uauy, Ricardo
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    Effectiveness of an Intervention of Dietary Counseling for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women in the Consumption of Sugars and Energy
    (2019) Anleu, Elisa; Reyes, Marcela; Araya, Marcela; Flores, Marcela; Uauy, Ricardo; Garmendia, María Luisa
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    Effectiveness on maternal and offspring metabolic control of a home-based dietary counseling intervention and DHA supplementation in obese/overweight pregnant women (MIGHT study) : a randomized controlled trial-Study protocol
    (2018) Garmendia, María Luisa; Corvalán, Camila; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Araya, Marcela; Flores, Marcela; Bravo, Alfredo; Kusanovic, Juan Pedro; Olmos Coelho, Pablo Roberto; Uauy, Ricardo
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    Enteral Feeding and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Does Time of First Feeds and Rate of Advancement Matter?
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2021) Masoli, Daniela; Domínguez De Landa, María Angélica; Tapia, Jose L.; Uauy, Ricardo; Fabres, Jorge; NEOCOSUR Collaborative Network
    The aim of the study was to determine if time to initial enteral feeding (EF) and rate of advancement are associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or death. Methods: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data of very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI: 400--1500 g) born in 26 NEOCOSUR centers between 2000 and 2014. Results: Among 12,387 VLBWI, 83.7% survived without NEC, 6.6% developed NEC and survived, and 9.6% had NEC and died or died without NEC (NEC/death). After risk adjustment, time to initial EF (median = 2 days) was not associated with NEC; however, delaying it was protective for NEC/death (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93--0.99). A slower feeding advancement rate (FAR) was protective for NEC (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.94-0.98) and for NEC/death (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99). Conclusions: In VLBWI, there was no association between an early initial EF and NEC, although delaying it was associated with less NEC/death. A slower FAR was associated with lower risk of both outcomes.
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    Epigenética en enfermedades alérgicas y asma
    (2016) Castro Rodríguez, José Antonio; Krause Leyton, Bernardo; Uauy, Ricardo; Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia
    Las enfermedades alérgicas y el asma son el resultado de complejas interacciones entre la predisposición genética y factores ambientales. El asma es una de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en niños. En este artículo se revisan algunos factores ambientales como la exposición a alérgenos, tabaco, bacterias, componentes microbianos, dieta, obesidad y estrés, que intervienen durante la vida intrauterina y la infancia en la regulación epigenética de las enfermedades alérgicas y el asma. La revisión se realiza en tres tipos de modelos: in-vitro, animales y humanos.
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    Epigenetics and obesity
    (2016) Casanello Toledo, Paola Cecilia; Krause Leyton, Bernardo; Castro Rodríguez, José Antonio; Uauy, Ricardo
    La evidencia indica que la exposición a diversas condiciones ambientales en etapas tempranas de la vida puede inducir alteraciones persistentes en el epigenoma. Los estudios epigenómicos en sujetos obesos han permitido evaluar el papel de los mecanismos epigenéticos en el origen y desarrollo de la obesidad. La presente revisión aborda estudios que dan cuenta de la asociación entre la obesidad y metilación global del genoma (ADN), analizando el potencial impacto de intervenciones previas y posteriores al nacimiento que afectan la metilación del ADN y la obesidad en etapas más avanzadas de la vida. Estudios realizados principalmente en leucocitos, han logrado identificar sitios del ADN diferencialmente metilados asociados con obesidad. Estudios hasta la fecha no han demostrado que dichos cambios en metilación sean revertidos luego de bajar de peso. Esto contrasta con resultados iniciales en este campo, que sugieren que existirían marcadores epigenéticos presentes desde el nacimiento que permitirían definir el riesgo de obesidad durante el curso de la vida. La evidencia actual sugiere que algunas marcas epigenéticas son modificables, basándonos en la exposición en la vida intrauterina y también por los hábitos dietarios y de actividad fisica durante las etapas del crecimiento y en la adultez. Esto sugiere que existe la oportunidad de intervenir durante la gestación o en la vida posnatal temprana, que modificaría los perfiles epigenéticos desfavorables e idealmente contribuiría a prevenir la obesidad en los sujetos o poblaciones susceptibles. La evidencia indica que la exposición a diversas condiciones ambientales en etapas tempranas de la vida puede inducir alteraciones persistentes en el epigenoma. Los estudios epigenómicos en sujetos obesos han permitido evaluar el papel de los mecanismos epigenéticos en el origen y desarrollo de la obesidad. La presente revisión aborda estudios que dan cuenta de la asociación entre la obesidad y metilación global del genoma (ADN), analizando el potencial impacto de intervenciones previas y posteriores al nacimiento que afectan la metilación del ADN y la obesidad en etapas más avanzadas de la vida. Estudios realizados principalmente en leucocitos, han logrado identificar sitios del ADN diferencialmente metilados asociados con obesidad. Estudios hasta la fecha no han demostrado que dichos cambios en metilación sean revertidos luego de bajar de peso. Esto contrasta con resultados iniciales en este campo, que sugieren que existirían marcadores epigenéticos presentes desde el nacimiento que permitirían definir el riesgo de obesidad durante el curso de la vida. La evidencia actual sugiere que algunas marcas epigenéticas son modificables, basándonos en la exposición en la vida intrauterina y también por los hábitos dietarios y de actividad fisica durante las etapas del crecimiento y en la adultez. Esto sugiere que existe la oportunidad de intervenir durante la gestación o en la vida posnatal temprana, que modificaría los perfiles epigenéticos desfavorables e idealmente contribuiría a prevenir la obesidad en los sujetos o poblaciones susceptibles.